Guzheng, also known as Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng and Luan Zheng, is a traditional national musical instrument in China, belonging to plucked instruments. It is one of the important national musical instruments unique to China. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, rich playing skills and strong expressive force, so it is deeply loved by the broad masses of the people.
Now there are also small guzheng, portable guzheng, mini guzheng, semi-guzheng, new guzheng and twelve-tone guzheng. Guzheng is an ancient national musical instrument, which was born and raised in this fertile yellow land with the long culture of China. The structure consists of panel, wild goose column (also called Qin code in some areas), strings, front Yueshan, string nails, tuning box, piano feet, back Yueshan, side plates, sound holes, bottom plate and string holes.
The appearance of the guzheng is a rectangular wooden sound box, and the string frame "Zheng column" (that is, wild goose column) can move freely, and five sounds are arranged in one string. At the earliest, there were 25-string guzheng (divided into guzheng), which was 13 in Tang and Song Dynasties, and then increased to 16, 18 and 2 1 string. The most commonly used specification at present is 2 1 string.
Generally, the models of guzheng are preceded by S 163-2 1, where S stands for the S-shaped Moon Mountain, which is Wang Xunzhi and Miao Jinlin * * *, 163 stands for the length of guzheng, and 2 1 stands for the number of strings of guzheng.
The traditional playing method of guzheng is to pluck the strings with the four fingers of the right hand, namely, the big finger, the middle finger and the ring finger, so as to play the melody and master the rhythm. The left-handed playing method is also to adapt to the tension of strings and control the changes of chords to adjust the pitch and improve the melody. There are many fingerings of the Zheng, such as hook, grip, split, pick, wipe, pluck, beat, shake and pinch. Right hand, left hand press, slide, rub and shake. ?
Traditional guzheng playing techniques have made a new breakthrough in modern times. 1953 The Year of the Breeze, written by Mr. Zhao Yuzhai, liberated the left hand, used polyphony in the tune, and adopted the technique of alternating left and right hands and playing multiple voices, which greatly enriched the playing techniques and made a breakthrough in guzheng playing technology.
Guzheng is divided into four groups. Treble 1, treble 12356, alto 12356(do re mi sol la), bass 12356, bass 12356.
When there are 4(fa) or 7(si) notes in the music, you can only press 3 or 6 strings on the left string section of the Zheng code with your left hand to increase its tension. The specific method of playing four tones is to press three strings at a distance of about 1 decimeter from the Zheng code, and then play this string with your right hand to play four tones. Similarly, when playing 7 notes, you can also press the 6-note string on the left side of the Zheng code with your left hand.
Zheng is often used for solo, duet, instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of song and dance, opera and Quyi. Because of its wide range and beautiful timbre, it is called "the king of all kinds of music" and "Oriental piano".
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Tone accuracy is one of the most important links in learning guzheng performance. On the one hand, beginners need to receive strict auditory training, be able to accurately sing and listen to the pentatonic and heptatonic tones of various tones, and at the same time, they need to study the tuning methods of guzheng hard, so as to gradually tune accurately. Here, take the S-shaped 2 1 string guzheng as an example:
(1) According to the string order, find the eighth colored string, use the standard pronunciation device and a group of small a 1 tones as the standard tones, and adjust the tones through the wrench and chord axis, that is, the five tones in the simple D key.
You can also adjust the chord tone by moving the Zheng code in the direction of Moon Mountain to improve the tone and moving the Zheng code in the opposite direction to reduce the tone. However, when shifting gears, the piano code should avoid direct friction with the panel, otherwise it will cause the foot of the code to be unstable and affect the intonation.
(2) According to the string order, the octave chord with the same name as a 1 is determined on thirteen colored strings, which is also the five notes in the D-note.
(3) Sing the fourth note 1 from the fifth note, and set the notes of d 1 on the eleventh string according to the string order, that is, the notes of 1 in the simple note D.
(4) According to the string order, determine the rising fifth note 2 among the five notes on the tenth string, which is also the two notes in the D key of the simple spectrum.
(5) According to the string order, determine the rising second key 6 of the five notes on the twelfth string, which is also the six notes in the D key of the simple spectrum.
(6) According to the string order, determine the fifth rising note 3 among the six notes on the ninth string, which is also the three notes in the D key of the simple spectrum.
(7) Repeatedly sing and listen to the pentatonic scale "5 6 1 2 3 5" or "5 3 2 1 6 5" to adjust the interval relationship between intervals.
(8) Using the octave cycle tuning method, the chords of the treble group, bass group and bass group in the fifth note of D are called out.
When tuning, the resolution of intervals depends on the keen hearing of the ear. When tuning a string, you must wait until the aftersound of one tone is over before playing the second tone. For octave 5-5, when it is determined that 5 is a 1, after playing 5 notes, wait for the lingering sound to disappear, and then play 5 notes higher by octave. If the residual sounds of two notes are relatively consistent, they will be considered accurate.
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