Many people know the story of "Fan Jinzhong Mansion", but it is just a story written in a novel. There are many satirical stories in this novel, among which Fan Jinzhong is probably the most famous. However, do you know who is the author of this novel? In fact, the author of this novel is Wu, and his life is even worse than that. Let's introduce the author today. What is his life experience?
Wu is one of the greatest novelists in Qing Dynasty. His name is Wenmu, also known as Wenmu. Han nationality, from Quanjiao County, Chuzhou City, Anhui Province. Because of his family's "Wenmu Mountain Residence", he called himself "Wenmu Old Man" in his later years, and because he moved from his hometown in Quanjiao County, Chuzhou, Anhui Province to Qinhuai River in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, he was also called "Qinhuai Guest Residence".
That is, young, smart and good at remembering. Slightly, fill the formal disciple. Jing You's Preface to Lanting Collection, Fu Licheng. In poor health, he was brave and fearless. After several years, his old family's property was squandered, and sometimes he even had no food. In the 13th year of Yongzheng, Governor Zhao refused to go on the grounds of "erudition". Moved to Jinling and became a literary leader. Comrade Ji also built the Pantheon at the foot of Yuhua Mountain and sacrificed 230 people. Lack of funds, the sale of home ownership scheme can not be realized, and families are poor. In his later years, he was a famous old man who traveled in Yangzhou, especially addicted to alcohol. He died among the guests. Twelve volumes of Selected Works, seven volumes of Wen Mu Fang Shan's Poems, and satirical novel Wen Mu Fang Shan's Poems.
First, young talents.
The Wu family has been a local clan for generations. "The voice of the family is always beautiful." In the forty years of Kangxi, Wu was born into a bureaucratic family with "many officials and big officials".
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Zu named Xiao Qiwei and conferred the title of Liuhe in Jiangsu. Gao, whose real name is integrity, would rather die than surrender. Guan Ji, the satrap of Ningguo, was called in by the book and thanked him.
Wu Pei is knowledgeable and versatile, and he can write good poems and calligraphy. Recently, his posthumous work The Scholars was discovered. A book was compiled by his sons Wu, Wu, Wu Dui and Wu. In addition, there are six volumes, such as the Collection of Xishu Caotang, Interpretation of the Book of Songs and Reading History.
Wu lost his mother at the age of thirteen and went to Ganyu with his father at the age of fourteen. Sometimes he has a literary name. He "reads it after reading it, but can recite it." He studies hard and has a smart mind. He soon laid a good knowledge base. The so-called "study hard and you will have the basic knowledge" and "read it after reading, but you can recite it" shows good endowment and talent.
But he didn't study hard. From time to time, he browsed the local mountains and seas with his father and attended some local celebrity parties. In addition, he was born in an official's family, and he was infected with some habits of "valuing family over luxury", so that he developed a dissolute, open-minded and vulgar mentality, which made him feel like a talent.
In such an important historical period, the following major events happened to Wu: His father, Wu, was an honest official, and he made many contributions to Ganyu County in this humble position of education.
At the beginning of taking office, I watched the church house wither and collapse, so I donated my salary of 42 taels a year, and then sold the 3,000 mu of fertile land of my ancestral home. He also sold his ancestors' pawn shops, Buzhuang and Yinlou in Wuhe, Tianchang, Hanshan and Hezhou, and raised nearly 20,000 yuan to build the Confucian Temple and Zunjing Pavilion, all of which were destroyed in the 1668 earthquake. And a new "Jingyi Pavilion" was built.
He witnessed his father's contribution and was very proud of him. But it also witnessed the unfair treatment of my father who was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown because he was not good at but.
At the same time, under the care of his father, he completed his marriage at the age of 16, and his first marriage with Dow made him more closely related to the Quanjiaojin family. 18 years old went back to his hometown to help arrange his father-in-law's funeral. At the age of 20, he went to Chuzhou to treat his brother-in-law Jin Shao, who died of illness. Wu, who lost her mother prematurely, faced the harsh world at an early age. Although he was a little cold, he tempered him and made his thoughts mature early.
