Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Midnight Wu Ge" 1
Midnight Wu Ge·Xia Ge
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Li Bai
Original text:
Three hundred miles away from Jinghu Lake, there are lotus blossoms.
In May, Xishi is collected, and people look at it as if it is narrow.
Returning to the boat without waiting for the moon, he returned to the Yue Wang family.
Translation and annotations:
Author: Anonymous
Translation
Mirror Lake is more than 300 miles wide, and it is full of flowers everywhere. The harsh flowers that want to bloom.
Xi Shi once picked lotus flowers here in May, attracting people to watch and crowded the Ruoye River.
Less than a month after Xi Shi returned home, she was elected to the palace.
Comments
①Midnight Wu Songs: Wu-sheng songs from Yuefu in the Six Dynasties. "Book of Tang·Yue Zhi": ""Midnight Wu Song" is also a song of Jin Dynasty. There was a woman named Ziye in Jin Dynasty who created this sound, which sounded more sorrowful and bitter." "Yuefu Jieti": "Later generations even more sang music in the four seasons. The lyrics are called "Songs of the Four O'clock at Midnight". "Li Bai's "Midnight Song of Wu" also sings about the four seasons, and this is the third "Autumn Song". And it was expanded from the original five characters and four sentences to five characters and six sentences.
②Jinghu: Jianhu, located in the southeast of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province today.
③Han (hàn) 萏 (dàn): Another name for lotus. The ancients called the unopened lotus "bud", which means bud.
④Ruoye: Ruoye River is in today’s Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. There used to be the Huansha Stone monument beside the stream. It is said that Xishi Huansha was here, so it is also called "Huansha Creek".
⑤ Returning to the boat without waiting for the moon: Refers to the speed of Xi Shi's departure. When she returned to the boat, the moon had not yet come out, so she was taken away. This is a rhetorical device that exaggerates.
Appreciation:
This poem begins with a description of the scene: "Jinghu Lake is three hundred miles away, and lotus flowers bloom." The Jinghu Lake, which is three hundred miles wide, has buds in it. When the lotus bloomed, Xishi appeared and became a lotus picker. However, her beauty and reputation caused a sensation. "People see the narrow Ruoye", and everyone competed for food and beauty, making the wide Ruoye River narrow. , the word "pass" is vivid, and the lively scene of surging crowds and boats filling the banks of the creek seems to be presented in front of the readers, turning Wang Wei's virtual writing of "the world is full of beauty" into a sensation in the local area. Describe it truthfully. It ends abruptly here, no longer focusing on Xi Shi, leaving a lot of imagination space for readers to fill in with reasonable imagination: Gou Jian has already decided to use a beauty trick to deal with Wu, and Xi Shi's beauty overwhelms all living beings. , caused a sensation in the local area, so the monarchs and ministers of the Yue Kingdom did not need to bother to visit. After having this perfect beauty candidate, they "returned to the boat and returned to the Yue Wang's house without waiting for the moon." Compared with Wang Wei's "I am a girl from Yue River in the morning, and a concubine of Wu Palace in the evening", which has different words but the same meaning. Wang Wei's poem has an extra layer of twists and turns, omitting the process of Gou Jian's emperor and ministers implementing the beauty trap; Li Bai's poem implements the beauty trap. "Cut", cutting off the result of being selected as the concubine of Wu Palace, also expresses the meaning of "the world is full of beauty". This kind of cut-off is more implicit and suggestive: since it is "returning to the Yue Wang family", Gou Jian can also keep this beauty, but he restrained it under the goal of "repaying Wu" and "revenge"; and Xi Shi's Entering Wu became one of the reasons for the death of Wu. This is tantamount to reminding readers: "Is it because of King Wu Fu Chai's lustful fault, or is it because Xi Shi became the key to the destruction of Wu? If Xi Shi was the key to the destruction of Wu, then what was the reason for the subsequent destruction of Yue?" Li Bai The fact that he didn't write about the subsequent development is not because he couldn't write it, but because he deliberately didn't write it. Doing so also leaves room for the reader's imagination.
