-appreciation of reciting ancient poems (part two)
Wang chuanxue
Since the autumn wind, the weather has turned cold, autumn is getting stronger, and cicada singing changes with the seasons, from high and clear in summer to low and sad.
Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote The First Smell of Autumn Wind, telling the four seasons with cicadas.
I said goodbye to you last year, and this year I heard cicada call me back.
It's windy on the pillow, and the mirror changes in a year.
The horse misses the grass around him, his hair is shaking, and the eagle's eyes are wide open.
Gao Qiu Shuangqi is just right. I hold a high platform for you.
The first couplet of the poem, "I saw you farewell, but now I am back after listening to Xuanchan", creatively created a knowledgeable and affectionate image-"I", which is the symbol of "autumn wind" in the poem title. When she returned to the world, she went to look for her long-lost "gentleman"-the poet. She fondly recalled the moment when she watched Huang Ju and said goodbye to the poet last year, but at this moment, when she heard Qiu Chan's singing, she returned to the poet's side. Here, the poet uses anthropomorphic techniques to draw ink from the other side, vividly creating a wonderful and emotional artistic conception. According to the Book of Rites and the Moon Order, chrysanthemums should be in the autumn, that is, when Qiu Lai comes in winter; Cicada sang in Qiu Meng, which was in late summer in Qiu Lai. "Looking at Huang Ju" and "Listening to Xuanchan" vividly and accurately understand the season when the autumn wind goes away and returns.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the first cicada song became the message that autumn was coming. The famous Kou Zhun wrote a poem "New Cicada":
Silent palace pagoda, the rain is clear at first sight,
The setting sun shone on the high branches.
Suddenly, I feel sad about autumn in the breeze.
Listen to the new cicada singing alone.
In this poem, the cicada's voice is used to allude to autumn in time series, and it is also used by poets as the information that autumn is coming. Loneliness and sadness about autumn seem to add a little emotion to the poet in this cicada singing.
Kou Zhun and Zhang Lei, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, chanted Qiu Chan together. He sang in the poem Bibi:
The blue sky is far away and autumn is full.
It's sunny in the afternoon under the boudoir eaves.
The old man fell asleep and sat down.
I heard the first sound of a new cicada for the first time.
One afternoon in early autumn, the blue sky was washed, and some cool breeze blew from time to time outside the window. After lunch, the poet took a nap. I woke up, yawned, sat quietly indoors, and suddenly heard cicadas chirping in the trees outside the window, so I suddenly felt that autumn was coming, so I sang this little poem casually.
Among the ancient poems, there are many poems that feel autumn because of cicadas, such as:
In the woods of Qiu Chan, the mysterious bird died peacefully? (A blackbird is a swallow)
("Nineteen Ancient Poems, Moonlight Night Lights" Eastern Han Dynasty)
When cicadas sing cold, it is autumn in bloom.
? (gold? Pan Yue's two works in Heyang County)
Cicadas don't cry, geese sing in the sky.
(gold? Tao Yuanming's "September 9th")
Zhang You, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, wrote "Late Cicada in the Cold Tree";
Cry for willows, and the new moon blows phoenix trees.
Ye Jiong is hard to fly and his branches are empty.
After the sound is sparse, the singing is absolutely broken.
Also because of shaking, lonely autumn wind.
The north wind is blowing, the leaves of Chinese parasol trees rustle, and the cold mood makes noise in Yang Liuzhi. Leaves rustle, branches rustle, cicadas disappear in the clear dew. Only the cold autumn wind in the forest sings an elegy for it. This poem outlines the tragic scene of loneliness in Qiu Chan after the north wind blows, and secretly allegorizes the frustration of the poor.
The hiss of cicadas in Gao Fu Liu Ming Chan written by Wang Youli, a poet of Sui Dynasty, is frightening;
The willow in the garden is cool, and the cicada should be surprised and orderly.
The dew is constantly wet, and the wind is high and the wings are light.
Leaves fly more smoothly and autumn is clear.
There was something in the branches, and then it became Cai Qin's voice.
On the willow branches devastated by the cold wind, there was a chilling scream, which made people feel palpitation. The panic caused by the coolness of time series changes was rendered so vividly.
In order to enhance the expressive effect of poetry, poets often use cicadas to render the cold atmosphere and paint a sad and gloomy picture for people.
Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Gongbeiqiu Jixing Cui Mingyun":
The white dew is full of phoenix trees, and cicadas cry at night.
The autumn wind moves Wan Li, and the setting sun is yellow.
The buttonwood trees are covered with white dew, and cicadas sing day and night. Autumn wind, blowing Wan Li vegetation; The autumn wind is very strong, so when it blows, plants and trees near and far are shaking. After sunset, the fields are quiet and empty, so Huang Yun is particularly high. Autumn scenery was vividly described in the poem, and he hurried by at dusk in the wilderness.
