Jueju
Dutangmi
It's beautiful when the sun sets, and flowers and plants are fragrant in spring.
Mud melts and swallows, sand warms sleep.
[Notes]
1. Evening: Spring is getting longer and longer, so it's late.
2. Mud melting: This means that the soil is wet.
3. Yuanyang: A waterfowl, male and female live in pairs by the water.
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach. Du Fu's "Five Wonders", with four sentences in pairs, is as simple as words, so some people think that it is no different from child's play in pairs (see Record of He Lin Yu). Wang Sishuang, a member of Amin Dynasty, retorted in Du Yi: "Yu Yue said: The first two sentences (referring to heaven and earth) are not doing business properly, and the last two sentences are not suitable for seeing everything. Isn't it enough to feel the joy in my heart? " Wang's opinion is right. This poem captures the characteristics of scenery to write the scenery of spring. The picture is beautiful and the style is soft, which can arouse readers' love for spring. "Evening Day" comes from the Book of Songs in July: "Spring comes late." In spring, the sunshine time is getting longer and longer, and the weather is getting warmer and warmer. As the saying goes, "The early days are getting warmer and longer" (Ouyang Jiong's Good Spring). The poet begins the whole article with "sunset glow", which highlights the characteristics of sunny spring and flourishing everything, and organically combines the images and images described in the poem to form a bright and harmonious spring color picture. You see: the sun shines, the water is clear and the mountains are green, the vegetation is reviving, and everything is reviving. The breeze brings the freshness of flowers and spring grass. On the beach, by the stream, the ice and snow melt, the soil is wet and soft, swallows fly around lightly, holding the soil to build their nests, but muttering to themselves. Warm water and warm sand, beautiful and affectionate mandarin ducks embrace each other and sleep, which is very charming and lovely. Swallow is a kind of migratory bird, and the poet described it as deliberately highlighting the characteristics of spring. The first two sentences "Sunset", "Jiangshan", "Spring Breeze" and "Flowers and Plants" constitute a big scene outlined in bold lines, and the end of the sentence highlights the poet's strong feelings with "beauty" and "fragrance". The last two sentences are detailed pictures, which are not only dynamic descriptions of swallows flying, but also static portrayal of Yuanyang sleeping. The busyness of swallows contains the vitality of spring, and the leisure of Yuanyang reveals the gentleness and quiet movement of spring, which set each other off and become interesting. And all this is bathed in warm sunshine, harmonious and beautiful, which really gives people a feeling of spring. Tao Yu, a Qing Dynasty man, said that Du Fu's brushwork was exquisite and he could "paint with poetry" (saying Du Fu). This poem can prove it. But the beauty of this five-element poem is not limited to "painting with poetry", and the poet deliberately conveys the soft spring he feels. If late spring, beautiful scenery, breeze, flowers, swallows and mandarin ducks are all felt by poets with vision, touch (wind) and smell, then the "melting" of soil and the "warmth" of gravel are not the direct feelings of the five senses. It is precisely because of the sunny spring, beautiful wind and fragrant flowers that the poet can imagine the looseness of the soil and the warmth of the gravel without touching it; The melting of mud and the warm experience of sand have deepened the lightness and casual visual impression of Feiyan, and immersed the poet's whole body and mind in a soft, harmonious and spring atmosphere. After reading this poem repeatedly, you will also feel that spring is not intoxicating and everyone is intoxicated. The success of this poem lies not only in the author's good observation of things, but also in the author's good observation of things. His predecessor was Du Fu's poem "How Different from Children". It is nothing more than mocking its simple language and not trying to chase monsters. As everyone knows, this is where the skill is brilliant. Zhou Zizhi's Zhu Po Shi Hua said: "It seems that writing a poem to Pingyuan is beyond your ability." Su Shi also said, "If you are old and familiar, it will be dull." It is most appropriate to use these two sentences to evaluate Du Fu's five poems.
Jueju
Du Fu
Later that day, Jiang,
Spring breeze smells of flowers and plants.
Muddy swallows,
Sleeping mandarin ducks on the warm beach.
Poetry Note ① Evening Day: From the Spring Festival Evening in The Book of Songs, Wind and July. It's too late because spring is getting longer. ② Mud removal: This means that the soil is moist.
Poetry appreciation
In July 759, Du Fu went through many hardships from Huazhou to Qin Zhou and Tonggu, arrived in Chengdu at the end of this year, and built a thatched cottage in the western suburbs of Chengdu. Since then, he has been living as a guest and wandering in the last stage of his life. When I first settled in Chengdu Caotang, I entered a temporary period of security from the chaotic life of "working four times a year" and "three years of famine mountain", and I felt a relaxed, comfortable and pleasant feeling inside. This little poem was written in this period. The whole poem is very poetic, with distinct artistic conception and fresh style.
The first sentence focuses on the big picture and melts feelings into the landscape. Sunset is about sunshine, Jiangshan is about the mountains and rivers around Huanhuaxi, and the word "Li" depicts the bright and mild sunshine shining on the earth, and the green fields and streams reflect the early spring sunshine. This opens a bright and open background for the spring scenery of the whole poem, which is full of comfortable and pleasant feelings. The second sentence enlarges and locks in the unique images of spring-warm "spring breeze", the first blooming "hundred flowers", lush "fragrant grass" and rich flowers and plants "fragrance", which further shows the beautiful spring scenery, giving people the feeling of calm, flowers competing for "noisy" branches and the wind sending ten miles of flowers, making the picture of spring more detailed.
From far to near, the first two sentences describe the beautiful picture of spring and show the rhythm of spring. The last two sentences choose the typical spring things-swallows and Yuanyang, which show the vitality and dynamic combination of spring.
The third sentence, outline the moving scene. Bloom is warm in spring, the mud melts, and the soil is moist. Swallows returning from autumn to spring are busy flying around, building nests with mud, which makes spring suddenly full of vitality. "Mud Melting" closely follows the first sentence: Spring returns to the earth and the sun is shining. The fourth sentence describes a static scene. Spring is warm and sunny. Yuanyang should also enjoy the warmth of spring and still sleep on the sandbar by the stream. This sentence not only takes care of the "late day", but also writes about the leisurely adaptation of Yuanyang. These two sentences "fly" and "sleep" set each other off.
In a word, this quatrain outlines a broad and bright picture in one or two sentences, and three or four sentences are dotted with swallows and honeymoons alternating with each other. In harmony and unity, * * * together constitute a very beautiful picture of spring scenery, and the poet's heartfelt happiness in spring is also vividly on the paper. The poem is neat, the language is natural and beautiful, leaving no trace, which is a unique chapter in Du Fu's poems.
Question thinking: What kind of scene does this poem describe and what kind of feelings does it express?
This poem captures the unique spring scenery such as sunshine, mountains and rivers, spring breeze, flowers and plants and their fragrance, swallows and mandarin ducks, mud melting and sand warmth, and depicts a beautiful and complicated spring scene for readers, expressing the poet's comfortable mood of being in a thatched cottage after he ended his wandering life, and also expressing his joy at the vitality and prosperity of nature in early spring.