See the peak on the side of the ridge in the original poem, and the distance is different. I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
Philosophers observe things from different positions and angles and come to different conclusions. Only when people get rid of subjective and objective limitations, stay out of Lushan Mountain and have foresight can they really see the true face of Lushan Mountain. To understand the essence of things, we must observe them from all angles, both objectively and comprehensively.
Watching the topic and praying for rain (Tang)
In the original poem, the mulberry leaves are leafless and smoky, and Xiaoguan Yinglong Water Temple. Zhumen indulged in singing and dancing in several places, fearing that the sound of spring would swallow the strings.
Qin Shi (Song Sushi)
If the original poem says there is a piano sound, why not put it in the box? If the piano sounds from your hands, why can't you hear the sound?
Music with wonderful philosophy is an organic whole, which is composed of several parts and elements that influence and restrict each other. In music and piano sound, fingers, piano, players' thoughts and feelings, playing skills and other parts and elements are interdependent and indispensable, influencing and restricting each other, and there is a close relationship. According to materialist dialectics, the fundamental content of universal connection is the connection between the parties to the internal contradictions of things and between things. So what this song reveals is the contradictory relationship between piano, fingers and piano sound. If the players are included, then the relationship between the players' thoughts, feelings and skills and the piano and fingers can be regarded as the relationship between the internal contradictions (internal causes) and external contradictions (external causes) of things. The former is the basis of music production, and the latter is the condition of music production, both of which are indispensable.
The title play is six quatrains (1) (Du Fu in Tang Dynasty)
The original poem Yu Xin's article is older and more mature, and Ling's brushwork is vertical and horizontal. People today laugh at him and blame his works. If Yu Xin is still alive, I'm afraid he will really regard you as an afterlife.
Philosophy (1) From the point of view of universal connection, everything is a process of continuous development. Without the analysis of historical connection, we can not only correctly understand yesterday's history, but also correctly understand today's right and wrong. Cutting off history, denying contact, blindly laughing at tradition and denying predecessors will inevitably lead to national nihilism.
(2) Looking at problems from a developmental perspective, we should regard things as a process of change and development. To study any one of me, we can't cut off history, let alone deny yesterday's naivety with today's maturity. We should adopt a historical attitude towards our predecessors, and we should not look at and measure the past with today's rampant irrigation and standards, let alone demand the ancients.
(3) From the viewpoint of combining two-point theory with key theory, on the one hand, we should correctly analyze and distinguish the achievements and defects of predecessors, right and wrong, essence and dross. On the other hand, it is necessary to further distinguish between the main aspects of contradictions and the secondary aspects of contradictions.
Eight arrays (Tang Du Fu)
The divided three countries are bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his reputation. The stone doesn't turn, which means that he has never conquered Wu.
Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that everything has its whole and part (whole and part), which are both different and related. First of all, the whole and the part are interdependent and inseparable. Secondly, they influence and restrict each other. Under certain conditions, the key part can even play a decisive role in the overall situation and the whole. Zhuge Liang's painstaking efforts and clever arrangement of the Eight Arrays for many years are all for an overall strategic goal-"swallowing Wu", while Liu Bei's revenge is a partial and small goal. Only by focusing on the whole and coordinating the overall situation can we choose the best scheme and achieve the greatest goal. On the spur of the moment, Liu Bei only focused on the part and launched an attack rashly. As a result, it not only failed partially, but also fundamentally destroyed the strategic overall situation painstakingly planned by Zhuge Liang, making the plan of "swallowing Wu" a bubble. This poem shows the posterity with vivid historical facts how important it is to establish the overall concept and obey the overall situation partially.
Reflections on Reading (Song Zhuxi)
As soon as the pond, which was originally half an acre square, was opened, the sky and clouds lingered. As clear as water? Because there is inexhaustible living water for it.
Philosophy takes the pond as a metaphor, explaining that the method of learning is to accumulate and absorb new nutrients. Everything is moving, changing and developing, and everything can maintain its existence only in movement. It is this uninterrupted movement, change and development that makes things exist in constant self-renewal. Once this movement stops, things can't exist. If there is no constant renewal and accumulation of knowledge, one's knowledge will become a stagnant pool, lifeless and without progress. Learning is like this, and so is doing other things.
Topic grass (Tang Bai Juyi)
The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season. Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it. Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey. I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
Philosophy shows that everything in the world moves, changes and develops, and this kind of movement, change and development has its basic order and law. Law is objective, and its existence and function are independent of human will. Materialist dialectics holds that the general trend of the development of things is forward, and new things will surely overcome old things. This poem is often used as a metaphor for the strength and vitality of new things. Although it's freezing, wildfires start a prairie fire, and the power of old things can be described as tyrannical, it can't change the objective laws. Under the spring breeze, new things are thriving and full of vitality.
