Stork tower
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Wang Zhihuan
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea.
By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
Appreciation/appreciation
The extraordinary ambition of the poet in this poem reflects the enterprising spirit of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Write what you see in the first two sentences. "Mountains cover the day" is about mountains, and "All rivers run into the sea" is about water. The poet watched a sunset sink to the endless rolling mountains in front of the building, and Ran Ran disappeared at the end of his vision; I watched the Yellow River roaring south in front of the building and downstairs, then turned east in the distance and flowed to the sea. The poet captured the rivers and mountains of Wan Li with extremely simple and plain language, with a short span of ten words with high image and high generalization, and the picture was broad and distant.
There are two sentences in Du Fu's Song of Wang Zai's Painting Landscape: "Traveling in ancient times, talking about Wan Li recently". Although it is about painting, it can also be used to talk about poetry. These two poems written by Wang Zhihuan's landscape make it possible for Wan Li to be close at hand and Wan Li to be close at hand.
Write the last two sentences. "But you have broadened your horizons by 300 miles", a poet's endless pursuit, wanting to see farther and see where his eyesight can reach. The way is to stand higher and "go up a flight of stairs". It can be inferred from the second half of the poem that the first half of the poem may have been written on the second floor (not the floor), and the poet wanted to see the distant scenery as far as possible, and even climbed to the roof. The word "Lou" at the end also plays the role of a point, indicating that this is a poem about climbing stairs.
This poem seems to describe the process of climbing stairs straightforwardly, but its significance is far-reaching and people can explore it. "A thousand miles" and "the first floor" are imaginary numbers, which are both vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "to be poor" and "to be better" contain many hopes and longings. These two poems are not only novel and unexpected, but also very natural and close to the first two poems, thus pushing this poem to a higher level and showing readers a broader vision. It is precisely because of this that these two sentences with simple philosophy have become famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages, and this poem has also become a swan song.
Zhou Fugang said that this poem has the power to transcend time and space. This power is the unity of beauty and philosophy, the harmony of objectivity and subjectivity, and the great artistic reproduction and creation.
2. Appreciation of classical children's ancient poems Part II
Dreamed of the south bank
Bai Juyi [Tang Dynasty]
The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
Distinguish and appreciate
Bai Juyi once worked as a secretariat of Hangzhou, stayed in Hangzhou for two years, and later worked as a secretariat of Suzhou for more than a year. When he was young, he roamed the south of the Yangtze River and lived in Suzhou and Hangzhou. It should be said that he knows a lot about Jiangnan, so he was deeply impressed. Twelve years after he returned to Luoyang from Suzhou, he wrote three poems recalling Jiangnan at the age of 67, which shows that the scenery of Jiangnan is still vivid in his mind.
The first poem of this poem, the author widely recalls Jiangnan, covering Jiangsu and Hangzhou, and writes about spring scenery.
The whole word is five sentences. When I opened my mouth, I praised "Jiangnan is good!" It is because of "good" that we should "remember". The phrase "I used to be familiar with the scenery" shows that the "good" scenery in Jiangnan is not what people say, but what I personally felt and experienced in those years, thus leaving an unforgettable memory in my own aesthetic consciousness. It not only implements the word "good", but also clarifies the word "memory". Next, he wrote down the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in two words: "At sunrise, the river flowers win the fire, and in spring, the river is blue." "Sunrise" and "Spring is coming" have different meanings. Spring is full of flowers and very red; The red sun is brighter and redder. Here, the brightness of the color is improved because of the same hue baking and dyeing. The water by the river is green, and the red sun shines all over the river bank, making the green waves more sparkling. Here, the contrast of different tones enhances the uniqueness of colors. The author associates "flower" with "sun" in order to dye the same color; And "flower" and "river" are connected together, in order to set off different colors. The river is red, and the river is green. The two are background to each other. So the red one is redder, "Red is better than fire"; Green is greener, "green as blue".
The word "Yi" in the title and the word "Lao Zeng" in the poem also show that this word has a more important layer: setting off the spring scenery in the north and south of the Yangtze River. The whole poem describes the "deja vu" spring scenery in Jiangnan with nostalgia. At this time, the author is in Luoyang. Compared with Jiangnan, the spring in Luoyang comes later. The author wrote in Luo Yang's "Wang Weidi" Seven Wonders Cloud: "Flowers are cold and lazy, birds are lazy, and horses are idle in the west. Where did you think before spring, wicker was powerless to Wei? "In the south of the Yangtze River, the rising sun rose, flowers in the river prevailed over fire, but Luoyang was" cold and lazy ",and only the wicker on Wang Wei's levee showed a little spring.