Look at Huang Tao's Autumn Night in the Mountains again;
I searched everywhere, and I looked at it in embarrassment.
Lonely smoke worries about the setting sun, and high trees are ill with the west wind.
The silence of the mountains and the sound of firewood reveal the coldness and poverty.
At this time, foreign affairs, humor with several people.
In the poem, cicadas are placed in solitary smoke, tall trees, isolated mountains, westerly winds and cool dew, which together form a group image of sad autumn. In the bleak environment of everything, with the sound of firewood and cicada singing, it is self-evident that cicada's "poverty" is in harmony with human's "humor" (silence), and it is also self-evident that people's "embarrassment" is expected to face the bleak with a kind of "worry" and a kind of "illness".
Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, used cicadas to render a sad atmosphere in "Qin sent his master to a distant place".
I wanted to live in the mountains for a long time, but I didn't have the money to travel hard.
It is not my will to stay in Chang 'an. My heart for Lindong School will miss my teacher.
Gold burns like firewood, and ambition fades.
The evening breeze blows a bleak breeze, and the cicada sounds melancholy.
A man from afar is a poet's title of respect for a monk named Yuan. Send poems together, mainly to tell their own poverty. If you can't find a formal job, you have to go to the countryside to support the elderly, but you are worried that you can't run three ways.
The first couplet tells about his desire to live in seclusion and his difficulties in not living in seclusion; Zhuan Xu wrote that he went north against his will to seek an official, enviing people who jumped out of the world. The situation of being trapped in Chang 'an, described by the neck tie, has been declining year by year. The tail couplet describes dusk, autumn wind and cicada singing, which is a bleak scene, highlighting the guests' depression. The whole poem reflects the poet's difficult situation and disappointment with his official career at that time. The gift is a form, and it is true to express his unfortunate feelings.
"It's cold in Mufeng tonight, and cicadas are singing, which weighs on my heart." In the sentence, "cool wind" and "cicada singing" show the bleak scene of autumn, which is just the title of "feeling autumn". The cool breeze is rustling and cicadas are hissing, which makes people feel sad easily. In addition, the poet lives in the northern soil, and his travel situation is difficult. He is frustrated in officialdom and has no recourse. How can we not be "blinded by profit"?
The Tang Dynasty poet Yao He's "Smelling cicadas and sending them to Jia Dao" lamented his life experience with Qiu Chan's bitter songs.
Qiu Lai's songs are more bitter, half swallowing and half drifting.
Zen guests should be confused, and those who worry are willing to be deaf.
On rainy and sunny days in the trees, at night in the ancient city.
It's hard to think far. Who should be with me?
Jia Dao was born in poverty in his early years and became a monk. After returning to the secular world, he repeatedly cited scholars who were not the first, but his career was not smooth and he experienced many difficulties. Writing poems makes the world famous. Yao He and Jia Dao are good friends. When Qiu Lai heard cicadas singing in the autumn wind, the situation became worse and worse. When he thought of his friend in trouble, he couldn't help sending out a sincere concern. "It's hard to think, who should accompany me" expresses my deep nostalgia for my friends.
Xu Yin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem Cicada.
Han Ningming is like other insects.
Wear wings and temples, how can you be poor?
Shelling has changed since then,
What was the sad sound last year?
Expose yourself to the hedge chrysanthemum,
At dusk, Sophora leaves fall with the wind.
Since then, he has been the most shocking guest.
Count where you live and turn to the canopy.
At the beginning of this poem, the difference between cicadas and other insects is written from two aspects: sound and shape. Especially in the cold autumn, its singing is more sad, but it still shows elegant demeanor. In contrast, Zhulian describes the past and present changes of cicadas from two aspects: sound and shape. The beautiful figure turned into cicada, and the high-pitched song turned into lament, which reflected the poet's sense of vicissitudes. The necklace couplet is written with a chilling and mournful sound. The change of natural scenery promotes cold flowering in the morning and defoliation in the evening. How can it not make people deeply moved? Therefore, the natural transition to the tail link is the crowning touch. It can be said that all the previous descriptions and narratives were paved with these two sentences. After listening to the cicada's cold songs and watching the cicada's degeneration, what impressed me most was "Fu Ke" (author). Touched by the scene, the poet was shocked by his wandering life experience, and the past was unbearable and the future was bleak.
Liu Kezhuang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in "Ten Unique Drinks on March 25th" (Part VII):
In the setting sun, I left my blue silk and stone servants, but I didn't see the strange chapter Zandi.
Why does Yong Men play a song? Cicada's voice is extremely sad.
