There is only input space for 10,000 words, so I can’t write it here.
Farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower
Wang Changling in the prosperous Tang Dynasty
I entered Wu in the cold rainy night, and saw off my guest Chu Shangu in the bright morning.
When relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, their hearts are filled with ice in a jade pot.
Comments
Furong Tower was originally called Northwest Tower, and its site is located in the northwest of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). You can overlook the Yangtze River and the north of the Yangtze River when you climb up. This poem was written approximately after the 29th year of Kaiyuan. Wang Changling was the Prime Minister of Jiangning (now Nanjing City) at that time, and Xin Jian was his friend. This time he planned to cross the river from Runzhou, pass through Yangzhou, and go north to Luoyang. Wang Changling may have accompanied him from Jiangning to Runzhou and then parted ways here. There are two original titles of this poem. The second one talks about the poet's farewell to Xin Jian at Furong Tower the night before, and this one talks about the scene of farewell by the river the next morning.
"The cold rain falls across the river at night into Wu." The misty mist and rain enveloped the river and sky in Wu, weaving an endless web of sorrow. The night rain adds to the bleak autumn mood and also exaggerates the gloomy atmosphere of parting. The chill not only filled the mist and rain across the river, but also penetrated into the hearts of the two Li people. The characters "lian" and "enter" describe the steady and continuous rain. The movement of the river rain coming quietly can be clearly perceived. It is also conceivable that the poet stayed up all night because of his separation. However, doesn’t this picture of a night rain in Wujiang, where water and sky are connected, vast and confusing, also show an extremely lofty and magnificent realm? Mid-late Tang poetry and graceful Song poetry often describe the sound of rain on trivial objects such as sycamores under the windows, iron horses in front of the eaves, and residual lotuses in the pond. However, Wang Changling did not describe the details of how to sense the coming autumn rain. He only described the sounds of hearing and vision. And imagination summarizes it as the rain flowing from the Yangtze River to Wu, and uses large areas of light ink to dye the paper full of mist and rain, which sets off the broad artistic conception of "Send off guests in the plains and the lonely people in Chushan" with great vigor.
In the early morning, the sky was already bright, and Xin Jian was about to board the boat and return north. The poet looked at the distant mountains in the north of the Yangtze River, thinking that pedestrians would soon disappear outside Chu Mountain, and the feeling of loneliness arose spontaneously. On the vast river surface, of course, it is not just the isolated Chu Mountain that enters the poet's field of vision. The mighty river water is the most likely to evoke the association of feelings like water, and the Tang Dynasty people got countless famous sentences from this. However, Wang Changling did not place his sorrow on the river that followed his friends away, but focused his separation on the Chu Mountain standing in the vast plains. Because friends can reunite with their relatives and friends when they return to Luoyang, but the poets who stayed in Wu can only stand on the bank of the river and watch the water pass by like the lonely Chu Mountain. The word "lone" is like a lead of emotion, which naturally leads to the last two parting words: "Friends and relatives in Luoyang are like asking each other, and a heart of ice is in a jade pot."
As early as the Six Dynasties, Liu and Song Dynasties, The poet Bao Zhao used the phrase "clear as ice in a jade kettle" ("Dai Baitou Yin") to describe a noble and pure character. Since Kaiyuan Prime Minister Yao Chong wrote "The Curling Commandment", poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty such as Wang Wei, Cui Hao, Li Bai, etc. have used curling to encourage themselves and praise the character of being upright and clear inside and outside. The message Wang Changling asked Xin Jian to send to his relatives and friends in Luoyang was not the usual peace message, but conveyed his belief that he was still pure and pure and upheld his integrity, which was very meaningful. According to "The Biography of Talented Scholars of the Tang Dynasty" and "Collection of Heroes in Heyue", Wang Changling was once demoted to Lingnan for the first time in the 27th year of Kaiyuan because he did not stick to trivial matters and "slanders boiled over, and the two ran away." After returning from Lingnan, Wang Changling , he was appointed Jiang Ningcheng, and a few years later he was demoted again to Longbiao, which is further away. It can be seen that at that time he was in a harsh environment that was ruined by everyone. The poet here refers to himself as a crystal clear jade pot with a heart of ice, which is based on the true understanding and mutual trust between him and his Luoyang poetry friends and relatives. This is by no means a confession to wash away the slander, but a self-praise of contempt for the slander. Therefore, the poet took out a crystal clear and pure ice heart from the flawless jade pot to comfort his friends. This can express his deep love for his relatives and friends in Luoyang better than any words of lovesickness.