Xi Shi picking lotus in Ruoye River is not only a legend, but also reasonable; as for rafting in Sanbaijing Lake, it is the author's imagination. But this imagination is suspected of changing the facts, because if the clear water of Jinghu Lake is used to express Xi Shi's "self-learning of beauty", or the three hundred miles of water is used to express the large number of people who worship Xi Shi, then the following sentence "People see ai Ruoye" seems redundant. This may be a clerical error made by Li Bai Baimi. "Midnight Wu Song" Original Text and Translation Appreciation 2
Midnight Wu Song
Spring Song
A girl from Luofu in Qin Land picked mulberry trees by the green water.
On the green strips on the plain hands, the red makeup is fresh in the day.
The silkworms are hungry and the concubine wants to go, but the five horses must not linger.
Summer Song
Three hundred miles away from Jinghu Lake, there are lotus blossoms.
In May, Xishi is harvested, and people look at it as if it is narrow.
Returning to the boat without waiting for the moon, he returned to the Yue Wang family.
Autumn Song
Changan is covered with moonlight and thousands of households are pounding their clothes.
The autumn wind never blows away, but there is always love.
On what day when the barbarians are defeated, a good man will stop his expedition.
Winter Song
In the Ming Dynasty, the messenger sent out his clothes and collected robes all night long.
The bare hand is worth a pair of scissors if it is cold to draw a needle.
How many days will it take for the tailor to arrive in Lintao?
Introduction to ancient poems
"Four Songs of Wu at Midnight" is a group of poems composed by the poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, also titled "Four Songs of Wu at Four O'clock in the Midnight". These four poems describe four events based on four seasonal scenes.
The first poem about spring scenery tells the story of Qin Luofu picking mulberries in the Han Dynasty Yuefu; the second poem about summer scenery tells the story of Xi Shi Ruoye picking lotus flowers in the Spring and Autumn Period; the third poem about autumn scenery tells the story of the garrison women. The fourth poem describes the winter scenery, which is about the garrison women sewing cotton clothes for the soldiers. The work is cleverly conceived, clearly layered and rigorously organized.
Translation/Translation
Spring Song
There was a Luofu girl in Qin who once picked mulberries by the green water. With bare hands, she picked back and forth on the green strips, and the red makeup looked particularly bright under the sun. She politely refused the prefect's entanglement and said, "The silkworms are hungry. I should go back quickly. Lord prefect, please don't delay your Baoban's time here."
Summer Song
The Jinghu Lake is more than three hundred miles wide, and everywhere is full of flowers ready to bloom. Xishi once picked lotus flowers here in May, and people who came to watch crowded the Ruoye River. Less than a month after Xi Shi returned home, she was elected to the palace.
Autumn Song
There was a bright moon over Chang'an City, and the sound of pounding clothes could be heard from every household. What the autumn wind can't stop is the yearning for the women outside Yumen Pass. When will the chaos be eliminated and my husband will no longer go on expeditions?
Winter Song
Tomorrow morning the messenger is about to leave, and the missing women work all night to make cotton-padded clothes for their husbands who are on an expedition. My delicate hands were too cold to even draw a needle, let alone use the cold scissors to cut clothes. I send the tailor-made clothes to a distant place. When will it arrive at Lintao, the border gate?
", "Autumn Song", "Winter Song". "Book of Tang Le Zhi" says: "The song "Midnight Song" is also a Jin song. There was a woman named Ziye in Jin Dynasty who created this sound, which sounds more sorrowful and bitter." Because it originated from Wu, it is also called "Midnight Wu Song".
Spring Song: Same as the following "Summer Song", etc. Some poetry collections do not have these titles, nor do the original poems; some poetry collections have the subtitle "Spring"... without "Song" Character.
The sentence "Qin Di": Qin Di refers to the Guanzhong area of ??Shaanxi Province today. Luofu Nu, the Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Mulang" has the poem "The sun rises in the southeast corner, and returns to my Qin family building. The Qin family has a good daughter, and she named herself Luofu. Luofu is good at sericulture, and she picks mulberry in the south corner of the city."
Color: white.
"Red makeup" sentence: refers to a woman who is very gorgeous after putting on makeup.
The sentence "Silkworms are hungry": Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty's "Song of Four O'clock in the Midnight": "The king is tired and the horse is tired, but the concubine is hungry after removing the silkworms." This uses the meaning of the sentence. Concubine, a modest word for a woman in ancient times to call herself.
"Five horses" sentence: It means that noble people should not stay here. Five horses, "Han Guan Yi" records: "Four horses carry a cart, this is a common courtesy, but when the prefect comes out, one more horse will be added." Therefore, it is called five horses. This refers to dignitaries.
