The 39th Spring Festival Gala Grand Prix of "Beautiful China" Ping An Silver Cup jointly organized by Hubei Voice Radio and Television Station, Hubei Couplet Society and Ping An Bank is under way. In order to help the contestants win the championship, Hubei Voice specially launched a hotline live broadcast program, inviting experts to the live broadcast room to popularize the knowledge of couplet creation and comment on the works applying for Spring Festival couplets.
On February 30th, 65438, Duan Wei, a professor at Huazhong Normal University and vice president of Hubei Couplet Association, was a guest in the live broadcast room. The title of his speech is: On the composition of artistic conception couplets.
To understand what artistic conception is, we must first understand the word "artistic conception": artistic conception refers to the artistic conception and realm expressed in literary works or natural scenery. In my opinion, it is better to talk about artistic conception than to look at the meaning of the text, that is, "the realm of the heart." Context is the object of objective existence. Only through the projection and beautification of people's consciousness can the "artistic conception" be embodied, otherwise it is a real context and it is impossible to produce poetry.
The artistic conception of couplets is produced by the creator through his own skills, selecting certain things from objective things and combining them into images or image chains.
The composition of artistic conception is how things are combined in space, including juxtaposition, overlap, displacement, depth of field, virtual reality, movement and so on. Today, the first three are introduced.
0 1
Parallel and parallel method
The so-called parallel juxtaposition is a technique of selecting some representative things from the existing objective things and simply splicing them together in form to form the artistic conception.
This method pursues the simplicity of nature, emphasizes the connection between image and nature, and shows no trace. To do this, we should pay attention to two issues when choosing the image foothold: First, the selected things should be unified and representative, and the style should be harmonious. Second, the simple things selected actually contain the author's thoughts, and it is this spiritual factor of the author that unites those things that were originally independent and separated. For example:
Bamboo rain pine organ rhyme;
Tea, cigarettes, moonlight, books.
-Fu Shan inscribed couplets
Bamboo rain, breeze, music, tea and cigarettes, five mountains and books are six common and simple things. These things are harmonious and unified in style, and they are all "good friends" of literati and scholars, which is also good for the author. If the first part is changed to "ferry plane high-speed rail", there will be no beauty at all. In addition, the author did not compose couplets from other complicated living environments, but skillfully put pen to paper from a small place and combined six simple phrases that should be lonely into a light and elegant image map, showing his peaceful and comfortable seclusion life.
02
Three-dimensional superposition method
Three-dimensional superposition method is to select images on different planes to form artistic conception, so that artistic conception becomes a three-dimensional space with high and low, internal and external integration, and breaks the monotony of a plane.
This method is mostly used to write landscape couplets. It should also be noted that the image point should follow the requirements of unity of opposites, that is, first of all, it should be harmonious and unified; Secondly, it should be widened at the spatial level, so that the crisscross composition gives people a distinct three-dimensional sense. For example:
Dreams and white clouds are separated from one couch;
The dusty moon suggested opening the window.
-Jin Rui wrote couplets for the Dust Garden.
The image points selected in this couplet are dream, cloud, couch, dust, moon and window, which seem ordinary and simple, but their foothold is very clever; The six cornerstones supporting the full-linked image space are at different levels and orientations, which have a strong three-dimensional sense and can support the overall situation by opposing each other. Look at the first part: white clouds are in the sky, dreams are in the air, and the couch is on the ground. These are three different levels or spaces; Clouds and dreams complement each other, clouds and couch embrace each other, and artistic conception blends with reality.
Look at the next couplet: the red dust on the ground, the bright moon in the sky, and the window on the wall, which are in three levels or spaces; The moon fights dust, the moon calls the window, and the artistic conception is smart. Moreover, the center of gravity of the upper and lower couplets quietly points to the "person" hidden on the "couch", forming a multi-level and multi-faceted three-dimensional sensible picture. It can be said that it is hidden and ingenious.
03
Gankun transfer method
Select some literal images as the starting point (often the first half), and then move to another literal meaning. These two identical "literals" refer to different things, and the relationship between them lies in the "literals" with the same meaning.
This technique pays attention to the rationality and feasibility of repositioning, and pays attention to the excessive connection and connection between images, otherwise there is a danger of isolating the meaning of up and down links. When using this technology, we should pay attention to two points:
First of all, we should find the original image base point of time and space. It is often necessary to lay the upper part first and compare the contrast after the lower part is moved. Second, the relocation should be appropriate, so that it is both reasonable and unexpected, and the scene after the relocation can make people shine. For example:
Painting grass happens, and it doesn't rain for an instant;
When the flowers fall in bloom, it is not spring for a moment.
-biography is Wu's clever response.
This unique image is based on things: painting grass and burning lights. In the common sense of life, we all know that painting grass and burning lanterns has nothing to do with rain and spring breeze, but this clever combination of meaning and imagination is to give full play to association and imagination and use the method of substituting flowers for trees, which can also be called "empathy thinking". At first, the author separated "the grass grows and the warbler flies" from "drawing grass and burning lamps", turning things into objects and moving them as the first step; Then, on the basis of this detached image, it is naturally linked to the spring breeze to urge flowers and the spring rain to grow grass. The second step is to move, so that the words "it is not rain in an instant" and "it is not spring in an instant" are both reasonable and unexpected, and the impression effect is ingenious and vivid.