Ask the Japanese for nine chapters, and the song is mighty;
Being able to mend the Ming Dynasty and save the country,
Pay tribute to Li Sao. "
It's the Dragon Boat Festival again.
Dragon boat races and fragrant leaves.
People feel sorry for the great poet Qu Yuan.
Little known is that
Qu Yuan can also be said to be a "legal person".
Qu Yuan is not only a legislator who knows how to control chaos and formulate constitutional order, but also a politician who mourns the hardships of people's lives and explores the legal basis and people's feelings. He is also a legal thinker who follows the law of restraining Mohism and pursues the theory of national wealth. Qu Yuan's poem can also be said to be a song of legal pursuit, showing Qu Zi's feelings of seeking goodness and beauty.
the unity of poetry and law is an old topic. In China, the word "Fa" in law originates from melody. The trinity of ancient poetry, song and dance. In the west, the etymology of legal "nomos" has multiple meanings such as law, music and poetry. The law is the same as that of Song Dynasty.
Vico, an Italian philosopher and jurist, believes that early humans were all "poetic wisdom". Poets are actually early legislators of all ethnic groups. Laws are made by poems, and the earliest laws and regulations are also preserved in poems. The word "poet" in ancient Greek means "producer" or "creator". Poets and legislators have the same roots.
Plato, a great philosopher, regarded "the beauty of law and organization" as a higher level of "beauty" in the year of National Articles and the year of Law Articles. The law of establishing a polis is much better than creating a tragedy. Great legislators in history are great poets, and the laws they make are great poems.
This evaluation is equally appropriate for Qu Yuan.
Qu Yuan is a legislator,
and more consciously records his experience of rule of law with his own poems.
the rule of law feeling of "enriching the country and strengthening the law"
Qu Yuan is famous for his poems, which actually reflects his tortuous exploration and faithful concept of the rule of law.
at the beginning of Lisao, Qu Yuan introduced the origin of his name, saying, "Xi, the capital of Chu in Lanyu, the emperor, and Jia Ming in Zhao Xiyu, whose real name is JUNG WOO Xi, is named after Yue Lingjun". Say Qu Yuan's name is Ping, the character. "Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng in Historical Records" is a transliteration of the former, claiming that his name is correct and his words are clever.
"regularity" and "spirituality" are the extended meanings of Pinghe Garden.
Justice, rules and fairness are the most important dimensions of the rule of law.
Law has always been regarded as the embodiment of fairness and justice, and Qu Yuan's name implies many legal and political meanings.
Sima Qian said in the year of Lisao:
"Qu Ping's sick king is deaf,
everything is for flattery,
evil hurts the public,
Fang Zhengzhi can't tolerate it,
so it is Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng in Historical Records because of deep sadness and missing. "
This records the reasons for the creation of Li Sao and points out the spiritual quality of his political lyrics, which can be seen in the book. Its causes are related to legal factors such as "evil songs are harmful to the public and the founders don't allow them".
According to Roman jurists, the so-called law is "knowledge of justice and injustice". In his poems such as Li Sao, Li Sao and Nine Chapters, he criticized the behavior of the nobles of Chu at that time, and expressed a clear concept of the rule of law, that is, obeying the rules, abiding by the law and controlling chaos.
For example, Qu wrote in Xi Yong:
"It is clever to change customs at regular intervals, but wrong to change rules;
relying on ink to pursue pleasure and compete for capacity. "
That is to say, the times and customs like to be opportunistic and change measures if they violate the rules. Leaving Mo Dou as the criterion of pursuing evil pleasure and taking sexual immorality and tolerance as the criterion of life, this illegal behavior is the cause of the country's chaos and decline.
as a countermeasure, we must "empower talents and follow the line, not completely;" God is selfless, and human virtue is wrong. "We must abide by the laws and regulations, and we are not partial at all, in order to win the recognition of the people. God is just, water can carry a boat, and it can also overturn it. Whoever the people support will get their destiny. Compliance with the law is the key to controlling chaos.
Qu Yuan vividly compared the dangerous situation that Li Sao deviated from the law.
"Ride on a horse, without a title, and carry yourself.
Take advantage of the current below and bring your own boat
Breaking the law and managing things with selfishness is like running on a fast horse without a title and a dirty boat without a boat, which will inevitably bring disaster to the country and the people.
Qu Yuan also expressed his loyalty by not being afraid of legal trial. There is a saying:
"As far as loyalty is concerned, it means that heaven is just.
make the five emperors compromise and obey the six gods.
the mountains and rivers are prepared for the royal Xi, and the fate is to listen to the blame. "
Among them, Hao Tao, the culprit, was the first judicial officer in the ancient legend of China.