Scenery creates emotions, and emotions are embedded in the scenery. This is the unique characteristic of the poetry of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it is profound, gentle and soothing. "Thank you for the traces of the furnace hammer" (Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou") is another unique style of Wang's poetry. The vast river rain and the lonely Chu Mountain in this poem not only highlight the poet's desolate and lonely feeling when bidding farewell, but also show the poet's cheerful mind and strong character. The solitary mountain standing in the river and sky and the image of Bing Xin placed in the jade pot form a kind of intentional or unintentional echo, which naturally reminds people of the poet's lonely, proud, pure and pure image, making the exquisite conception and profound elegance The intention melts into a clear and clear artistic conception, so it is natural and pure, without traces, subtle and subtle, with endless aftertaste
花不花
Middle Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi
< p>Flowers are not flowers, mist is not mist. It comes at midnight and goes away at dawn.How long has it been like a spring dream? Going like a cloud in the morning, nowhere to be found.
Criticism
Bai Juyi's poems are not only famous for their simple language, but also for their artistic conception. This "flower is not a flower" has a rather "hazy" flavor, which is indeed a special case in Bai's poems.
The first three characters of the poem are used as the title, which is almost "untitled". The first two sentences should be read as "flower - not flower, fog - not fog", which gives people a sense of uncertainty at first. "Not a flower" and "not a mist" are both negative, but contain a self-evident premise: like a flower, like a mist. So it can be said that these are two clever metaphors.
Su Dongpo seemed to get a hint of inspiration from this, and wrote the famous sentence "It looks like a flower, but it still doesn't look like a flower, and no one would hesitate to teach it" ("Water Dragon Song"). Su's poem is about poplars and willow catkins, but Bai's poem is about something that is not clear. However, from the description of "midnight comes and dawn goes", we can see that the metaphor used here is flowers and fog, which is a metaphor for the short-lived nature of the things being chanted, and it is difficult to last long.
Just reading "Come at midnight and leave at dawn" makes readers suspect that it is a dream. But from the four words in the next sentence "Come like a spring dream", it can be seen that this is not the case. "Dream" turns out to be the same thing. Here, the two words "come" and "go" play a role in connecting the previous and the following in terms of music and mood, thus giving rise to two fresh metaphors. "Come in the middle of the night" is the dream of spring. Although the spring dream is beautiful, it is short-lived, which leads to a question: "How long will it be like to come?" There is no place to look for in the morning clouds."
Poems are composed of a series of metaphors, which are called metaphors. They are closely intertwined, like clouds and water flowing, naturally written. Repeatedly highlight an unexplained metaphor with vivid images. There are many examples of people who make good use of metaphors in poetry, such as "There is a fight in the south and north of the Jiji" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" (Bright Moon at Night), and "Yichuan Tobacco," in He Zhu's "Qingyu Case" The city is full of wind and rain, plums are yellow and it rains." But these metaphors are just a component of the poem. It is very rare that the whole poem is composed of metaphors. Furthermore, in the former example, the zodiac signs such as Nanji, Big Dipper and Morning Glory are used as metaphors, and the metaphor is "What's the point of resurrecting one's name"; in the latter case, tobacco, wind, plum rain and other scenes are used as metaphors, in the metaphor "How much do you know about it?" ”, its metaphorical origin (the thing being metaphorized) is clear. However, this poem only sees the metaphor (the object used as a metaphor) but does not know the metaphor, which is like a thought-provoking mystery. As a result, the artistic conception of the poem is cast in a "hazy" color.
Despite this, the poetic meaning of this poem is not completely obscure and elusive. It was compiled by the author into the "sentimental" part of the collection, and there are works with similar sentiments in the same part. The first is "The Tomb of True Mother", which reads: "The frost destroyed the peaches and plums, and the wind broke off the lotus. The true mother was still young when she died. Her fat skin and tender hands are not strong, so it is difficult for beauties in the world to linger. It is difficult to linger, and they are easy to be sold away. Flowers from the north, Snow in the South of the Yangtze River." The other is "Jian Jian Yin", which writes: "The heavy frost in February will kill the peach blossoms, and those who want to marry next year will die this year." "Most good things are not strong, and the colorful clouds are easy to scatter and the glass is broken." It is a work of mourning, and the metaphors in the last lines of the poem, especially the "Saibei flowers" in "easy to sell off" and the "colorful clouds" in "easy to scatter", are almost exactly the same as the metaphors in the last two lines of this poem. Xiao, they all express a kind of remembrance and regret for the beautiful people and things that existed in life but disappeared. The poem "Flowers Are Not Flowers" is compiled closely after "Jian Jian Yin" and tells readers a piece of news about the purpose of this poem. This poem was probably written at the same time as "Jian Jian Yin" for the same purpose.