Zizhou was playing the piano and drumming during the Warring States Period. He told the story of the king of Chu vertically and the story of the king of Qin horizontally, and he had to report it to Xue (the fief). Hearing this, Meng Changjun burst into tears and said, "Mr. Guqin made Wen () stand like a man who ruined the country and the city." Later, because "Qin" refers to a sad tune. Here, the poet mentioned "Qin" and cicada's voice, and predicted his bleak future and ominous prediction. Chu and Qin will retaliate against Xue. Meng Changjun's sense of "national subjugation and extinction" when he heard the piano set off the sad mood when he heard the cicada singing, which made people shudder.
The silence in Lin Yuling by Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, rendered a strong atmosphere of parting.
The cicadas in autumn are so sad and urgent, facing the pavilion, it is in the evening and a sudden rain has just stopped. Farewell outside Kyoto, but not in the mood to drink, reluctant to leave, the people on board have been urging to start. Holding hands and looking at tears, I was speechless. Thinking about thinking, thousands of miles of smoke, dusk sank into ChuTiankuo.
Affectionate feelings have been hurt since ancient times, and the autumn season is even more worthy of being left out! Who knows where I am when I am awake tonight? Fear is just the edge, facing the sad morning wind and the setting sun of the waning moon. This is a long time, people who love each other are not together, and I even expect to be satisfied with the good weather and scenery in name only. There are many kinds of customs, who are you talking to?
The first paragraph of the word is about a couple's farewell dinner Write the first three sentences about another time, and point out the place and order of the festivals. However, the poet did not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere, he integrated his feelings into the scenery and concealed different meanings. In autumn, the scenery is bleak; And the value of the day is late, and the twilight is gloomy; After the rainstorm, it was followed by chilling and sadness: what the poet saw and heard was bleak everywhere. In addition, the syntactic structure of the sentence "Late in Changting" is one, two and one, which is extremely frustrating and swallowing, and more accurately conveys this bleak situation.
The first sentence of the word is "cold and sad", which makes the parting atmosphere of "sentimental and sad since ancient times, snubbing the clear autumn festival" rich and sad.
Of course, the poet's environment and mentality are different, and the mood of hearing cicadas is different.
Lodi Walking on the Moon written by Shangguan Yi, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, expresses cheerful modality by singing cicadas.
The pulse of Guang Chuan flows, driving horses across Changzhou.
Magpies fly over the mountains and the moon, and cicadas sing noisily.
This poem is what the poet felt when he was waiting to appear in court outside Luoyang Imperial City, the eastern capital. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, officials arrived in the early dynasty and had no place to rest. They must wait outside the imperial city before dawn. The capital of Luoyang is the Imperial City, near Luoshui, with Tianjin Bridge outside the city gate. It was forbidden in the imperial palace in the Tang Dynasty that Tianjin Bridge locked the lock at night and cut off the traffic until dawn. Therefore, all the officials in the early dynasty were waiting to enter the palace across the water on the landing under the bridge, and so was the prime minister. However, the prime minister is, after all, the head of a hundred officials. Although there are cases waiting for Lottie, his style is not as good as that of other officials.
The first two sentences of the poem are about horses being driven outside the imperial city and waiting along Roddy. Marlotti, who writes and drives, uses the word "calendar" to show a leisurely calmness. The last two sentences describe the waiting environment of the poet, including flying magpies, the moon before dawn, cicadas singing and autumn wind. Seeing the dawn, the magpie flew to report the good news, and seeing that the world was peaceful, the poet's joy was self-evident; It also reveals the boldness of vision of ruling the world.
In addition, the Tang Dynasty poet Tao Yong once said, "The cicadas in the high trees are worried not only for me, but also for you. When you have nothing to do, it seems that you don't smell it when you smell it "("Cicada "). Zhu Shouxin, a poet in the Qing Dynasty," hides the leaves in the deep forest and sings while you can. The elevator in the distance of so hard to forget, drinking dew and clearing the heart "("Chanting Cicada ") is also a good sentence to express love through cicadas, and each sentence has its own hope. The Southern Dynasty poet Zhang said that "the wind is high, the sound is urgent, and the trees are near" ("Poems for Liu Yingheng"), while the Tang Dynasty poet said that "chrysanthemums are exposed in the morning, and Sophora leaves fall in the wind" ("Walking in the Early Autumn"), although improvisational, also has a fresh and unique interest.
In the poet's works, cicadas also have many cultural meanings. "I lean on my staff at the door of Mao, and listen to cicadas in the evening breeze" (Tang's "Book of Wangchuan's Other Business"), "The cicada forest is quieter and the ventilated mountain is more secluded" (Tang's "If you are in the West") expresses the feelings of hermits; "The bright moon surprises magpies, and the breeze crows in the middle of the night" (Xijiang Moon by Song Xin Qi Ji? Take the yellow sand road on a moonlit night.
In a word, cicada, an ordinary insect, has been endowed with rich cultural connotations, and has become a carrier for people to express their feelings after literati "see things from themselves". Reading the poems of chanting cicadas with different images, enthusiastic people may find their own embodiment, and there are endless regrets!