Huang Chao (? ~884) was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty and a native of Caozhou Yuanju (now Heze, Shandong). After failing to win the imperial examination, he led thousands of people to revolt in Caozhou in 875 AD. After Wang Xianzhi's death in 878 AD, he was promoted to the leader and was called Chongtian General. In 881, he conquered Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, established a peasant regime, and the country was named Da Qi. However, the enemy was able to counterattack because it failed to establish a more stable base and failed to take advantage of the victory to pursue and annihilate the remaining forces. Later, due to running out of ammunition and food, he was forced to withdraw from Chang'an and fight in Shandong. In 884, he was defeated and committed suicide in the Langhu Valley of Mount Tai. There are three poems. The first two use the title chrysanthemum to express one's ambition to be independent and proud of the world. "If I were the Qing Emperor in another year, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms blooming all over the place." "A" and other sentences all embody a heroic spirit and astonishing spirit. He is worthy of being an eternal hero who rose up. The last song "Self-Inscribed Portrait" is a different style, which presents to people "a monk's clothes dressed in iron" , The style of a generation of Confucian generals who "leaned alone on the railing to watch the sunset" is admirable.
The person who wrote about chrysanthemums in the lightest way is Tao Yuanming. He is picking chrysanthemums in a basket and looking at the mountains through the fence. Huang Chao wrote the most intense poem about chrysanthemums in the spirit of war. "When autumn comes on September 8th, I will bloom and kill hundreds of flowers; the incense array will penetrate Chang'an, and the whole city will be covered with golden armor." In his writing, chrysanthemums, Transformed into a strong and strong soldier, enlightened and full of murderous aura. A few years later, Huang Chao really commanded a million troops, and his troops pointed at Chang'an. The city was full of soldiers, their golden armor shining like chrysanthemums.
When this poem was written, Huang Chao was defeated. This was the most unusual and most sensational examination in history. In the Tang Dynasty and other dynasties, Huang Chao was one of the rare scholars who fell into turmoil due to failure in the imperial examinations. Meng Haoran didn't pass the exam, so he just listened to his friends' advice, packed up his bags, and headed back to the mountains, eventually becoming a hermit. Doing business, teaching, and joining the shogunate were all possible, but Huang Chao was drinking and writing poems in front of the chrysanthemums. He recalled everything on the way to Beijing, thought of the excessive taxation by the government officials, and let a ball of resentment pass through the blooming chrysanthemums. Exhaustively written. This former scholar and salt merchant clenched his fists facing the distant figure of the Tang Dynasty, which was about to fall. No one knew what shocking behavior Huang Chao, who was drunk and sleeping, would do next. Just a bunch of blooming chrysanthemums ignited anger in his heart.
The article does not appeal to the eyes of an expert, but Huang Chao fought the battle in a measured and courageous manner, attacking the city and conquering the stronghold with overwhelming force. The scholar who once read poetry and books and had a great mind for strategy quickly grew into the leader of an insurrectionary army with many scars from many battles. He is a god of war in troubled times. Five years later, he came to Chang'an again. Along the way, he made no mistake with Minqiu. The soldiers rushed to distribute their belongings to the poor people. What greeted him were the people of Li who burned incense and knelt down to worship. On Huang Chao's shirt, a huge chrysanthemum bloomed in the winter sunshine. Huang Chao's "Ode to the Chrysanthemums of Budihou" is a miracle in the entire history of poetry.
Inscribed on chrysanthemums
The rustling west wind fills the courtyard with plants, and the pistils are cold, fragrant and cold, and butterflies are hard to come by.
If I were the Qing Emperor in another year, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms.
If you don't have a good time, you can give chrysanthemums
When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom.
The towering incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is covered with golden armor.
Self-inscribed portrait
I remember that when I was flying on the grass, I was wearing a monk's clothes in iron clothes.
There is no one on the Tianjin Bridge, only one is leaning against the railing to watch the sunset.