Third, adhere to the contradiction analysis method.
The topic is Xing (Fugu)
In the original poem, gold has no sufficient color, and white jade has slight defects. Ask for help, but don't be prepared. I want to go to your house.
Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that everything in the world contains two aspects, both opposition and unity. Therefore, in order to truly reflect the true nature of things, we must adhere to the dichotomy and two-point theory and look at the problem comprehensively. We should divide people, things and ourselves into two parts. If you blindly blame perfection, you will make a one-sided and absolute mistake.
Xue Mei (Meipo, Song Lu)
Original poem: Xue Mei didn't want to give up for the sake of spring, and the poet pavilion paid the evaluation fee. Mei Xu Xun and Xu Xue are three points white, but the snow has lost a piece of Mei Xiang.
Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that things in the world are so different because they all have their own special contradictions, and this special contradiction of truth stipulates the special essence of one thing that distinguishes it from other things. This poem profoundly explains that everything has its own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses. Without the concrete analysis of the particularity of contradiction, people can't distinguish right from wrong, let alone correctly understand things.
Topic Hui Chong Chunjiang Xiaojing (Song Sushi)
There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and there are duck prophets in the spring water heating. The withered reed buds are very short, just as the river is about to rise.
Philosophical materialist dialectics holds that generality (universality of contradiction) always exists in individuals (particularity of individuality and contradiction) and is expressed through individuals. The arrival of spring is expressed through these special and individual things. Without these wonderful pictures, spring is impossible
Fourth, correctly understand the cause, state and trend of things.
Lingxiao hangs on the holly tree, and the five-year-old flowers will not wither. Everything has roots, and in the end it won't give birth to any bean sprouts.
The internal cause of philosophy is the basis of the development of things.
Chibi (Tang Dumu)
The original text of the poem has been smashed to pieces and washed beyond recognition by the previous dynasty. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.
The internal cause of philosophy is the basis of the development of things, and the external cause is the condition of the development of things. External factors play a very important role in the development of things under certain conditions. Without certain conditions, even a hero cannot succeed.
Topic Ant (Tang)
Although the original poem is skillful, the years are also a disaster. Work leaks through rivers and oceans, eroding trapped whales. Dare to fear the beam and hide the column. All is not light who keeps his word.
Through the great harm caused by small ants, this philosophical poem shows that the accumulation of quantity can cause qualitative change, and the levee of a thousand miles is destroyed in the ant nest, warning people not to despise small changes and even lead to catastrophe.
Reading Biography of Chen Fan (Song Yang Wanli)
In the original poem, it is also the strong who talk loudly and feel sad when embarrassed. One room for white education, why sweep the world?
Philosophy starts from the method of contradiction analysis, and Chen Fan doesn't know how to analyze specific problems. The contradictions of things are different, and the methods to solve them cannot be the same. Contradictions of different natures can only be solved by different qualitative methods. Trying to solve different contradictions with one model, recklessness and recklessness are doomed to failure. Chen Fan has more ideas than strategies, and even things fail.
Judging from the relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change, Chen Fan didn't understand that the development of anything must start with quantitative change. The lofty ideals and lofty goals can only be realized by combining them with the spirit of down-to-earth and hard struggle. Fan Chen doesn't sweep a room, how can he talk about his ambition of "sweeping the world"?
Title Komatsu (Don Du Xunhe)
The original text of the poem has been deeply rooted in the grass since childhood, but now it is gradually emerging. Those trees that don't recognize that they can soar into the sky, until it enters the sky, people say it is tall.
This philosophical poem is rambling and profound. Komatsu has just been unearthed, so small that it is buried in deep grass, but it does not show weakness and grows gradually, which is incomparable to those grasses. People often ignore and don't know the great development prospect that Komatsu will grow into a tree of Lingyun. When the pine tree really grows into the sky, it will praise its height. When the big pine tree "Lingyun" has become a reality, it doesn't mean that you have the vision to praise their height. But when Komatsu is as small as grass, it is insightful and meaningful to recognize and foresee its future and trend and create conditions for its growth with cultivation and care. What is lacking in many days is the word "knowledge". The author warns people to be good at discovering and identifying talents, and to pay attention to, care for and cultivate promising talents as soon as possible so that they can become talents as soon as possible.
