Translating ancient poems is a method of learning ancient poems.
This method can be summarized in five words: "retain", "change", "move", "add", and "connect".
1. "Liu" means to retain words and nouns such as names of people, places, and things that are common in ancient and modern times. For example, the nouns such as "grass", "wind", "general" and "gong" in the poem "Song of Saixia", as well as words commonly used in ancient and modern times such as "dark", "night", "seeking" and "shiling", It should be basically retained when translating.
2. "Changing" means replacing words with different meanings and usages in ancient and modern times. For example, the ability to think differently, such as "pingming" can be replaced by "early morning", or "early morning", "dawn", etc.
3. "Tian" is to supplement the omitted elements in the poem. Because ancient poetry is limited by the number of words and needs for rhyme and rhythm, subjects, predicates, prepositions, etc. are often omitted, so when translating It is necessary to add it appropriately. For example, the sentence "Pingming is looking for white feathers" omits the subject "general"; the sentence "not in the stone edge" also omits the subject "arrow".
4. "Shifting" means adjusting the order of words in ancient poems. Sometimes, for the sake of rhyme and rhythm, the order of sentence components in ancient poems can often be "subject-predicate inversion". When translating, the order should be in accordance with modern times. The order of grammar has been adjusted. For example, in the sentence "The forest is dark and the grass is frightened by the wind", the word order of "the grass is frightened by the wind" here is "object one-~ predicate--subject". The subject, predicate and predicate object are both inverted, which is a multiple inversion. When translating, it must be adjusted to "subject-predicate-object", that is, "wind jingcao", which means "the wind blows the grass"; the modifier "an" of "lin" is also inverted and should be adjusted to "Dark Forest", that is, "dark woods".
5. "Lian" means connecting the meaning of ancient poems into smooth words according to modern grammar. For example, the poem "The grass in the dark forest is frightened by the wind" is first moved to "The wind in the dark forest frightens the grass", and then it can be "connected" and serially translated into "The wind in the dark forest stirs the grass (that is, the wind blows the grass)". It is worth mentioning that ancient poems pay special attention to the refinement of words and sentences, and the words are highly condensed. Therefore, when "linking", the meaning of some "remained" words must be expanded, so that the meaning of the translated ancient poems is The meaning is more complete and smooth, such as the meaning of the poem "The general draws his bow at night", and also the meaning of "shooting arrows", which is expanded to "drawing the bow and shooting arrows" when "lian"; "stone edge" means "not in the stone edge" Expanded into "edges of stone".
After students clarify the above-mentioned method of translating ancient poems, they can then summarize it vividly: the five words "remain", "change", "shift", "add" and "connect" are the "five" words. "Golden Keys", these "five golden keys" are specially used to open the door to the translation of ancient poems. When you use it, you must use it one by one in the order of "retain" - "change" - "move" - ??"add" - "connect". Sometimes the "door" is difficult to open, and five You have to use all the "golden keys"; sometimes it is easy to open, and you only need to use a few of them. For example, when translating the poem "The grass in the dark forest is frightened by the wind", the words "liu" (retaining "grass" and "wind"), "change" (replacing "fright" with "blowing"), and "shift" (replacing "blow") are used in sequence. "The grass is frightened by the wind" was moved to "the wind frightens the grass"), and "lian" (translated as "the wind blows the grass in the dim woods").