Stoke imagination and provide clever guidance - expansion of ancient poems
China is known as the country of poetry, and ancient poems can be said to be treasures left over from the long history of Chinese culture. Its language is concise and general, highly condensed, but its content is quite thick: astronomy, geography, customs and customs, all-encompassing. Reciting and accumulating ancient poems can not only develop students' imagination and accumulate students' sense of language, but also consolidate students' cultural heritage. Expanding on ancient poems can not only deepen the understanding of ancient poems, but also stimulate students' interest in reading ancient poems. After several years of teaching and research practice, the author believes that the key to guiding the expansion of ancient poetry is to develop multiple channels to guide students' imagination, and then provide clever guidance on this basis to make it written.
Stimulating imagination can be carried out in the following three aspects:
1. Excavation of blank spaces to imagine
To a certain extent, the art of poetry is the art of blank spaces : Blanks in storyline, character description, psychological activities, thoughts and emotions, philosophy, etc. Teachers guide students to seize and explore these gaps. According to the five categories of poetry's narrative expression, scenery description, emotional expression, philosophical sublimation, and comprehensive inclusiveness, students are allowed to imagine by analogy, to concretely perceive the image in the aftertaste of imagination, and to activate students' thinking. , Cultivate students' creativity and lay the foundation for expanded writing.
1. Seize the "image blank" imagination. Some ancient poems do not lay out straightforward narratives, but pursue extra-poetic interest and style by outlining or getting to the point. The images depicted in the poems are often not detailed and often have a certain haziness, leaving it to teachers and students to supplement their imaginations and create an ethereal and rich artistic realm. For example, in "Village Dwelling" (The grass grows and orioles fly in the February sky, and the willows on the dike are drunk by the spring smoke. Children come back early from school, and they are busy taking advantage of the east wind to release paper kites.) What do the paper kites look like? How did the children let it go? What was the situation like at that time? So what is the beauty of "the grass grows and the orioles fly" and "the willows blow on the embankment and are drunk by the spring smoke"? What other sights might there be in these February days? Wait, there are no details in the poem. Teachers can seize these "image gaps" to guide students to develop reasonable imagination and fill in the details.
2. Closely adhere to the "emotional blank" imagination and "give up if you are emotional." In the teaching of expanded writing of ancient poems, teachers should focus on displaying the artistic conception so that readers can empathize with the poet. Language is a tool for conveying emotions, but some complex, subtle, and exciting feelings cannot be conveyed directly through language, thus leaving an emotional gap for readers. For example, in "Boat Anchor in Guazhou", the poet Wang Anshi used the scene of "the spring breeze turns green again on the south bank of the river" to express his feelings of "when will the bright moon shine on me again?" What is the scene like in the spring green Jiangnan?
The spring is full of joy, which is a pleasant thing to see. How can the poet reveal the melancholy of when he will return home? What was his mental state like at that time? What's the image like? Through the imagination of "blank space", teachers and students jointly portrayed the poet's depression and homesickness, which was worried about the failure of the reform and the uncertainty of the future.
3. Imagination around the "philosophical blank" The philosophy in ancient poetry is often contained in images, and its "blank" area is wider.
Teachers should inspire and educate students so that they can feel the underlying meaning of the poem and make appropriate associations. Zheng Xie's "Bamboo and Stone" is an ancient poem with deep philosophical meaning. The author's intention is to "mean something beyond the words, to make people think and understand." This requires teachers to guide students to appreciate the poems and imagine the situation of bamboo "still strong despite the winds of southeast, northwest and northwest", and then guide students to connect with life, thereby refining and sublimating the objects of the poem into a universal philosophy: No matter whether you are determined or studying, you should "keep your feet firmly on the green hills and never give up", and stay focused on your goals and persevere. In teaching, as long as teachers pay attention to exploring the deep heritage of poems and carry out reconstruction and imagination, students will understand the true meaning of poems.
