How to appreciate poetry
1. Appreciate it from the perspective of describing the scenery.
Different poems describe scenes from different angles. Some focus on spatial sequence, some focus on color description, and some describe the scenery from the perspective of the characters' sensory organs. When we read, if we read these angles, we can understand the characteristics of the poem's scenery.
(1) Spatial angle
There is always a sequence in describing scenes, high and low, up and down, inside and outside, no matter what, there is always a clear hierarchy. Su Shi's "Partridge Sky", the first film describes the scenery, from far to near, from high to low, with clear levels. "Bamboo in the broken forest hides behind the wall, and there are cicadas and decaying grass in the small pond." First write about the end of the forest in the distance, where the mountains are clearly visible, and then write about the nearby green bamboo hiding the wall, and the small pond is covered with dead grass, and the sound of cicadas is everywhere. "You can see birds from time to time when you turn over the blank page, and you can see the red sprouts in the water and smell the fragrance" from high to low, in an orderly manner. It can be seen that spatial order is a perspective for appreciating landscape poems.
(2) Color perspective
The scenery written in the poem has different colors. Combining the scenery of different colors into one picture will give the effect of a painting in the poem. When appreciating The characteristics of the scene can be analyzed from the perspective of scene color. In the two lines of Wang Wei's "Pastoral Music", "The peach red contains the lingering rain, and the willow green contains the morning smoke." The red and green contrast with each other, and the colors are distinct. It reminds people of the bright peach blossoms in full bloom after a night of spring rain, and the green willow silk shrouded in the forest. A charming scene amidst the shisha smoke. The two colors of "red" and "green" play an extremely important role in appreciation. When appreciating poems and focusing on the words expressing colors, and analyzing the beauty of the painted shapes and colors, the characteristics of the scene description will be highlighted.
(3) Appreciation from the perspective of sensory organs
In poetry, the author often writes from the perspective of his own hearing, vision, smell, etc., which requires us to consider the poet when appreciating. Appreciate what you see, hear and feel. For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Snow at Night" describes snow. Every sentence in the poem describes snow, but the author writes from his own feelings, vision and hearing in order, highlighting the hugeness of the snow. The author's feeling is another angle of appreciation.
2. Appreciation from the perspective of expression techniques
When poets describe scenes, in addition to arranging the order, they always use some expression techniques. The most common are some lyrical and descriptive methods, the former such as embodying emotions in scenery, borrowing scenery to express emotions, blending scenes, and music and scenes to set off sadness; the latter such as combining movement and stillness (or using movement to set off stillness), combining virtuality and reality (or using virtual reality to express reality). ), these techniques need to be analyzed in detail in conjunction with the poems when appreciating poetry. The first two sentences of Wang Changling's "Farewell to Wei Er" describe real scenes, which are descriptions of the environment when bidding farewell. The last two sentences are virtual scenes, imagining the scene after farewell. The combination of virtual and real expands the artistic conception and deepens the theme. The use of expression techniques makes the poem more exciting, and of course it cannot be missed when appreciating it.
3. Appreciation from the perspective of the structural characteristics of poetry
Ancient poetry pays attention to succession, transition and combination. The first part of the poem usually describes the scene and the narrative, and the second part is lyrical discussion. If a poem is not written according to the general rules, then It will have its own characteristics in structure, and it is necessary to analyze these characteristics when appreciating. Either one sentence contains one scene, or every sentence describes the scene, or the scene is used as a conclusion, or the front and back are taken care of well, and the structure is rigorous. These are the characteristics of poetry structure, which are easily overlooked when appreciating. We must have a sense of structure. Appreciating poetry from a structural perspective will yield unexpected results. For example, Wang Wei's "Pastoral Music" mentioned earlier writes about red peaches, green willows, falling flowers, and singing orioles in sequence, one sentence for each scene, and "falling flowers" corresponds to "peach red" and "orioles cry" corresponds to "willow green", so that The poem has a rigorous structure, which can also be a highlight of the poem's description of the scene, rather than just its color features.
4. Appreciation from the perspective of tempering words
The ancients paid great attention to the tempering of words when writing poems, leaving behind such good stories as "one-character master" and "examination" stories , when appreciating, grasp these expressive words, you can understand the characteristics of the scenery written, the artistic conception created, the feelings expressed, and even the structural characteristics of a poem. "A branch bloomed last night", "The monk knocked on the door under the moonlight", "The spring breeze turns green again on the south bank of the river", "Looking at the waterfall hanging in front of the river in the distance"... There are expressive words used in the poems. The use of these words makes the whole scene come alive. It can give people a feeling of being there, hearing their voices, and seeing their people. One word vividly reproduces the characteristics of the scenery and expresses the author's feelings. How can one forget these when appreciating poetry?
5. Appreciation from the perspective of rhetoric
The description of scenery in literary works cannot be separated from the use of rhetoric. Rhetoric can bring scenery to life, and classical poetry is no exception. The same is true in poems describing scenery. Be able to use some rhetorical techniques, commonly used ones include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, antithesis, pun, intertextuality, questioning, rhetorical question, etc. These rhetorical techniques can not only vividly reproduce the characteristics of things, but also appropriately express the author's feelings, and can also Make the poetry sentences neat and reflect the beauty of music. When appreciating, the appreciation of rhetoric cannot be ignored. The beauty of the poem "The dew is like pearls and the moon is like a bow" describing the scenery can only be explored from a rhetorical perspective and the thoughts and feelings revealed by the author.
If you can appreciate the poems describing scenery from the above five angles, then you can understand a poem. After reading the poem, you can answer questions freely no matter which angle you ask.
Of course, there are other angles for appreciating poems describing scenery. No matter which angle you start from, you must pay attention to solving these problems: First, what scenery is described in the poem, and what are the characteristics of these scenery? What; first, what expression techniques did the author use to describe the scenery, and what is the effect of these techniques; second, what kind of thoughts and feelings did the author use these scenery to express? These aspects must be elaborated in detail in order to properly answer the questions raised at the beginning, to appreciate the characteristics of the scene description from multiple angles, and to write a comprehensive and accurate appreciation text.