The so-called image is the artistic image created by the objective object through the unique emotional activities of the creative subject. As far as classical poetry is concerned, the "scenery" written by the poet and the "things" sung by the poet are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image" Taking the image of poetry as a breakthrough, multi-dimensional interpretation is one of the keys to appreciate poetry. This paper intends to interpret some common images in classical poetry for reference.
1, fallen flower
Nature is the eternal cognitive object and aesthetic object of human beings. The forms of nature are rich and colorful, and human beings can capture beauty endlessly. Mountains, rivers and plants have temperament. Emotion meets these forms, so images are produced. There are countless excellent poems in the history of China. This paper only wants to capture one of them-poetry with the image of "falling flowers", and briefly talk about it.
Falling flowers is a natural phenomenon and law, but it is endowed with emotion and life in China's ancient poems. To sum up, the image of "falling flowers" has several meanings.
A. First, the fallen flowers are described as natural scenery, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception.
Flowers are flying all over the sky in Spring City (Han Yi's Cold Food) gives people the feeling that the spring breeze is warm and sunny, and all kinds of flowers are dancing in the wind, which is wonderful.
"But now I think of that night, that storm, and I don't know how many flowers were folded" (Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"). With the sound of the storm, flowers fell everywhere, and you can imagine the beauty of spring and the childlike interest of children.
B. first, in the face of falling flowers, sigh: sigh that time flies and the beautiful scenery is no longer there.
"Running water is lighter than spring, and heaven and earth are also." (Li Yu's "Langtaosha") This shows the hatred and helplessness of the country's demise.
"Flowers bloom and fall, flowing water gurgles, a kind of acacia, and two places are idle." (Li Qingzhao's "Pruning Plums") expresses deep depression and faint lovesickness.
"People who bury flowers today are stupid. Who did he know when he was buried? " This is Lin Daiyu's funeral speech in A Dream of Red Mansions. If the flowers have been buried, who will bury them? It means that a person's fate is not as good as falling flowers, which has exhausted the persistent sadness in his heart.
C, there is also the spirit of falling flowers that symbolizes high spirits.
Yu Yue, a candidate for "Flowers Fall in Spring", had a second interview in the Ritual Department during the Qing Dynasty. This poem begins with this sentence, which means hope is on earth.
"A vicious spring water surrounds the flower body, and enchanting flower shadows occupy the spring. If it is blown into snow by the east wind, it is better than being crushed into dust by Nanmo. " (Wang Anshi's "Apricot Flowers in the North") A reclusive poet would rather die in the struggle with the die-hards than compromise and go with the flow.
Step 2 live water
A, because water is soft and cold, it is often compared to moonlight, which is tangible but difficult to grasp.
Things.
"The day makes the night cool like water, sitting and watching the morning glory and weaving stars" (Autumn Evening by Du Mu), the poet's indifference in borrowing water reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times.
B, because the constant shearing of water coincides with endless sadness, poets often use water as a metaphor for sadness.
"Although the water is still flowing, the knife is chopped, and the wine is drowned, the sorrow is still there" (Li Bai's "Secretary of Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou"), which expresses the poet's strong feeling of the irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
"How much sorrow can you have, like a river flowing eastward" (South Tang of Ten Countries, Yu Meiren by Li Yu). After experiencing the pain of national subjugation, the poet tasted the bitterness of life. He used "a river of spring water" to express his sadness and hatred, and let readers see that his worries are like spring water, and his grief and indignation are beyond words.
3. "Pound clothes" and "anvil sound"
A, caring about the warmth and coldness of family members and sewing clothes for the whole family is one of the main responsibilities of ancient women. In the repeated mechanical work of beating clothes, they have enough time to miss their relatives far away. The monotonous and long anvil sound helps to get rid of the troubles of the outside world and concentrate on it, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. It is for these reasons that the action of beating clothes and the related sound of cleaning the anvil have become the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry.
"The small kitchen tube is falling, and the clothes are shining on the bright moon at night." (Li Bai's "Dressing")
"If you are tired of smashing clothes, you will find that the wall is deep." (Du Fu's rags)
"In the shadow of Hong Fei, beyond the anvil, always go to the Jade Pass." (Song Yan Dao Ji's Youth Journey)
B, the state of dressing under the moon, the sound of the wind sending the anvil, not only reminds women of their own pain, but also easily touches the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images.
Du Fu's Autumn Flourishing expresses his yearning for his hometown in exile with the anvil sound of Baidicheng.
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia was gloomy.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears on another day, but she was alone in her hometown.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
C, classical poetry shows the image of the anvil beating, and also shapes this image. It not only infects and touches the homesick women and vagrants in the situation, but even ordinary poets often like to use this sound as the background music of their poems to express various complex emotions:
"The deep courtyard is quiet, the small courtyard is empty, the cold anvil is intermittent, and the wind is intermittent. But people can't sleep at night, and the sound of the moon reaches the curtain. " (The Prayer of Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Ten Kingdoms)
"The alleys in autumn are clean, the lights are white, and the hall is cool at night. No one will know about it, and the whole city will be drunk. " (Lin Jingxi's Nightmare)
4.goose
It is said that Hongyan can deliver books. Li Yu said in Qingpingle: "Wild geese come without evidence." In spring, geese fly from the south to the north. When the hero saw the geese flying south, he suddenly gave birth to a glimmer of hope. Maybe these geese will bring news from the south of the country. But after waiting for a long time, the geese flew by and there was no news, leaving only deeper disappointment.
In the ancient culture of China, the image of the wild goose is often extended to the corresponding images such as "array", "goose sequence" and "flying geese", emphasizing the significance of the group and * * * Qi Fei.
"Goose coming": refers to the geese coming in sequence. In the Book of Songs, when Zheng Fengshu went to the field, there was a poem "Two clothes on board, a wild goose flying together".
Preface to Wild Goose: Preface to Flying Goose. Du Fu's poem "Tianchi": "Autumn geese preface, Wan Li fish school" is even more used to describe brothers.
There is also "strict array": the formation of geese in flight. Jiao Yanshou's "Lin Yi Er Fu Wind" in Han Dynasty: "Nine geese array, and the females are not alone." These poems all emphasize the relationship between geese and geese. The so-called "broken rainbow" is a lonely goose alone. There is a saying in Liu Yong's "Music of Music Collection": "Let's weep.
5.azaleas
Also known as Du Yu, Zigui and Shu Bird, it is said that Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul turned into a cuckoo.