Jinghu: A Jianhu Lake, located in the southeast of Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province today.
Lotus: Another name for lotus. The ancients called unopened lotus flowers "buds".
Ruoye: Ruoye River is in today’s Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. There used to be the Huansha Stone monument beside the stream. It is said that Xishi Huansha was here, so it is also called "Huansha Creek".
Returning to the boat without waiting for the moon: Refers to the speed with which Xi Shi left. When she was returning to the boat, the moon had not yet come out, so she was taken away by invitation. This is a rhetorical device that exaggerates.
The King of Yue: refers to Gou Jian, the King of Yue.
A piece of moon: a piece of bright moonlight.
Ten thousand households: Thousands of households. Clothes pounding: Put the clothes on the stone anvil and beat it with a mallet to make the clothes soft and suitable for tailoring; put the dirty clothes that have been washed for the first time on the stone slab and beat them to remove the muddy water and then wash them.
Can’t be blown away: can’t be blown away.
Yuguan: Yumenguan, its former site is in the northwest of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province today. It refers to the place where good people guard the border.
Ping Hulu: Put down the enemies invading the border.
Beloved man: the name women used to call their husbands in ancient times. "Poetry·Tang Feng·Mao": "Today or later, I will meet this beloved man." Stop: end.
Post messenger: A messenger used by the government in ancient times to deliver letters and objects. Yi: Posthouse.
Cotton: Spread cotton in clothes. Zhengpao: warrior's clothes.
Two sentences with "plain hands": refers to the cold winter night, which made the hands of the husband and wife freeze and they could not even hold needles and scissors. Plain hands, white hands, describe a woman's fair skin.
Tailor: Refers to a tailor who has made a good choice of clothes.
Lintao: In the southwest of Lintan County, Gansu Province today, this generally refers to the border area.
Appreciation/Appreciation
Li Bai’s "Midnight Wu Ge" contains four poems, divided into four seasons: Wing Chun, summer, autumn and winter. There is "Song of the Four O'clock at Midnight" in the Yuefu of the Six Dynasties, which is inherited by the author. This style is composed of four sentences, and the content is mostly about the sadness of a woman missing her lover. The six sentences are the creation of the poet, which is particularly innovative. These four poems describe four events based on four seasonal scenes. The first poem describes the spring scene, the story of Qin Luofu picking mulberry; the second poem describes the summer scene, the story of Xishi Ruoye picking lotus; the third poem describes the autumn scene, the story of the garrison women weaving and pounding clothes for the soldiers; the fourth poem describes It describes a winter scene in which a garrison woman sews cotton clothes for her conquering husband. And connected together is a set of painted pictures of beauties on four screens in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
The first poem eulogizes the story of Qin Luofu, who is not only beautiful, but also has a beautiful heart. It praises her noble qualities of not being tempted by wealth and refusing to be teased and tempted by dignitaries, and her hard work. Quality is well explained in the sentence "The silkworms are hungry and the concubine wants to leave, but the five horses are not allowed to linger." This is a "spring song", so we use mulberry picking to get up.
The second poem begins with a description of the scene: "Three hundred miles across the Mirror Lake, lotuses bloom." On the three-hundred-mile-wide Mirror Lake, when the lotuses bloom with buds, Xi Shi goes boating. She appeared and became a lotus picker, but her beauty and reputation caused a sensation. "People see Ruoye as a narrow place." Everyone competes for food and beauty, which makes the wide Ruoye River narrow. Vividly, the lively scene of surging crowds and boats filling the banks of the creek seems to be presented before the readers' eyes, turning Wang Wei's virtual description of "the world is full of beauty" into a realistic description that shocked the local area. It ends abruptly here, no longer focusing on Xi Shi, but leaving a lot of room: Gou Jian has already decided to use a beauty trap to deal with the Wu State, and Xi Shi's beauty has overwhelmed all living beings and caused a sensation in the local area, so the monarchs and ministers of the Yue State have also There is no need to bother to visit. After finding this perfect beauty candidate, we "return to the boat and return to the Yue Wang family without waiting for the moon." Compared with Wang Wei's "I am a girl from Yue River in the morning, and a concubine of Wu Palace in the evening", which has different words but the same meaning. Wang Wei's poem has an extra layer of twists and turns, omitting the process of Gou Jian's emperor and ministers implementing the beauty trap; Li Bai's poem implements the beauty trap. "Cut", cutting off the result of being selected as the concubine of Wu Palace, also expresses the meaning of "the world is full of beauty". This kind of cut-off is more implicit and suggestive: since it is "returning to the Yue Wang family", Gou Jian can also keep this beauty, but he restrained it under the goal of "repaying Wu" and "revenge"; and Xi Shi's Entering Wu became one of the reasons for the death of Wu.
