2. The relationship between the Summer Palace and the surrounding water system and the practice of water management in the garden. Based on the planning blueprint of Hangzhou West Lake, it imitates the northern gardens and is built in the south of the Yangtze River according to its planning layout. The Summer Palace is modeled after the West Lake in Hangzhou. The overall planning of the Summer Palace is based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, and it also has its own characteristics and conditions. First, when Qingyi Garden built the West Lake, it should be called Kunming Lake, which has been a scenic spot in the suburbs of Beijing since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. "West Lake Scenery" has long been like the West Lake in Hangzhou, and the word-of-mouth literati wrote more words than the former. Some people also imitate the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" in Hangzhou to name the Ten Scenes of West Lake in Beijing. Secondly, at that time, the location of Mount Weng, and later Wanshou Mountain and West Lake all had the trend of north mountain and south water. Although the relationship between the northern mountains and the southern waters is a bit awkward, it provides a favorable geomorphological basis for imitating the landscaping of the West Lake. This is very important in construction. Third, Ganlong's love for Hangzhou West Lake is what Ganlong yearns for. After the Summer Palace was completed, the water surface of Kunming Lake was divided into several pieces by a lake embankment, just like the West Lake in Hangzhou. The relationship between Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake is the same as that between Gushan Mountain and West Lake, showing the trend of north mountain and south water, and Su Causeway is also north-south in West Lake. However, the imitation of the West Lake in Hangzhou by the Summer Palace is not a simple plagiarism, and it can be said that the West Lake is higher than the West Lake. The perfect combination of gardens and water conservancy projects blocks the streams of Xishan Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Shoushan Mountain, introduces them into the Yuquan Mountain water system through the stone aqueduct, and then flows into the West Lake through Yu He to build the Summer Palace. After the completion of these three water conservancy projects, a controllable water supply system of Yuquan Mountain-Yu He-Kunming Lake-Changhe River has been formed. The water supply system has successfully solved the problem of water source support in the upper reaches of Tonghui River, and ensured farmland irrigation and garden water use. At the same time, it has built a royal water tour route with more than ten kilometers from Xizhimen to Yuquan Mountain Jingming Garden. After development and transformation, the surface of Kunming Lake has formed a situation in which mountains are embedded in water. Wanshou Mountain seems to be an ideal landscape pattern, such as the northern mountain and the southern water formed by the island mountain emerging from the water. The lake extends northward to Longwang Temple at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, and remains as a big island in the lake-Nanhu Island. At the same time, another river is opened in the northwest corner, which extends northward through the west foot of Wanshou Mountain, crosses Qinglong Bridge, connects with the North Qinghe River, bypasses the west foot of Wanshou Mountain, and then branches off a branch canal and turns to the east foot, connecting the original sporadic rivers into a river "Houxi River", also known as Houhu. To the east of the lake is an endless horizon, and to the west of Yeping Lake is Shui Bo, which extends to the foot of Yuquan Mountain and sets off the western hills in the distance. Gaoshui Lake and Shui Yang Lake are successively cut and adjacent to Kunming Lake, so Qianhu Lake is not a palace wall, which greatly expands the landscape in Yuanmingyuan and integrates the inside and outside of the park.
3. According to the knowledge of architecture, compare pavilions and pavilions of different ages, cultures and styles in history, and find out their own characteristics. Du Xingting is located in front of Quzi Temple at the top of Yu 'an Mountain in Miluo City, Hunan Province. According to Qu Yuan's Fisherman, "The world is muddy, I am alone, and everyone is drunk and I wake up alone", which is called "the pavilion for waking up alone". The pavilion is a hexagonal granite auxiliary foundation, with red columns and blue tiles painting algae wells and two dragons playing with pearls. The pavilion was built in the 21st year of Qing Qianlong in Han Dynasty, and 1756 moved here. The roof of the pavilion is a hexagonal pyramid-shaped gray tile corner, and its wings are slightly tilted and proudly extended to the sky. The pavilion is made of iron-red wood structure with backrest railings around it. Granite-assisted red column biwa caisson painted with two dragon playing beads and ceiling caisson carved with golden dragon dancing were furious. This exhibition hall is extraordinary in Gu Zhuo, both generous and magnificent. In front of the pavilion are plaques inscribed by Mao Dun, an old master of modern literature, and Zhao Puchu, a famous calligrapher. Canglang Pavilion, located near Sanyuanfang in the south of Suzhou, is the oldest existing garden in Suzhou. The private garden of Su Shunqin, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, is called Canglang Pavilion. "Canglang Pavilion" began as a pool hall where Qian Yuanlin, the king of