The unique use of these poems often makes the realm sudden, novel, exciting and unforgettable. Today, we will extract some fine works, including English and Chinese, to appreciate the essence of ancient China culture and feel the charm of fine works of ancient poetry.
1. In Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, "Look at the red and wet place, the flowers are heavy." This poem imagines the beautiful scenery in the city in spring and the flowers in full bloom after the rain in the morning.
The word "heavy" means that flowers are heavy because of rain, showing the vigorous vitality of red, fat and green after the spring rain.
2. Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai: "The smoke cage is full of sand in the cold month and near Qinhuai at night." Starting with the description of the scenery, the misty moon on the Qinhuai River is outlined with the word "cage".
"Cage" means "surround". It skillfully blends smoke, water, sunshine and sand harmoniously, which not only gives people a soft and quiet feeling, but also implies a slightly floating modality, conveying the poet's sad feelings.
3. Wang Wei's "Make it in Fort": "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." A word "straight" shows the vastness of the desert, and the word "round" shows the grandeur of the long river.
In the forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, I wrote Xiangling's comment on this poem: "How can I smoke straight?" ? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene.
You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. There is also:' the rivers and lakes are white at sunset and the sky is blue at high tide.' The words "white" and "green" are also unreasonable. If you want to win these two words, you will feel like an olive weighing thousands of pounds. "
4. The first sentence of the third poem by Feng Yansi, a famous poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty, "The wind wrinkles a pool of spring water." It has always been recited as a good sentence, and the word "wrinkle" is used skillfully and vividly.
Emperor Li Wangjing once joked with him: "What happened to blowing a pool of spring water?" It can be seen that Feng Yansi used the word "wrinkle" so well that even the emperor appreciated and admired it.
5. Zhang Xian, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote in "Wandering Immortals" that he is worried about the passage of spring and the old age, which is very true. Among them, "clouds break through the moon to make a shadow" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of the moon and flowers, which is an immortal famous sentence.
The words "broken" and "lane" are used wonderfully, so the author is called "clouds break the moon and flowers".
6. Yan Shu's "Butterfly Lovers": "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the tall building alone to look at the horizon." Fading is better than brushing, blowing, scraping and lifting. The strength of the west wind shows the desolation of autumn, which can set off the loneliness of the owner's heart.
7. Wang Anshi's "Dengguazhou": "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me?" The choice of "green" has always been regarded as a rhetorical example. Hong Mai's "Rong Zhai Xu" contains: Sergeant Wu's house has the manuscript of this poem, "Chu Yun went again", circled the word "Zhi" and noted "Not good".
Change it to' country', change it to' gold' after one turn, and change it to' full' after one turn. If it is ten words, it is designated as' green'. The word "green" transforms the invisible spring breeze into an eye-catching visual image, conveys the information of early spring in Jiangnan, shows the whereabouts of spring breeze, and evokes people's feelings of coming to Jiangnan in spring.
Su Xiaomei once asked his younger brother Su Dongpo to add a word to each sentence in his poem "A wisp of breeze, a slender willow, a bright moon and a plum blossom". Dongpo first added the words "shake" and "reflect": "The breeze and the willows shake, and the bright moon and plum blossoms reflect." He also said, "The breeze dances with fine willows, and the moonlight hides plum blossoms." There is static and dynamic, vivid and colorful.
It didn't suit my sister twice, and then I added a word "help" and "loss" to it, and changed it to "the breeze helps the willow, and the bright moon loses the plum blossom." Dongpo couldn't help applauding! A "help" and a "loss" bring the breeze, willow, light moon and plum blossom to life, which is really higher than Dongpo's two sentences.
9. Song Song Qi's "Yu Lou Chun" "The Han Xiao outside Qingyang is light, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring." It shows the beauty of spring. The word "Noisy" vividly describes the strong breath and vigorous vitality of spring, and is praised by Wang Guowei, a famous critic in Qing Dynasty, as a beautiful sentence of "Exhausting the Realm". Because of this sentence, the author is also called "Man Chun, the branch of an almond."
10, Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream" "Do you know? Do you know that?/You know what? It should be green, fat and thin. " The word "green, fat, red and thin" accurately describes the situation of more green leaves and fewer flowers in late spring, and expresses the feeling of cherishing flowers and cherishing spring in a tortuous way. The words "fat" and "thin" are fresh and unique, turning ordinary into magic.
Another of her words, Drunken Flowers, also uses "thin": "Don't worry, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers." The word "thin" is the eye of the word and the place where the spirit of the whole word is concentrated. Because of the unforgettable sadness, the belt gradually widened and the waist became thinner. The word "people are thinner than yellow flowers" expresses feelings with vivid images, and the meaning of "eliminating people's haggard for Iraq" is in it.
Gorky said: "The first element of literature is language." If you want to make your works unique and novel, you must ponder, scrutinize and think over the words and sentences repeatedly, and swear that the words are not surprising. This is an effort to hone the language.
Extended data
Word refining method
1. Refine quantifiers? Quantifiers are closely related to mathematics and physics which pay attention to concepts and logic. Therefore, from the perspective of literature, especially poetry, it seems very boring.
In fact, the pen of a good poet is like a wand in a fairy tale, which can make the desert gush out of the oasis. Only after careful selection of quantifiers can we produce rich and meaningful poems under their urging.
2. Refine adjectives? Poetry is the subjective expression of social life. It is essential to draw a picture, turning abstraction into concreteness and invisibility into materiality, so that people can listen to its voice, see its people, touch its objects and experience its surroundings.
A considerable part of this task is undertaken by adjectives. There are two situations that deserve special attention in refining adjectives in China's classical poems. One is the overlapping use of adjectives, and the other is the use of adjectives indicating color at the beginning and end of sentences.
3. refine verbs? A poem is a word composed of some poetic images according to a certain artistic conception, which can really form a distinctive image that turns beauty into rhyme. Mainly concrete verbs that express dynamics.
Because a noun is often only an object to be stated in a poem, it is not expressive in itself, but it can give a noun a vivid form as a subject, mainly a verb that often acts as a predicate. In this way, the refinement of figurative verbs has become the main content of refining words in China's classical poems. Without refined verbs, the art of refining words is eclipsed.
4. Refine function words? In the creation of new poetry, the use of function words seems to be far less important than that in classical poetry. In classical poetry, function words, after proper tempering, can achieve aesthetic effects such as dredging literary style, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, activating emotional charm, and turning stagnation into flow.
Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu" pointed out that "poetry should be supported by Zhuang words and reconciled with movable type. It is from this angle that we can see the function of refining function words. Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were good at using function words, especially Du Fu. -See Resources for excerpts from refined words and refined meanings.
Reference link source: Baidu Library-Appreciation Collection of Fine Words of Ancient Poetry