Xi Shi picking lotus in Ruoye River is not only a legend, but also reasonable; as for rafting in Sanbaijing Lake, it is the author's imagination. But this imagination is suspected of changing the facts, because if the clear water of Jinghu Lake is used to express Xi Shi's "self-learning of beauty", or the three hundred miles of water is used to express the large number of people who worship Xi Shi, then the following sentence "People see ai Ruoye" seems redundant. This may be a clerical error made by Li Bai Baimi.
The third poem is about the wife of a conquering husband who misses her husband on an expedition to the frontier on an autumn night, hoping that the war will end soon and her husband will not have to leave home to go on an expedition. Although it does not write about love directly, every word is permeated with sincere affection; although it does not talk about the current situation, it does not stray away from the current situation. The sentiment and interest are not divorced from the charm of frontier poems.
Generally speaking, the poet's technique is to use scene language first and then love language, and the scenes are always blended. "A piece of moon in Chang'an" describes the scenery, and at the same time it closely follows the title, describing the seasonal characteristics of "the moon shines brightly in autumn". Seeing the moon and cherishing people is a traditional expression method in classical poetry. In addition, autumn is the season of rushing to make clothes and collect clothes, so writing about the moon also has arousing significance. In addition, the moon is as bright as day, which is perfect for pounding clothes, and the moonlight that "can't be rolled up in the jade curtain, but comes back after being brushed on the anvil of pounding clothes" (Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River") can also easily evoke the lovesickness of a missing woman. Affection. The cloth for making clothes must first be placed on an anvil and pounded flat and soft with a pestle. This is called "clothing pounding". On this bright moonlit night, the city of Chang'an was immersed in the sound of anvils and pestles rising and falling, and this special "autumn sound" was an unbearable provocation to the missing woman. "One piece" and "ten thousand households" are written in light and voice, which seems to be right but not right, and the words are natural and have the flavor of chanting. Autumn wind also makes people feel melancholy. "The autumn wind blows into the window and the tents flutter", which is the third provocation to the missing woman. The moon is bright and the wind is clear, and the wind blows the anvil, and the sound is the deep feeling of remembering the people in Yuguan. Use the word "always" to express profound feelings and thoughts. Here, the autumn moon, the sound of autumn, and the autumn wind weave into a seamless realm. There are no people in sight, but the characters seem to be really there, and the "Jade Pass Love" is also very strong. The feeling was so strong that it could not be contained, so the last two sentences were written to directly express the feelings of missing the wife: "When will the Hulu be pacified and the good man stop his expedition?" Some people in later generations preferred to be "implicit" and thought that the last two sentences should be deleted and made into quatrains. Well, that’s not necessarily the case. "I don't know how good the songs are, but how powerful they are." ("Dazi Night Song"). It is generous and natural, which is the true nature of folk songs. There is no need to deliberately use such hesitant terms. From the content point of view, the last two sentences greatly deepen the ideological content of the poem and make it more socially meaningful, showing the good wishes of the ancient working people to live a peaceful life. The technique of the whole poem is like that of a movie, with pictures and "voice-over". The moon shines on thousands of households in Chang'an, the sound of wind blowing anvil merges into the desolate and cold moonscape outside Yumen Pass, and the interlude: "When will the Hulu be pacified, the good man will stop his expedition..." This is a very meaningful poetic scene, which is like a female chorus. The "interlude" is by no means redundant. It is an integral part of the painting, both outside and inside the painting. It is soul-stirring and exciting. Therefore, this poem is written from the front to thoughts and feelings, and there is endless emotion.