Bloom is later than Jiangnan, and the water is different. Luoyang has Luoshui and Yishui, not far from the Yellow River. But even if spring comes, the water can't be as green as the spring water in the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the author tried his best to recall the spring scenery in Jiangnan, sincerely praised "Jiangnan is good", and after writing down the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan once known, he could not help but close the whole poem with the feeling of "unforgettable Jiangnan". This collection of works not only supports the Luoyang-born author's infinite admiration and nostalgia for the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creates a long-lasting charm. Although the words are combined, the lingering feelings fly away, which naturally leads to the second and third songs.
3. Appreciation of classical children's ancient poems (Ⅲ)
South of the Yangtze river
Han Yuefu [Han Dynasty]
Lotus can be picked in Jiangnan, so there is no lotus leaf. Fish are frolicking among the lotus leaves.
Fish hits the lotus leaf east, fish hits the lotus leaf west, fish hits the lotus leaf south, and fish hits the lotus leaf north.
Distinguish and appreciate
This is a lotus-picking song in Yuefu folk songs of Han Dynasty. The whole poem does not directly describe the happy mood of lotus pickers, but fully reveals their joy through the description of lotus leaves and fish, as if hearing and seeing many lotus pickers singing and laughing with their own eyes, and many young men and lotus pickers are still flirting and courting.
The first two sentences are about people picking lotus leaves and looking at the big round lotus leaves on the water. They are so happy that they can't help but praise them warmly. "Ke" has a proper and just meaning here. "Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River" means that there are lotus flowers everywhere in the south of the Yangtze River, which is really a good place to pick lotus. "Tian Tian" describes the round and fresh appearance of the lotus leaf, and when it is said, it describes the lotus leaf as full and beautiful, standing upright on the water. "He" is "He Qitian", which is a tone of extreme praise. Only leaves are written here, but we can think of flowers. The flowering period of lotus is from May to July in the summer calendar, and each flower can bloom for two to three days. It opens every morning and closes gradually at three or four o'clock in the afternoon. After 20 days of flowering, lotus can be harvested as raw food, and the fruit (lotus seed) matures in July and August. A Qing Dynasty Zhang Yuxi said: "Don't talk about flowers, just talk about leaves;" The leaves are still lovely, and it goes without saying that the flowers are gone. " (Appreciation of Ancient Poetry) The lotus leaves are dense and the lotus flowers are flourishing. Not only is the scenery beautiful, but it also shows that there will be a bumper harvest of lotus seeds, and the lotus pickers are naturally very happy.
People picking lotus flowers on the water will inevitably see the scene in the water. The fish play between lotus leaves is about fish swimming between lotus leaves, just like playing a game. The word "play" describes the quick and happy expression of fish in the water, which is very vivid. Not only fish is written here, but also people's wishes are compared. Lotus pickers paddle boats among the lotus leaves, chasing and playing with each other, just like fish swimming in the water. Their skillful rowing, brisk sailing, light posture and cheerful mood naturally float before our eyes.
This song has only seven sentences, which are as clear as words. The last four sentences are basically the repetition of the third sentence. Its beauty lies mainly in the use of comparison and pun, which are common in folk songs, and the joy of flirting between men and women is extremely euphemistic, implicit and intriguing, without the disadvantages of frivolous and vulgar. The whole poem is completed in one go, but it can be divided into two parts in structure: the first three sentences reveal the theme; The last four sentences further show the joyful scene and broad scene when picking lotus. The third sentence in the poem plays a connecting role in the whole poem, connecting the upper and lower without trace. The artistic conception of the poem is fresh and cheerful, the mood is in the scene, and people are in the scene, such as hearing their voices and seeing their people, picturesque and relaxed, showing a scene full of business.
In the classification of Yuefu, this poem belongs to the "harmony song", which was originally a song sung by two people or by everyone, so the four sentences of "fish beating lotus leaves" may be the harmony song. Therefore, the first two sentences of the poem may be sung by male singers; The third sentence is male and female chorus; The last four sentences should be sung by men and women in groups. In this way, the scene of picking lotus is more vivid and interesting, and the mystery of this song can be better understood.
The juxtaposition of "East", "West", "South" and "North" in the poem is easy to become dull, but this song is so laid out that it is unrestrained and extremely vivid, which fully reflects the endless aftertaste of the song.
Chapter 4 Appreciation of Classical Children's Ancient Poetry
Takeishi
Zheng Xie [Qing Dynasty]
Bamboo is not relaxed at all, its roots are firmly embedded in the cracks in the rocks.
After thousands of tortures and blows, it is still strong, whether it is the southeast wind or the northwest wind in winter, it can bear it and will still be tough and straight.
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem embodies the tenacity and persistence of bamboo. It's a poem about Yanzhu, and it's also a poem about things.