It is because of this decade's experience that he finally broke with officialdom. Early marriage did not completely get rid of the feudal traditional mode of arranged marriage by parents. Just like the second marriage with Ye, it brought a brand-new independent marriage to Wu. Wu lived in Ganyu's adolescence and youth, which was one of the periods with the strongest language plasticity.
Second, the prodigal son returns.
In Kangxi 6 1 year, Wu resigned due to illness and accompanied his father back to his hometown from Ganyu, but Wu finally fell ill. Wu became a scholar at the age of 23, that is, in this year, his father Wu Lin died. Since then, Wu's life has undergone fundamental changes.
First of all, clan people rely on a large number of people and put forward the requirement of separation, that is, "brothers participate in management and clan criticism." In a civil war for inheritance, the helpless man ended in failure and left him no wealth.
After the separation, Wu's sick wife died because she couldn't stand the bullying of her people. His views on life and society have also changed.
Wu's father, Wu, left a huge legacy of more than 20 thousand taels of silver. Amethyst, on the other hand, regards him as a black sheep, because he drinks heavily and is down and out all day, while he is open-minded by nature and anxious for his friends. There are "changes in seizing property", "brothers joining in, and clan abusing power", which are regarded as the black sheep of the family and "descendants of the village".
In the 11th year of Yongzheng, he moved to Nanjing with his second wife, Ye Shi, and moved to Shui Ge, Qinhuai, Jinling. He lives in the west of Baibanqiao Bridge on Qinhuai River, and his family is already very poor. Since then, Wu has been living in peace. Owl bird swims eastward, Ming Duo! When the 33-year-old Wu moved to Nanjing, he was already a "black sheep" in the eyes of Nanjing people.
To the point where it rained for three days and there was no money under the kitchen, he still refused to test Fu's words, but he still made friends. "A man who is universally accepted is promoted to the position of leader."
When "complaints and grunts from the elders" interfered with their freedom, he "crossed his hands to thank the elders, with eyebrows like halberds and voices like tigers". His "stupidity", "stupidity" and "implication" remain unchanged all his life, how similar to Xiaoyan!
Third, poverty and poverty.
In the first year of Qianlong, Zhao, the governor of Anhui, and Tang Shilin, the governor of Jiangning, were highly recommended to take the poetry examination. He refused because his thirst increased, but his cousin Wu Ming and his friend Cheng lost. When he encountered difficulties in his later years, he had to sell articles and friends to help him tide over the difficulties. "No money in my pocket and thunder in my stomach" makes the book delicious.
Every winter, the temperature is bitter and cold, so I visit the city with my friends at night, singing and whistling. This is called "foot warming". Cheng Jinfang, a close friend, described it in "The Gift of Moving Home": "Going out of the South Gate, going around the city for dozens of miles, whistling, getting along with each other day and night, catching the light, and entering the West Gate of the Water, all laughing, and getting warm every night." "In terms of making friends, I have never been poorer than Min Xuan. After visiting Huai Yu, I found there were no pens and inkstones.
Y: We have lived to this generation, but can we leave for a while? Xuan smiled and said, I have my own pen and ink in my chest, so don't bother. Its charm is enough to hide it for a while. Stroke the bow and pass on the classics. Heaven is in Min Xuan, but if it has any different meaning, it can't be popular. "。
Now, Wu, an official who once took refuge in his hometown, has been fired. A poem "Biography of Teacher Wenmu" said: "Ask his wife and children when to repay rice.
After he came back, he died on the spot because of fever, excessive phlegm and shortness of breath. Today is 65438+ 10 month 1 1. At that time, only the youngest son, Wu Shu, was at the bedside. Before his death, his friends Jin and Wang helped to arrange the funeral. At that time, Wu was very poor. "There is still money to buy clothes." Lu Jian bought him a coffin, and his body was buried in Liang Qingshan, Jinling.
Wu Yisheng wrote a large number of poems, essays and historical research works, including twelve volumes, four volumes and seven volumes. However, it was his satirical novel "Poems of Wenmushanfang" that established his outstanding position in the history of China literature. It took him nearly 20 years to finish the novel until he was 49 years old.