Untitled time was long before I met her, but is longer since we parted by Li Shangyin
Li Shangyin was a great poet in the late Tang Dynasty, and was as famous as Du Mu at that time. However, in terms of influence on later generations, he surpassed Du Mu. An important contribution of Li Shangyin in the history of poetry is to creatively enrich the lyric art of poetry. In his poetry creation, he often constructs a beautiful image with clear words and beautiful sentences, with deep feelings, hidden meanings and beautiful scenery. The works that can best show this style feature are his seven-character laws, among which the works Untitled (mostly seven-character close-to-body) are typical. Poems are titled "Untitled", which is the creation of Li Shangyin. This kind of poetry is not made in one place at a time, and most of them describe love, and its content is called "untitled" because it is inconvenient to express it clearly or because it is difficult to express it with an appropriate topic. Some of them may not have their own sustenance, or they may have the ability to love. Although many scholars have made textual research on this, before there is conclusive evidence to prove that they have their sustenance or what they really depend on, they should be treated as general love poems based on the artistic conception formed by poetry images, which does not hinder the understanding of their artistic value. The following "Untitled" is regarded as a masterpiece to express love:
time was long before I met her, but is longer since we parted, and the east wind has arisen and a hundred flowers are gone.
and the silk-worms of spring will weave until they die, and every night the candles will weep their wicks away.
mornings in her mirror she sees her hair-cloud changing, yet she dares the chill of moonlight with her evening song.
There are no multiple routes from Pengshan to oh blue-birds, be listening!-Bring me what she says!.
This poem expresses the love psychology in a feminine tone. It contains burning desire and persevering spirit in sadness and pain, and the emotional realm is deep and rich.
in the first two sentences, write about the unfortunate experience of love and the mood of the lyric hero: because of some kind of power, it is difficult for a pair of lovers to meet, and the pain of separation makes her unbearable. The word "don't" in the first sentence does not mean that we are saying goodbye now, but refers to the established forced separation. Two words "difficult", the first refers to the difficulty of meeting, and the second means pain and embarrassment. In previous poems, there were some sentences such as "It's easy to meet the difficulties of another day" (Cao Pi's Yan Ge Xing) and "It's hard to meet the difficulties of another day" (Song Wudi's Ding Du Hu Ge), all of which emphasized the difficulty of reunion and lamented the pain of parting. Li Shangyin went further from here, indicating that "it is difficult to meet each other" so "it is also difficult to leave"-it is difficult to give up and the pain is unbearable. The poet used the word "difficult" twice in a sentence, and the appearance of the second word "difficult" gave people a slight sense of suddenness because of repetition, which caused the poem to be connected with each other, making the pain of parting after seeing each other for a long time appear particularly deep and lingering because of the low expression; This kind of lingering modality is not easy to understand in the flat narration such as "Don't be easy to be rare". This lyrical hero is already so sad, just facing the scenery in late spring, which of course makes her sad. In late spring, the east wind is weak, the flowers are blooming, and the beautiful spring is about to pass away. There is nothing for human beings to do about it, and their own misfortune and spiritual pain are just like the flowers that wither with the passage of spring, because the beautiful things are destroyed, which makes people feel endless disappointment and regret! The sentence "and the east wind has arisen and a hundred flowers are gone" not only describes the natural environment, but also reflects the lyricist's state of mind. Things blend with me, and the mind and nature have achieved a subtle fit. This description of reflecting people's situation and feelings by scenery is common in Li Shangyin's pen. For example, the first two sentences of "note on a rainy night to a friend in the north": "Jun asked that the return date was not fixed, and evening rain rose to the autumn pool." The second sentence not only symbolizes the poet's staying in Bashu, but also reflects the boredom of the guest's leaving people. Like "and the east wind has arisen and a hundred flowers are gone", realism and symbolism are integrated into one, giving feelings an external form that can be touched, which is usually called the lyrical way with feelings in the scenery.
