This poem comes from Wang Changling's "Crossing the Fortress" "The moon is bright in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty is closed, and the people who have marched thousands of miles have not returned. But the flying generals of the Dragon City are here, and they will not teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain." This quatrain has been It is known as the first of the seven-character quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. The pass in the poem refers to the ancient pass, not to close, so the subject misunderstood it. Of course, the bright moon is the moon. The question is, what is the relationship between the bright moon in Qin Dynasty and the passes in Han Dynasty? Let Yehu talk about his understanding of this poem.
First of all, the poem "The moon in Qin is bright and the moon is off in Han" uses intertextual rhetoric. We need to first understand intertextuality. Intertextuality is a rhetorical technique commonly used in ancient poetry. It can make the language more concise and implicit. The ancients defined it as: "Written by reference to each other, and the meaning is revealed." That is to say, the two sentences above and below seem to say one thing, but in fact they echo each other, elaborate on each other, and complement each other. Intertextuality is mostly between the upper and lower sentences, but there is also intertextuality within sentences. A few examples will make it clear.
There are many intertextual sentences in "Mulan Poems": "Generals die in a hundred battles, and heroes return in ten years", "Open the door of my east pavilion and sit on my bed in the west pavilion"... Du Fu has a poem " "The wine and meat in Zhumen stinks, and bones are frozen to death on the road" is also an intertext, but it is more subtle. Wine and meat are related to eating, and freezing to death is related to clothing. To understand them together, it means that the rich eat meat and drink, and wear light and warm fur clothes; the poor The people had little food and clothing, and died of cold and hunger on the roadside. In the Analects of Confucius, there is a saying, "When a disciple enters, he will be filial, and when he leaves, he will be disloyal..." These two sentences are also intertextual, and the upper and lower sentences should be understood together. It means that whether at home or outside, disciples must honor their parents and be friendly to brothers. It cannot be understood mechanically as being filial to parents at home and being friendly to brothers outside. There is no need to give too many examples. If you don’t understand intertextuality, there are many places in ancient poetry that you will not understand or will understand incorrectly.
"The bright moon of Qin Shi and the pass of Han Shi" is an intra-sentence intertext, which means that the bright moon of Qin Shi shines on the passes of Qin Shi, and the bright moon of Han Shi illuminates the passes of Han. We talk about the "weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty". The frontier fortress poems of the Tang Dynasty can be said to be the strong voice of the times, which can well reflect the "weather of the prosperous Tang Dynasty". In this poem, the moon is bright and strong, and the fortresses are firm and stable. From the Qin and Han Dynasties' unification of the world , until the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, this poem has the vicissitudes and majesty of history, the vastness and profoundness of space, and people's opposition to it also has an eternal feeling. "The people who marched thousands of miles have not yet returned." Here there is the hardship of war and border defense, but more of it is a kind of unified and powerful self-confidence and heroism from Qin to Han, and from Han to Tang.
"But the flying generals in Dragon City are here, and they don't teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountains." The allusion of "Flying General" Li Guang is a praise of the hero, and it is also used to express the unification of the Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties. A powerful empire with many heroes, but enemies thousands of miles away. The reason why this poem has a high status among Tang frontier fortress poems is that it very well and artistically embodies the spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. If you interpret this poem as pity for the border guards and lament that there are no heroes like Li Guang, then the true character will be completely lost.
Even today, when we recite this poem, we will also have a lot of pride. The first sentence "The moon is bright in the Qin Dynasty and the moon is in the Han Dynasty" will bring us into the long river of history and let us Really be a hero lying drunk on the battlefield.