From a philosophical point of view, Komatsu's growth can also be compared to the process of new things growing. The growth of all new things has to go through a process from small to large, from weak to strong, from imperfect to relatively perfect. When it first appeared, it was always weak, unable to fully possess and give full play to its advantages, and often even plain and naive. However, because it conforms to the objective law and replaces the development direction of things, it has strong vitality and broad development prospects. "The future is bright and the road is tortuous" is the road for the development of all new things. Under the guidance of materialist dialectics, we should discover it in time, foresee its great development prospect, actively support it and promote its rapid growth and expansion.
Is it worthwhile to go to the park?
The original poem should be the pity of fangs and moss, but Chai Fei refused to leave for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall.
Philosophy Any new thing with strong vitality can't be imprisoned under any circumstances.
Five, understand the essence through the phenomenon
Talking about the topic (Tang Bai Juyi)
The original poem is true and false, and nothing has happened since ancient times. Only joy Zangsheng can deceive the sage, how can we know that Ning has seen through the play?
Fireflies have light, not real fire. Although the dew on the lotus leaf is round, it is a natural pearl? What a pity not to take the burnt firewood!
The philosophical poem raises a thought-provoking question: Things are changing rapidly, is it true or not, when can it be made clear, and what is not the case throughout the ages? People must know the essence of things that are similar in appearance and difficult to distinguish between true and false through phenomena, and distinguish their authenticity; With all kinds of appropriate metaphors, people can distinguish between true and false and understand the essence of things through analysis and comparison.
Title: Ode to Historical Poems (Tang)
The original poem is still presented in cassock, so it should be pity. I don't know the world, but I still look at it with cloth.
The first two sentences of this philosophical poem affirm JOE's pity for the cold and his nostalgia for the past, while the last two sentences take advantage of the topic to satirize JOE's only pity for the cold and lack of knowledge. It is also a kind of irony to judge people only by their looks and clothes.
Phenomenon is the surface feature of things and the external connection of things, which can be directly perceived by human senses. The essence of things is the internal connection of things and the fundamental nature of things, which can only be grasped by human rational thinking. The fundamental task of cognition is to know the essence through phenomena and move from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. It is precisely because JOE's understanding has not reached such a level and hunger that it is impossible to attach importance to it and entrust it with an important task. This is the understanding of everything.
Ancient Wayan (Song Ouyang Xiu)
If gold is not a treasure, isn't jade a strong one? It is better to use it as ink than gravel.
Philosophical value refers to the satisfaction of objective things to human needs, that is, their usefulness to people. The higher the usefulness, the greater the value; Conversely, the smaller the value. However, people's needs are concrete and complex, not only in many aspects and levels, but also constantly changing and developing. The meaning and value of things to people are conditional and changeable. As the poem says, if it is used to "send ink", the value of tile inkstone is irreplaceable. Whether a person has value to society, or the size of value, is also multi-faceted and multi-level. Whether they are working, farming, joining the army, or experts and scholars in a certain field, they can make contributions to the country and society from a certain aspect, meet the needs of society, and thus realize their own life value.
The title of the book is History of Xi (Luo Yin)
Why do Wu people complain about history when the country rises and falls? If history overthrew the State of Wu, who would be the dead of the State of Yue?
The people of the State of Wu all believe that the reason for the demise of the State of Wu is that the prince of Wu loves his daughter and the root is the surname, which is a traditional concept and understanding of superficial phenomena of things.
Philosophical epistemology tells us that the fundamental task of cognition is to grasp the essence and law of things through phenomena, and to rise from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, rather than staying on the phenomenon of things. From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, on the one hand, we need to have very rich and practical perceptual materials, on the other hand, we need to process and make perceptual materials with scientific thinking methods, "removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, from this to that, from the outside to the inside."
Through in-depth thinking, the poet analyzed the essence of Wu's demise, and thought that Wu's demise had its profound reasons, which should not be attributed to Shi himself. If it is the chief culprit in subverting the State of Wu, then the King of Yue does not love women, and who is to blame for the demise of the State of Yue?
Book title "Reading to Children in Winter Night" Lu You
The ancients knew nothing about the original poems, and it took a long time to become young. What you get on paper is so shallow that you never know what you have to do.
Philosophy contains profound philosophy: direct experience and indirect experience are two ways for people to acquire knowledge.
It is very necessary to draw nutrition from books and learn the knowledge and skills of predecessors. It is an important aspect for people to master and accumulate knowledge, that is, to form indirect experience. Direct experience is another important way to acquire knowledge, and it is very necessary to know directly from practice. In addition, only in practice can indirect experience be used, tested and developed. If you just "don't listen to things outside the window, you must read the book of sages", don't participate in social practice, and don't touch the broad social life, then his understanding will always be "shallow"; Only by "practice" and turning book knowledge into practical knowledge can we play a guiding role in practice and realize the second leap in understanding.