2. Imagination with the help of audio-visual media
"Principles are in poetry, like salt in water, honey in flowers, the hidden nature of the body exists, and the traces of elements have flavor. For those who are involved in life, lack of For primary school students with life experience and literary understanding ability, it is indeed not an easy task to understand the "nature" and "taste" in the "body hidden" and "yuan trace", and to deeply understand the artistic conception of the poem and understand the poet's feelings. Teachers need to build a bridge to bridge this gap. In the teaching of expanded writing of ancient poems, they should make full use of audio-visual media, carefully design teaching links, optimize the teaching process, and enhance the intuitiveness, image and vividness of teaching, so as to be more perfect. To fully demonstrate the artistic charm of ancient poetry, stimulate students' interest in learning ancient poetry, and improve the level of expanding and writing ancient poetry.
1. Creating a poetic environment and stimulating imagination. Ancient poetry pays great attention to artistic conception. In the teaching of expanding and writing ancient poetry. Teachers should focus on creating situations, allowing students to experience the poet's emotions through the specific perception of the situation. Multimedia has the characteristics of blending shapes and sounds, interweaving movement and static, and strong appeal. Use multimedia to teach and turn words into images. Turning abstraction into images can not only mobilize students' enthusiasm for learning, but also bring students into a poetic state and stimulate their imagination. For example, when teaching the expansion of "Village Residence", the author first created a creative atmosphere for students by playing the guzheng music "Fishing Boats Sing Evening". Create a peaceful atmosphere, allowing students to enter the poetic realm while closing their eyes and listening. Then, by changing the computer screen, the distant, close-up, and panoramic views of "Growing Grass and Flying Orioles" and "Floating Willows" appear alternately, and select a number of interconnected shots. Provides students with colorful images.
Then click the mouse to let students enjoy the scene of a group of children returning home from school, talking and laughing loudly, and busy flying paper kites. In this way, all the situations in the poem are displayed in front of the students, allowing them to experience the poetic scenery as a whole, triggering imagination and arousing their interest in expanding their writing.
2. Expand information and assist in imagining. A great advantage of the multimedia computer teaching network is that it has large capacity and is not limited by time and space. It can provide a wide range of learning content in various presentation methods, so students can obtain information more easily. Richer,
they can process and express information more selectively. "Hearing that the Officers and Soldiers Recapture Henan and Hebei" mainly tells the story that when Du Fu heard the news that the officers and soldiers had regained Henan and Hebei and quelled the Anshi Rebellion, he expressed his emotions of surprise and madness with the passion after experiencing chaos and separation. Later generations praised him as Lao Du's "first time in his life". A quick poem." When teaching the expansion of this poem, the author first inputs a large amount of relevant information into the computer in advance: the writing background of the poem, the era and life of the poet, and the evaluation of the poem by celebrities, so that students can read and understand it. Then study together with the students and imagine the scenes in the poem. Thanks to the background introduction and other preparations, students can cross the long river of history, fly the wings of imagination, and integrate with the poets who lived more than a thousand years ago. They can think what the poet thinks, like what the poet likes, and have feelings for the poet** *Ming, of course the expansion will come naturally.
3. Expand your imagination through comparison. Only by comparison can you identify. Comparison can enable students to draw differences from similarities, seek common ground from differences, and have a new understanding of the knowledge they want to learn. Teachers can also take advantage of the large capacity of multimedia to learn by comparing poems with similar themes, similar situations, and the same poet. For example, when teaching the expansion of the poem "Spring Hope", in order to improve the students' understanding level and understand the poet's patriotic feelings, the author included "The Autumn Night Will Come Out of the Fence Gate to Welcome the Cold", "Showing Children", "Crossing the Lingding" "Yang" and several other poems with similar themes are displayed side by side on the screen. Just click on a poem title with the mouse and the poem will be enlarged. Enter a question about the poem and the computer will display the corresponding answer. In this way, students can search for pictures, texts, and audio-visual materials stored in the resource library that teachers have collected and processed before class. They can summarize and summarize them under the guidance of teachers. By comparing a large amount of information, they can better grasp the accuracy of the information. The emotion of the poet.
