Putianle Xiaoxiang Night Rain①
White Pingzhou, Huanglu Bank. The clouds are thick and cold, and the rain is falling. When the fishermen returned from fishing, the guests pushed up their tents to watch. The turbid waves are empty and the solitary lamp shines, and I want to see turtles in and out of them. The soul disappears and the face is dull, and the sorrow soothes the tired eyes. Where can I find my home?
Comments
① Night Rain in Xiaoxiang: One of the group paintings "Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang" by the Northern Song Dynasty painter Song Di. Xiaoxiang, the name of two rivers, mainly flows through Hunan, and the Xiaoshui is a tributary of the Xiangshui. But "Xiaoxiang" can also be interpreted as Qingxiang. "Shui Jing Zhu": "Xiao refers to clear and deep water."
② Yuán tuó: two large aquatic animals. Turtle, big turtle. Alligator, alligator.
Translation
The islets in the water are covered with white apples, and rows of yellow reeds cover the banks. Thick dark clouds turned into chaotic rain, bringing with it bursts of chill. The fishermen on the river stopped fishing and hurried home, while the passengers in the boat opened the tent windows to take a look. But I saw the turbid river waves rolling into the air, and only a light shining eye-catchingly in the distance. The river is surging, and it is expected that giant animals such as turtles are appearing and sinking, adding fuel to the fire. He is already depressed, his face is gloomy, and his soul is even more torn apart. I opened my tired eyes wide in sorrow, searching in the night rain: Where are the rivers and mountains of my hometown?
Appreciation
"Putian Le·Xiaoxiang Night Rain" is a short poem inscribed by the Yuan Dynasty scholar Xianyu Biren on the famous Song Dynasty painting "Xiaoxiang Night Rain". This little poem vividly describes the content of this famous painting with words, which reflects the author's profound skill in using subtext and words. It also reveals the author's sorrow of traveling in a foreign land.
It is not surprising that we have seen countless sunflowers in life, but Van Gogh’s famous painting "Sunflowers" can make the audience linger. This is because art refines the beauty of life and mobilizes people's aesthetic emotions. . Painters solidified this kind of beauty in paintings, and poets continued to refine it with their aesthetic emotions. Therefore, many ancient poetry works were based on paintings. The same is true for the song "Xiaoxiang Night Rain". The difference is that the author does not use the real picture scroll as a basis, but purely relies on his own imagination to conceive the proposition picture.
The first four sentences describe the scenery, from the ground to the sky, naturally to build a "Xiaoxiang" space. Here, the island in the water, the shore by the water, white apples and yellow reeds are mentioned. The water surface of Xiaoxiang itself is not mentioned. However, from the "dense clouds pile up and cold, chaotic rain and flying cold", it can be seen that this vast painting area is Occupied and replaced by the rain in the title. "Leng" and "cold" have synonymous meanings, but the author uses the Chinese characters "dui" and "fei" respectively, which does not make people feel that they are holding hands together. On the contrary, it gives off a miserable atmosphere of the rain scene in Xiaoxiang, and This is exactly the author's intended goal. At this point, the word "night" in the title has not yet been revealed. The author does not directly write about the night, but cleverly inserts character activities to give hints. The first is "fishermen stop fishing and return home". The fishermen who have been exposed to the wind and rain have finished their work and rushed home, obviously because of time reasons. The first is "Guest pushes up the awning to see", which indicates "guest", and in the cabin, pushing up the awning is naturally not to enjoy the scenery, but a reasonable move to worry about the future on a rainy night. This "seeing" leaves room for the author to leisurely lay out the night scene, and in Hakka's field of vision, the sinister scene of "the turbid waves emptying and the solitary lamp shining" does appear. "The turbid waves are emptying out" is a famous sentence in Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower". The context is: "The wind is roaring, the turbid waves are emptying out, the sun and stars are hidden, the mountains are hidden, business travel is blocked, the rafters are toppled and destroyed, and the dusk is dark. "Tiger roars and ape cries" is a typical scene in Xiaoxiang Dongting. And "Gu Deng Can" is a laggard among the fishermen who "return from fishing" on the river. The appearance of these three characters is not only directly related to the word "night", but also forms a contrast between the huge empty waves and the solitary lamp of the boat, which makes the "guest" and even the readers feel excited, and together they have "thinking about the night". The worry of "haunting and disappearing". These two sentences describe the night scene, and are mixed with the influence of "rain", making the previous miserable atmosphere even more intense. In the minds of Hakka, the fall of the world can easily arouse concern and sympathy for the fate of the lonely boat on the river; but once the "lone lantern" breaks out of the turbid waves and the swamps, it can return home safely, but what about itself? ——In this way, the thoughts that follow the last three sentences, especially the question "Where is my home?", have a particularly touching power.
The original painting of "Eight Views of Xiaoxiang" was displayed in the Eight Views Pavilion in Changsha during the Southern Song Dynasty. People in the Yuan Dynasty may not have seen it, so they each used different ideas. Another example is Ma Zhiyuan's "Shouyang Song·Xiaoxiang Night Rain": "On Xiaoxiang night, the rain has not stopped, and the red leaves rustle all over the river. When you listen carefully, what are the most affectionate ones? As small as a firefly's hut." Ma Zuoye It is praised by people, but compared to this song, it is a bit inferior in atmosphere and spirit. The brilliance of this piece is to add the moving figures and thoughts and feelings of the characters into the content of the painting, and to use the characters' thoughts and feelings to enhance the environmental atmosphere and aesthetic connotation of the picture. If there is any painting that can perfectly express the artistic conception and effect of this Sanqu, I think it will be as immortal as Van Gogh's famous painting.
Author
Xianyu Xinren, the word is Qujin, and the name is Kuzhai. A native of Yuyang County (where the government is today Jinji County). The year of birth and death is unknown, but he probably lived around the time of Emperor Yingzong of Yuan Dynasty (1321-1323). His father Taichang's diary records are rare in Shu.
He was a famous calligrapher and poet in the Yuan Dynasty. The Shu daughter married Jin, the grandson of Wang Xuexue of Gaochang, the prime minister of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Wang Duoer of Jingnan. Her grandson Boyan Buhua's Jin was eager to learn and knew music. Biren was not only influenced by his family studies, but also had good relations with his brother-in-law's Uyghur relatives and friends, and was influenced by Uyghur music. Therefore, he "worked on poetry and hospitality, and composed music and music with a lot of expert words" (see Wu Mei's "Gu Qu Forum") . Although he came from an official family, he himself was a commoner all his life. Because of his optimistic temperament, he often attached himself to the mountains and rivers and traveled around the world. When he was still alive, he had close friendship with Guocai and Shaozhong, the sons of Haiyan Yangcai, and often "taught them all the methods of composition". Guan Yunshi once taught Yang Zi and his family children to sing. Xianyu Biren, who was influenced by Uighur music, also taught his sons Guocai, Shaozhong and family children in the latter. That's why Yang is famous in the world. The "sea salt cavity". The compositions in his Sanqu that depict scenes have beautiful prose and broad artistic conception; the compositions that commemorate historical figures, praise history and discuss the world, have a healthy style. Zhu Quan's "Taihe Zhengyinpu" of the Ming Dynasty commented that his poems are "like Kuibi Tenghui".