The fourth poem does not describe the scene but the narrative of the person. It expresses the feeling of missing her husband through the love story of a woman who "went to bed all night long". The time is the eve before the emissary transporting Zhengyi is about to depart, which greatly enhances the plot and drama of this poem. The word "rush" is not written explicitly, but from the news of "Ming Dynasty post messenger", readers can see this word everywhere in the poem, as if they can see the scene of the woman working eagerly and nervously. Regarding the specific processes of how to "catching", how to "cut", how to "sew", etc., the poet made some choices and only wrote about the feeling of pulling out the needle to cut, highlighting the word "cold". It feels very cold to pull out the needle with my bare hands, and I still have to hold the cold scissors. "Cold" not only fits "Winter Song", but more importantly, it helps to enhance the vividness of the plot.
The severe cold weather has made the fingers less dexterous, and time is running out, but the messenger is about to set off, and the anxious mood of the characters is as if drawn out. "Ming Dynasty's post sent" clearly meant some complaining. However, she thought from her own coldness that it was even colder in "Lintao" (in the southwest of Lintan County, Gansu Province today, which generally refers to the border areas). Therefore, I hope that the post messenger will leave early and quickly. This ambivalence is also expressed in no words. Readers seem to see her clapping her hands as she cuts, wadding, and sews. "A night of draping in robes" was a simple and meaningful statement, but then she became anxious again. She thought: The road is so long, and it is so cold that there is no clothes around her. This time, I was afraid that the post envoy would be late, so I hoped that the post train would speed up. "How many days will it take for the tailor to arrive in Lintao after his long journey?" This impatient question contains extreme affection and concern. The third poem in this group of poems is a positive summary of the meaning of longing for a beloved wife, but this poem is written purely from the side. Through the combination of image portrayal and psychological description, it creates a living image of a missing woman and successfully expresses the theme of the poem. Structurally, there are waves of ups and downs, the momentum is sudden, the conclusion is far-reaching, and the plot is vivid and touching.
If the third song indirectly creates a group image of Chang'an women, the third song uses individual images to show a type of person - the image of a missing woman. The bright and natural language, the vivid concentration of images, the clearer and brighter tones, and the euphemistic and profound emotions are all benefited from folk songs. It is true that "the meaning becomes shallower and deeper, the words are closer and farther away, and articles cannot be excerpted by sentences, and sentences cannot be written in words." "Ask for" the masterpiece. "Midnight Wu Song" Original Text and Translation Appreciation 3
Original text:
Chang'an is covered by a moon and the sound of thousands of households pounding their clothes.
The autumn wind never blows away, but there is always love.
On what day when the barbarians are defeated, a good man will stop his expedition.
Translation
The autumn moon is bright and clear, the city of Chang'an is bright,
The sound of pounding clothes can be heard from every house.
No matter how the autumn wind blows, the sound of the anvil can never be exhausted.
It always concerns the relatives of Yuguan.
When can the enemy (the barbarian people) be defeated and the husband’s long journey end?
Comments
1. Midnight Wu Songs: Wu-sheng songs from Yuefu in the Six Dynasties.
2 A piece of moon: a piece of bright moonlight.
30,000 households: thousands of households.
4. Can’t be blown away: can’t be blown away.
5 Yuguan: Yumenguan. These two sentences say that the rustling autumn wind cannot dispel the sadness in my heart, but it only makes me miss the soldiers far away.
6 Ping Hu Lu: Ping down the enemies invading the border.
7 The good man: refers to the old man stationed at the border. Stop: end.
8. Clothes pounding: Place the clothing material on a stone anvil and pound it with a mallet to make the clothing material soft for tailoring; place the dirty clothes that have been washed for the first time on the stone slab and pound them to remove the muddy water, and then wash them.
Although it does not write about love directly, every word is permeated with sincere affection; although it does not talk about the current situation, it does not stray away from the current situation. The sentiment and interest are not divorced from the charm of frontier poems.
The capital city under the silvery moon is peaceful on the surface, but the sound of pounding clothes contains the pain of thousands of families; the constant autumn wind also expresses the deep affection for missing the border gate. It's heart-pounding to read. The concluding sentence is the wife's expectation and Zhengren's heartfelt voice.