3. Carry out practical activities and imagination
Research shows that extensive practical activities can give young people more opportunities to solve problems and more independence and freedom.
< p> Conducive to the cultivation of creative personality. Allowing students to paint, perform, recite, and reproduce poetic scenes in practical activities can arouse their imagination and stimulate their creativity.1. Painting promotes imagination. When teaching the expansion of ancient poems, teachers can inspire students to imagine, exert their creative spirit, paint according to poems, and turn poems into paintings. For example, the teaching is expanded to "Scenery of the Thatched Cottage". On the basis of students' understanding of poetry, students are allowed to draw the pictures in their imaginations with the help of musical imagination. Students are encouraged to draw simple drawings or color the paintings according to their personal preferences. They can also use their own experiences to enrich the images based on their daily life practice.
2. Performance promotes imagination. For ancient poems with character activities and hidden dialogue plots, teachers can let students write and perform the roles themselves, and use their imagination based on their feelings about the roles they play. When the author was teaching the expansion of "Returning to Hometown", he asked students to go on stage to perform the dialogue between He Zhizhang and the village boy. The students were very interested. In fact, there are many such ancient poems, such as "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi", "Nanchi", etc., which can guide students to perform. Such activities are entertaining and educational, innovative in performance, and help to expand the image.
3. Reciting promotes imagination. Ancient poems have beautiful words, harmonious rhythm and rich sense of music, which are especially suitable for reciting. In teaching, through collective reading, individual reading, reading aloud, chanting in a low voice, performing reading and other forms, students can appreciate and stimulate their imagination while reading. For example: two /orioles/singing green willows/, a row of /egrets/up to the blue sky/. The window contains/Xiling/Qianqiu Xue/, the door stops/Soochow/Wanli Ship/. Let students read out the rhythm and stress, feel the artistic conception of the poem through repeated chanting, and promote the development of imagination.
On the basis of stimulating students' imagination, teachers also need to provide students with clever guidance to expand and write down ancient poems. Due to the particularity of ancient poetry itself, the guidance of expanded writing has unique characteristics that are different from those of general composition teaching. However, the teaching of expanded writing of ancient poetry is also subordinate to the general practice teaching, so it also has the unique characteristics of general practice teaching.
Personal characteristics:
1. Provide examples and seek improvement through imitation. "Imitation is learning." When teaching expansion at the beginning, teachers should lower the difficulty and provide students with examples of expansion in ancient poems. There are many extracurricular readings in the Shanghai S version of the textbook, which contain "ancient poems written today", such as "Overnight at the Mountain Temple", "Xugongdian in Suxin City", "Farewell to Wang Lun", etc. The author selected a few of them and printed them out to analyze with the students. The general mode of expansion of ancient poems can be summarized as follows: clarify the poetic meaning - determine the key points - imagine more - write articles. Using examples as a ladder helps students improve by imitating and create by imitating.
2. Horizontal contact and common development. The expansion teaching is only one part of the composition training. During the teaching, teachers should pay attention to the horizontal connections and comparisons, and combine the expansion of ancient poems with daily expansion training and composition teaching to guide students to understand, draw inferences from one instance and seek changes from the same.
3. Teaching in sections, seeking development through differences. The cognitive levels of students in each grade are different, and the focus of expansion training should also be different. Generally speaking, the lower and middle grades focus on writing simple narrative poems, such as "Early Summer in Zhenxi", "Village Residence", "Nanchi", etc. The fourth and fifth grade students mainly write poems and essays that describe landscapes, express emotions, and have deeper meanings. In the sixth grade, students can write poems and essays that sublimate philosophy. Of course, the teaching focus between each paragraph is cross-cutting, not parallel. There are differences among similarities, and similarities among differences, so that students can develop.
***Characteristics:
Teachers should also guide students to observe life, accumulate sources of expansion, develop imagination, broaden the connotation of expansion, change concepts, improve the quality of revision, and encourage submissions , Increase interest in writing. Only by the combined force of passion and personality can the expansion be truly implemented and students learn something.