At first, the word "persistence" was used to personify rock bamboo, which conveyed its charm and tenacious vitality; The last two sentences further describe Yanzhu's character. After numerous hardships, she grew into a handsome and tall figure, and she was never afraid of being beaten by strong winds from east to west, north and south. Zheng Xie not only wrote poems about bamboo, but also painted it vividly. In his works, the bamboo poles are very thin, and the leaves are not many colors, but they are all green, and they are all ink and wash, which makes them stand tall and independent. So this poem is written about bamboo on the surface, but it is actually about people. The writer himself is upright and upright, and his upright and upright character will never bow to any evil forces. At the same time, this poem can also touch our lives, overcome difficulties in a tortuous and harsh environment, face reality as strong and brave as bamboo in the cracks, and reflect the feelings of patriots.
The bamboo in this poem has one characteristic. Not solitary bamboo, not static bamboo, but rock bamboo, wind bamboo. In Zheng Banqiao's poems and paintings, bamboo is often a symbol of noble conduct and tenacious will, while wind is often a representative of evil forces. The poet used the words "thousand" and "ten thousand" to write the indomitable, calm and confident expression of bamboo, which can be said that the artistic conception of the whole poem suddenly emerged. At this time, what stands in front of us is no longer a few ordinary bamboos. What we feel is an indomitable vitality and perseverance, and all this is contained in the rustling bamboo.
The language of this poem is simple and lively, but it is persistent and powerful. It vividly describes the free, firm and optimistic character of bamboo, which was born in a harsh environment and grew up in danger. Bamboo has taken root and sprouted in the broken rocks, and has experienced wind and rain, but it just "insists that the green hills will not relax." A word "bite" expresses the tenacious vitality and firm belief of bamboo. The word "Ren" in the last sentence also shows the fearless, generous and optimistic spirit of bamboo. It generally describes the lofty virtues of bamboo and the author.
Chapter 5 Appreciation of Classical Children's Ancient Poetry
draw
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty | Author: Wang Wei
From a distance, the mountains are high and the clouds are light, and the colors are bright. When you look closer, you can only hear the sound of water, but there is no sound.
Spring has passed, but there are still many flowers and flowers. People go nearby, but the birds are still not disturbed.
Appreciation/appreciation
The mountains in the distance are often blurred, but the mountains in the picture are very clear. If you listen to running water nearby, you should hear the sound of water, but the running water in the painting is silent. Flowers in full bloom in spring will fade with the passage of spring. And the flowers on the painting are in full bloom no matter what season. When people get close to the bird sitting on the branch, it will fly away in horror. But the bird in the picture can't fly even if you come near it. The whole poem seems to violate the laws of nature, but in fact it is a secret riddle, which shows the characteristics of this painting.
Seen from a distance, the mountains are colorful.
The distant mountains are smiling, and the colorful mountains are good. What is colored? Comely, handsome, red, wet, green and drooping are colors, so are cool gray, and so are strange and steep pictures. It is only because it is far away that it produces beauty and makes people feel that it has unlimited scenery. This is a kind of "serenity", and the beauty of serenity is beyond the reach of the first sentence, because only people with meditation can appreciate it. This is like the Chun Xue, which drove the Xialiba people out of the art space from the beginning. Cancelled the qualification of impetuous people to appreciate beauty. Here, there is no impetuousness, only calm as water. But not stagnant water, but living water. Do you think there is water in the painting? A spring water poured out with irresistible kindness. A flowing beauty jumps into the poet's eyes.
Listen to the water silently.
The source of flowing water is "dynamic environment", while the word "silent" enters the static environment, which is quiet and far-reaching. There is no contradiction with the first sentence. The poet can say that he can easily choose between dynamic and static. What is so amazing? It's too quiet, it's hard to give up, it's hard to find. In this way, we will be close to this poem and this painting, and our hearts will be close to the mountains and rivers. The beauty of all things is only because of "quietness". Silence is a beauty. In Wang Xizhi's poems, it is this kind of beauty of "walking on a shady road, like swimming in a mirror". Sound and silence are dissolved together, the perfect sound of nature! This is what Zhuangzi called "nature". When "natural sound" and "human voice" and "earth sound" are together, a kind of natural sound that ordinary people can't say is formed.
Spring has passed, but there are still many flowers and flowers. People go nearby, but the birds are still not disturbed.
Flowers bloom heartily in that most beautiful season, and finally open life to the most beautiful. After the beauty reaches the extreme, it floats away. But the flowers don't fade, just because they are in the painting. Not only that, but also the flowers in the painting. By the end of spring, the flowers were gone, and the feeling of sadness was everywhere.
Birds are not surprised. They don't know that their youth is over and the years have passed. How many regrets have been left.
The painting in the poem seems to represent a dream, an invisible dream, but that kind of dream can only be remembered when the human mind is in a quiet state. But it's impossible. It's true. Poets can only look for the last thing in the world that can be entrusted with a touch of meditation. People leave, flowers stay in the air, birds are not surprised, people come again, there is no eternal beauty, all beauty will be hidden in illusion.