Generally speaking, the poet's technique is to use scene language first and then love language, and the scenes are always blended. "A piece of moon in Chang'an" describes the scenery, and at the same time, it closely follows the title, and writes the seasonal characteristics of "the autumn moon shines brightly". Seeing the moon and cherishing people is a traditional expression method in classical poetry. In addition, autumn is the season of rushing to make clothes and collect clothes, so writing about the moon also has arousing significance. In addition, the moon is as bright as day, which is just the right time to pound the clothes, and the moonlight that "cannot be rolled up in the jade curtain, but comes back after being brushed on the anvil of the clothes" can easily arouse the lovesickness of the missing woman. The cloth used for making clothes must first be placed on an anvil and pounded flat and soft with a pestle. This is called "clothing pounding". On this bright moonlit night, the city of Chang'an was immersed in the sound of anvils and pestles rising and falling, and this special "autumn sound" was an unbearable provocation to the missing woman. "One piece" and "ten thousand households" are written in light and voice, which seems to be right but not right, and the words are natural and have the flavor of chanting. Autumn wind also makes people feel melancholy. "The autumn wind blows into the window and the tents flutter", which is the third provocation to the missing woman. The moon is bright and the wind is clear, and the wind blows the anvil, and the sound is the deep feeling of remembering the people in Yuguan. Use the word "always" to express profound feelings and thoughts. Here, the autumn moon, autumn sounds and autumn wind weave into a seamless realm. There are no people in the scenery, but the characters seem to be really there, and the "Jade Pass Love" is also very strong. Wang Euzhi commented: "The first four sentences are good sentences born in heaven and earth, which were picked up by Taibai." ("Selection of Tang Poems") This feeling is so strong that it cannot be stopped, so the last two sentences directly express the thoughts of missing his wife: "When will Hu Ping Hu be killed?" "Is the good man ready to go on an expedition?" Some people in later generations preferred "implicitness". For example, Tian Tongzhi once said: "I deleted the last two sentences to make a quatrain, which makes it more ambiguous." ("Xipu Poems") 》) In fact, this may not be the case. "I don't know how good the songs are, but how powerful they are." ("Dazi Night Song"). It is generous and natural, which is the true nature of folk songs. There is no need to deliberately use such hesitant terms.
From the content point of view, as Shen Deqian pointed out, "The love words of my girlfriend suddenly hope to stop the war" ("Shuo Shi Yu Yu"), which greatly deepens the ideological content of the poem and makes it more socially significant, showing the ancient working people's desire for energy. Kind wishes to live a peaceful life. The technique of the whole poem is like that of a movie, with pictures and "voice-over". The moon shines on thousands of households in Chang'an, the wind blows anvils, and merges into the desolate and cold moonscape outside Yumen Pass. The interlude: "When will the Hulu be pacified, the good man will stop his expedition."... This is a very meaningful poetic scene. Readers should be aware that this kind of Just like the "interlude" of the female chorus, it is by no means superfluous. It is an organic part of the painting, both outside and inside the painting. It is soul-stirring and exciting. Therefore, "Autumn Song" is written from the front to thoughts and feelings, and there is endless emotion. "Midnight Wu Song" Original Text and Translation Appreciation 4
A girl from Luofu in Qin Land picked mulberry trees by the green water.
On the green strips on the bare hands, the red makeup is fresh in the day.
The silkworms are hungry and the concubine wants to go, but the five horses must not linger.
Translation
There was a Luofu girl in Qin who once picked mulberries by the green water.
With bare hands, I picked back and forth on the green strips, and the red makeup looked particularly bright under the sun.
She politely refused the prefect’s entanglement and said: The silkworms are hungry. I should go back quickly. Lord prefect, please don’t delay your Baoban’s time here.
Comments
"Qin Di" sentence: Qin Di refers to the Guanzhong area of ??Shaanxi Province today. Luofu's daughter, the Yuefu poem "Moshang Mulberry" has the poem "The sun rises in the southeast corner and returns to my Qin family building. The Qin family has a good daughter, and she names herself Luofu. Luofu is good at sericulture, and she picks mulberry in the south corner of the city."
Color: white. "Red makeup"
Sentence: refers to a woman who is very gorgeous after putting on makeup.
Concubine: A modest word for an ancient woman to call herself.
Wuma: This refers to dignitaries.
Appreciation
This poem chants the story of Qin Luofu, praising her noble character of not being tempted by wealth and refusing to be teased and tempted by dignitaries. This is a "spring song", so we use mulberry picking to get up. Meng Qi of the Tang Dynasty commented in "Poem of Benshi": "Li Bai is talented and elegant.
His comment on poetry goes like this: "The excitement is profound and subtle... but it is so good to be limited to the tone of the haiku!" ’”