Guangling in Wu Yue State, had a close relationship with Sun Chengyou, the envoy of Wu Jun in the Five Dynasties. Su Shunqin, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, spent 40,000 yuan to buy an abandoned garden and build a pavilion by the water. Because of the feeling that "the water in Canglang is clear and clear, and the water in Canglang is turbid and sufficient", the title "Canglang Pavilion" is called Canglang Weng, and he wrote Canglang Pavilion. Although Canglang Pavilion is no longer what it looked like in the early Song Dynasty because of the changes of past dynasties, it is antique and Yusen has always maintained its ancient style, which reflects the style of gardens in the Song Dynasty to some extent. Canglang Pavilion is an antique cornice square stone pavilion. There are stone carvings under the eaves, fairies, birds and animals, and flowers in the four corners. There are stone couplets on the stone pillars. "The breeze and bright moon are priceless, and there is love near the water and far away from the mountains." The prototype of Du Fu's Caotang is Shaoling Pavilion in Du Fu's Caotang, which is located on the Huanhua River outside the west gate of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Du Fu's Caotang is the former residence of Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu. The thatched cottage completely preserved the pattern of Jiaqing reconstruction in Qing Dynasty. Garden is a very unique "mixed" China classical garden. The word "Caotang" on the plaque at the main entrance of Chengdu Du Fu Caotang was written by Aisinqiao Luo Yun, the 17th son of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Lanting is located at the foot of Zhu Lan Mountain in the southwest of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province 14 km. It is the residence of Wang Xizhi, a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Here is the beautiful scenery of "beautiful mountains and clear waters, lush forests, shady bamboo forests, clear streams and choppy reflection belts" on Yin Shan Road. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, set up a post office here when he planted Lan Han, hence the name Lan Ting. Echi Monument Pavilion is one of the garden buildings of Lanting, which was built in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province to commemorate Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty. Because Wang Xizhi loves geese, he chiseled a goose pond. There is a stone tablet engraved with the word "goose pond" in the pavilion. This stone tablet was erected in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and was taken from the East Lake Monument. It is 193cm high, 86cm wide and 28cm thick. Goose Pond Monument Pavilion is a triangular pyramid pavilion on the bank of Goose Pond. The stone pillars, the Liang Shi and the pavilion wings are tilted high, and their shapes are light and graceful, and they have the potential to spread their wings. There is a huge monument in the pavilion, engraved with two big characters, Goose Pond, written by Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi. Baipo Pavilion is located in Susan Park, Sichuan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Jiading 12 14, Wei Liaoweng, the satrap of Meizhou, Sichuan, returned here instantly according to Su Dongpo's "Scattering into Baidongpo". The poem Baipo Pavilion was built in Meizhou. Baipo Pavilion is a bridge pavilion. 1928, Meishan built Baipo Pavilion in memory of Su Dongpo, and hoped that more Dongpo-style figures would appear in Ruilian Xichi of Su San Temple. The pavilion is 20 meters long, with an eight-column pavilion in the middle and a tiled roof. There is a flying chair next to the pavilion for visitors to overlook the swimming pool. When the lotus flowers are in full bloom in summer, it is very interesting to visit objective fish to enjoy the lotus. Er Quan Pavilion is located in Xi Hui Park in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Er Quan was dug in 779 AD, in the 14th year of the Tang Dynasty. Known as "dragon and golden dragon spit". Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong once built a courtyard pool in this drinking spring and named it "Er Quan Pavilion". The pavilion in Er Quan is slim and handsome, and the top of the pavilion is decorated with dragon playing beads. There is a stone tablet inscribed by Zhao Mengfu, a calligrapher of Liao Dynasty, which is the second spring in the world. The original pavilion of Shenyue Pavilion is located on the podium of Zhou Yu, the general of Wu Dong in Gantang Lake, Jiujiang, Jiangxi. Later generations named Bai Juyi's trip to the pipa "Immersing in the Moon Pavilion" because of the phrase "When the river widens towards the full moon mysteriously". The museum was originally built in Wenzhou, Zhejiang. Formerly known as "Jiangshan Yilan Pavilion". The one-stop pavilion is also called the holy pavilion. Located on a high slope near Tieling Head, Jinhua City. It used to be the commanding height of Jinhua City, with Eight Wing Buildings in the east, Susan Temple in Tianning Temple in the west, ancestral temples of Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe in the south, Yueming Building and Wenchang Pavilion in the north. Climbing high and overlooking the Furong Peak in Beishan, the peaks in the southeast are like wildebeest galloping, and the blue mountains and rivers are far away. Two streams and two waters meet at the foot of the city and go west. There are hills, lakes and farms everywhere, and temples and pavilions are scattered in the mountains and hills, hence the name.