This poem uses the form of alternating three-character sentences and seven-character sentences (this is a flexible use of the three-three-seven-seven sentence pattern of folk songs at that time). It has both rhythmic order and intricate beauty, which is very similar to the later Xiaoling. Therefore, later generations actually adopted this poem's syntax as the tone of the poem, and used "花不花" as the name of the tone. A major change in the content of ci poetry compared to 57-character poems is that it is more inclined to express people's inner mood. In this regard, the poem is also similar to the lyrics. This phenomenon of "poems are like small words" appeared in the writings of Bai Juyi, a poet who was an early poet in the Tang Dynasty. It is quite natural.
Gui Ling·Dream Is Made
Yuan Zheng Guangzu
Half the window has a dim dream,
After singing in Qiantang,
p>
Fu Gaotang.
The wind blows in the curtains,
the refreshing breeze enters the lattice,
the moon shines on the screen window.
You can see pear blossoms with light makeup, and faintly smell the lingering fragrance of orchid and musk.
Arouse thinking,
Don’t think about it,
Why not think about it.
And the birth of pearls and jade is also a masterpiece of sincerity." His works are indeed extraordinary for their strange conception and beautiful words. This small order uses the feeling after a dream to express the pain of lovesickness, and the technique is also ingenious and novel. The first sentence shows a kind of blurred connotation, the window is half open, and it is bright and dark. The faint dream seems to be getting more and more misty and hazy. The two sentences "Song stop" and "Fu stop" implicitly express the joyful party in the dream with two songs. The use of two words "stop" in succession emphasizes the romance and the separation of the clouds, and brings out the description of waking up from the dream below. "The wind is moving", "It's refreshing" and "The moon is shining" describe what you see after you wake up. The cool breeze and the bright moon wake people up and illuminate their dreams. But everything in the dream is still vivid in my mind, and it seems that I am still in the dream when I wake up. The sentence "vaguely" means that it feels like seeing the person or smelling the fragrance. Dreams are hallucinations, and besides hallucinations, there are hallucinations. This peculiar description just expresses the lingering sadness of longing. The last three sentences clarify the meaning of the song. The word "thinking" is repeated three times, and it is sung and sighed three times, making people truly feel the pain of longing for a loved one who cannot let go.
For wine
Ming Zhang Ling
The hidden jade in Jiangcheng is leaking,
I advise you to fill the cup in the palm of your hand.
The night of singing and dancing under the bright moon in the high building,
I know this is the first time in my life.
Comments
The first two sentences say that time is short and life must be timely and enjoyable. The last two sentences mean how many times of joy there are in life? There is a layer of meaning in the high building, a layer of meaning in the bright moon night, and a layer of meaning in the music and singing. It is even more rare to have all three. The theme is still the meaning of Cao Cao's poem "Wine and song, the geometry of life". However, the poems are written in a high and clear way, without any resentment or suppressing emotions, reflecting the author's personality hidden in Feng Lang. Zhu Yizun's "Collection of Ming Dynasty Poems·Jingzhiju Poetry Talk" says: "The dream of Jin Dynasty was born, and his paintings of landscapes were as good as Abel's tiger. The poem "Dairing Wine" can be called a masterpiece."
Inscription on the painting< /p>
Qing Dynasty. Jiang Shiquan
Instead of writing about sunny mountains, write about rainy mountains, just like a mirror shining on a misty servant girl.
Everything in the world is blurry, and the wind, horse and carriage will come and go.
Comments
Hazy is a beautiful artistic conception. As far as the art of landscape painting is concerned, ignorance and confusion are also a kind of painting state. This is what Mi Youren's paintings in the Song Dynasty were like. Deng Chun's "Hua Ji" says: "Yuanhui (characterized by Youren) was met by Guangyao. He was expensive and secretive. People laughed at him and said: 'It means a tree without roots, which can describe the clouds of ignorance. Now it is used as a sword. , unwilling to be with idle people. '" This poem on the painting expresses the affirmation of the hazy painting environment, the agreement with "not writing about sunny mountains but writing about rainy mountains", and the dissatisfaction with "the mirror shines on the misty servant girl", which does not write about rainy mountains and writes about clear mountains. It is an artistic point of view that discusses painting based on painting. However, the author's intention is not limited to this. In the second half of the poem, it is said that in the blur of clouds, gods are traveling freely in cars, which is a further metaphor for treating things in the world happily and confusedly, and it is not worth the trouble and distress to oneself. There is a pun intended here, which expresses the author's philosophy of life. This is the negative Taoist thought of the Lao and Zhuang schools, but it is also an experience gained from life experience. It has a certain market among the scholar-bureaucrats in the old society.
Just write it here, you can find the rest by yourself.