This is the information about sacrifice in the Book of Songs. I hope it will help LL ~
The basic content of the sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs is that man and God are connected, and God and God are interlinked, and they pray for blessings and eliminate disasters by praising God. Some people think that all poems written or used for sacrifice are sacrifice poems, but this statement is a bit too broad. If so, some epic poems and agricultural poems will become sacrificial poems. Therefore, we still take the narrow sense of sacrificial poems, that is, "poems praising gods and praying for disaster in religious sacrificial activities." Sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs are mainly concentrated in Fu. In addition to simply praising the merits of ancestors, some people pray for God in spring and summer or thank God in autumn and winter, which reflects the social characteristics and agricultural production of Zhou people in the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
The characteristics of sacrificial poems are as follows:
1. The sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs are based on the primitive religious concept of animism and immortality of the soul.
"Ancient ancestors didn't know much about natural things. They can only be cautious about all changes in the environment, and then they worship and pray for nature. " In their eyes, everything is animistic, besides offering sacrifices to the souls of ancestors, there are also things that can be sacrificed, such as mountains and rivers, so the contents of sacrificial poems are more.
For example, Wei Qing:
"Wei, is a store.
Zhao Jian, so far successful, Zhou Wei to perfection. "
Praise Wen Wang Zheng Qingming, Wen Wang Yin is fundamental. Since the sacrifice to heaven, it has been successful on earth. This is Zhou's.
"Tianzuo" "The sky is a mountain, and the king is a shortage. He did it, Wang Wenkang Zhi. There was a trip to the country. Future generations will protect it. " It is said that everything was born in Qishan, which is a sacrifice to Qishan.
"time":
"When made, the study of the son of heaven, is the order of the son of heaven.
The thin speech is shocking, and it is shocking.
Huairou Bai Shen, Qiao Yuehe and Yun Wang Wei, the queen.
Zhao Ming has a week, and the order is ready.
Carry one, carry a bow and arrow.
I asked for virtue, and I promised Wang Baozhi in summer. "
This is a poem written by the Prince of Wu and Duke of Zhou who visited the gods of mountains and rivers. This poem mentions that God blessed Zhou. At first, it was shaken by power, and all the people in the world were afraid of submission. Later, they pacified the gods and paid homage to the river god and the Yue god in turn.
"like":
"When the emperor week! I admire its high mountain, Qiaoyue Mountain, and allow it to plunge into the river.
Under the sky, it's time. The fate of a week. "
Zhou Chengwang's poems praising King Wu's patrol and offering sacrifices to He Yue. The poem is magnificent, praising the beauty of Zhou state, combining four mountains and hills and nine rivers in turn, traveling all over the world, and the gods of mountains and rivers deserve it.
Secondly, the sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs are a kind of religious and political literature with clear political purpose and narrow utilitarian concept.
God comes from the recognition of the existence of all things in heaven and earth in sacrificial activities. People long for the existence of sacred forests and hope that the gods can bring prosperity and peace to the country, and this desire is often realized through the rule of the country. Therefore, in people's minds, the son of heaven is ordered by heaven and his will is inviolable. Sacrifice provides a good tool for rulers to achieve their political goals. Therefore, in sacrificial poems, many chapters reflect their clear political purpose and religious and political utility.
For example, the life of Zhou Song Wei Tian:
"The life of the d day, in the bath.
How solemn and glorious, the moral integrity of King Wen.
Good things let me rest, and I accept grace and remember it.
Follow the line of my king and carry out their undivided attention with future generations. "
The poem says: beauty is running constantly, isn't it bright! Wen Wangde is big and pure. Good words and deeds have enriched me, and I want to collect them all, so that King Wen and his great-grandchildren and descendants can have laws to follow. This is a poem dedicated to King Wen when Duke Zhou gave a gift. Here, he strongly praised the virtue of King Wen. Isn't it great to make a jade pot? Wang Wen's moral education is tireless. It is beautiful in heaven.
Heaven has a destiny:
"Heaven has ordered science, and it will be affected in seconds.
If you become a king, you dare not be healthy, and your life will be secret at night.
Yu Jixi! Single-minded, the boss is calm.
Heaven has a life, and the king of Wen is ordered by heaven, and the king becomes virtuous and generous, consolidating the world and achieving peace. "
Siwen
"Swindon Houji, grams of that day.
Raised our millions of people, incomparably good, who is not engraved in the heart?
Leave us good wheat seeds, and fate is used to ensure the continuation of hundreds of households.
There is no need to divide the boundaries between agriculture, and the state advocates the joint construction of parks by agriculture and politics. "
When the Duke of Zhou offered sacrifices to Hou Ji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, he said that his virtue could rival heaven and he could offer sacrifices to heaven.
Thirdly, the ancestors, gods and heaven in the sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs are basically abstract concepts without specific descriptions.
It is easy to draw ghosts and gods, because in people's minds, ghosts and gods are amorphous. The images of ghosts and gods in China's ancient literary works are generally vague, or an abstract feeling, without a specific image, such as the explanation of "heaven", "sky is clear, empty and big". In people's minds, the world opened by Pangu is Qi, and the rise of Qing Dynasty is heaven. Turbid people sink, for the ground. This understanding is different from the western point of view. The image of God in Greek mythology is very concrete and vivid. Such as Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite and Prometheus, are all vivid images. The ferocity of the powerful god and the cowardice of the river god Oxius made Hermes grovel, all of which were vivid. However, there is no such image portrayal in The Book of Songs. In Song of Zhou, the virtues of the king of letters and the self-improvement of the king of martial arts are written, but they are not described in detail and vividly, and their achievements are only expressed in praise.
The sacrificial poems in The Book of Songs are only a small part of the whole book, but they show the social life at that time from one side and are also an important part of China's poetry treasure house. Knowing this, we can at least understand the political thought and ancient religious culture of the Zhou Dynasty from one side, but the above-mentioned contents are only superficial views. The Book of Songs, as the first collection of poems, brings together people's thoughts, and no aspect is just a few words.
Reference from Xinhuanet Shaanxi Channel