Here, Qu Yuan sincerely swears that if what I say is not out of loyalty, he can testify for me by pointing to heaven, let the five emperors discriminate against the provisions of the criminal book, let the six sects of gods testify against it, let the gods of mountains and rivers stand by as a jury, and order Hao Tao as a judge to decide the merits. Among them, Qu Yuan was familiar with the litigation process by skillfully quoting Hao Tao and prison litigation. Moreover, he took the legal trial as the form of oath, which also showed his faith and awe in the law, and showed his loyalty and selflessness to his faith.
Legislator's career of "Constituting a Constitution by Knowing Chaos"
Qu Yuan is an outstanding politician in Chu, who knows how to govern the world. In "Cherish the Past", Sima Qian said that he was
"knowledgeable" and "skilled in rhetoric".
In his twenties, he became a senior official of Chu, ranking second only to Ling Yin. According to Xi Yong,
"Qu Yuan is a disciple of Chu Huaiwang. He is knowledgeable, knows how to deal with chaos, and is skilled in rhetoric.
then discuss state affairs with the royal soil and give orders;
then meet the guests and deal with the prince. Wang Ren ".
entrusted by Chu Huaiwang, he was "incorporated into the constitutional order". The so-called constitutional order is a decree. Formulating the constitutional order means that Qu Yuan issued decrees, drafted rules and presided over political reform. It is obvious that he is an outstanding legislator.
During the reign of King Dao of Chu, there was a precedent of Wuqi's political reform, and all titles were equal, which broke the hereditary system of titles in Chu and abolished useless and incompetent official positions. Qu Yuan described his participation in the reform of Chu as "practicing before one's husband", and said in his poem that "learning from the sages". Qu Yuan probably inherited these reform measures from Wuqi and continued to make Chu rich and strong through good laws and good governance.
Due to the lack of historical materials, the specific content of Qu Yuan's reform has been impossible to research. However, according to his poem Remembering the Past and the core idea of American politics, it can be roughly inferred that its measures should include abolishing the privileges of the old aristocracy, selecting and appointing talents, improving politics, ruling by virtue and the rule of law, enriching the country and strengthening the people, uniting with the Qin Dynasty and unifying the world.
Later, even when Qu Yuan was exiled, he kept going back and thinking about his political reform, which showed the importance of his life experience. In Qu Yuan's Historical Records, he was so passionate and full of memories.
"I regret that I once wrote a letter to Zhao.
I want to tell you the truth. I want to know the truth.
the country is rich and strong, the law is established, and it is a loyal minister.
A secret is a secret. Although it is a mistake, it is still a blessing. "
What he wants here is to reform laws and systems and pursue good governance in the United States. As long as the law is strict, there is no doubt that it can exist, and the law is complete, the country will be rich and strong.
"How difficult it is to mourn people's lives", seeking the public opinion base of the law.
In p>214, General Secretary Xi Jinping quoted Qu Yuan's poems, such as "People's lives are hard to lose", as "works and good sentences that deeply reflect people's voices". As the saying goes, people's happiness is the highest law. Qu Yuan is one of the important representatives of China's ancient people-oriented thought of people's livelihood, and his advocacy of "mourning for people's livelihood and suffering" should be the most important value basis of law.
The word "people's livelihood" first appeared in the year of Historical Records. The so-called "people's livelihood is diligent, and diligence is not lacking." As an important official of Qu Yuan's imperial clan, he was full of deep sympathy for the people. In his political reform, he opposed Shi Qing's official career and restricted aristocratic privileges. First, Qu Yuan's exile was also related to his political reform. Many nobles opposed political reform in order to maintain their personal status. The official doctors who are tied with Qu Yuan are all jealous. Qu Yuan's draft constitutional order was undecided, and the official doctors wanted to take it away, but Qu Yuan refused. He slandered Chu Huaiwang and said, "It is well known that the King of Chu made a decree to bend. Every time I give an order, I beat down my grades and think I can't do anything. "
Wang Yong fainted, so he was angry with Qu Yuan. Reform thrives because of reform, and its fate is indeed a sigh. Of course, it can be seen from Dr. Shangguan's slanderous remarks that "every order is made and every achievement is made" that Qu Yuan's legislation is frequent and successful, otherwise he would not be slandered because of jealousy. However, no matter how high he is in the temple, how far away he is from the rivers and lakes, from political reform to exile, Qu Yuan's unchanging concept is people-oriented and pleading for the people.
qu yuan. Source map
He said in "Nine Chapters Cherish the Past":
"The world is turbid, I am lonely,
Everyone is drunk, and I wake up alone. "
He pursued integrity and light, unwilling to go with the flow, unwilling to be" sealed in the world "and resolutely died to show the dignity of life, which is also the dignity of the law.
The Tang Dynasty poet Yin's Twelve Years of Zuo Zhuan Xuangong said:
"This is not a custom,
but I pray that Pu's wine will calm down. "
Today, we commemorate Qu Yuan, not only to inherit the traditional customs and culture, but also to realize Qu Zi's ambition of ruling chaos and promoting peace by law.
Wen/Jiang
Editor/Dai Xiuhui Shark Wang