three or four sentences, and then write the feelings of "it is difficult to meet each other" and "it is also difficult to leave", which is more tortuous. The word "silk" in "and the silk-worms of spring will weave until they die" is homophonic with "thinking". The whole sentence means that you miss each other like a silkworm spinning silk until you die. "and every night the candles will weep their wicks away" is a metaphor for the endless pain of not being together, as if the wax tears didn't run out until the candle burned to ashes. Miss more than, showing the deep attachment, but will be in miss all his life, but it also shows that the meeting is indefinite and the future is hopeless. Therefore, his own pain will follow him all his life. However, although the future is hopeless, she loves it to death and will be attached to it all her life; Despite the pain, there is only patience. Therefore, in these two sentences, there are both disappointed sadness and pain, as well as lingering and burning persistence and pursuit. Pursuit is hopeless, and we still have to pursue it in hopelessness, so this pursuit is also pessimistic. These feelings seem to circulate endlessly, and it is difficult to find their ends; It seems to form a multi-faceted three-dimensional, and light can't see the whole picture from one angle. The poet successfully expressed such a complicated psychological state with only two metaphors, which shows that his association is very rich. The sentence "Spring Silkworm" is first of all the association between the lingering attachment of human beings and the endless spinning of silk by spring silkworms, and then it goes from the spinning of silk by silkworms to the end of "death" to the unswerving love of human beings. Therefore, it is written that "silk is exhausted until death", which makes this image have various metaphorical meanings. "Making Silk", a western song of Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties, said: "Spring silkworms should not be old (no, it means" ignoring "here), and they often wear silk day and night. What a pity! When you are exhausted, it's time to be lingering. " The intention is similar to the sentence of "Spring Silkworm" in Untitled. However, the idea of "how to be exhausted" in the spring silkworm here is an idea that "lingering has its own time" and the future is quite promising. The sentence "Spring Silkworm" in Untitled is not the case. As far as its pursuit spirit is concerned, its pursuit is hopeless, but it does not care whether there is hope or not. The emotional realm is different and the association is more tortuous. It is not uncommon to compare the burning of candles with painful suffering in the Yuefu of the Southern Dynasties before Li Shangyin. For example, "Thinking of a gentleman is like a candle, frying in the middle of the night" (Wang Rong's "Coming out of the gentleman"), "Thinking of a gentleman is like a candle at night, frying tears for thousands of lines" (Chen Shuda, same topic) and so on. "and every night the candles will weep their wicks away" is also a metaphor with candles, but it does not simply compare the pain with wax tears. Instead, it further reflects the painful feelings for life by "starting from ashes". The association is much deeper and more complicated than the previous people, and the image is much richer.
the above four sentences focus on revealing the inner emotional activities, making the unspeakable complex feelings concrete and beautifully written. Five or six sentences turn to writing extroverted thoughts. Write about yourself in the first sentence and imagine each other in the second sentence. "Change your temples" means that you can't sleep at night because of the painful torture, so that your temples fall off and your face is gaunt, which is what Wu Jun, a poet of the Six Dynasties, said: "Change your temples when you are worried, and your beauty will disappear when you cry" ("Six Poems with Xiao Xi Ma Zi"). However, the sentence "Xiao Jing" in Untitled said that when looking in the mirror in the morning, I was worried about "cloud temples change" and was "but worried"-just worried about it. This vividly describes the spiritual activities of the graceful songs, rather than simply describing the fact that youth is consumed by pain. I am haggard at night because of pain, and I am haggard and miserable in the morning. The pain at night is because the pursuit of love cannot be realized; The next day, I am worried about being haggard, hoping to stay young for love. In short, I am haggard for love, but miserable and depressed. This kind of lingering feeling around the clock still shows a painful and persistent heart. The sentence of "singing at night" is to put yourself in others' shoes and imagine that the other person is as painful as himself. He guessed that the other party would probably lose sleep at night, and often sang poems to mourn, but he was so worried that he couldn't get rid of it, so he felt more and more desolate in the environment, the moonlight was cold, and his mood became more bleak. The hue under the moon is cold, and "should feel the moonlight cold" is to reflect the psychological desolation through the physiological cold feeling. The word "should" is a tone of conjecture and expectation, indicating that all this is my imagination of the other party. Imagination is so vivid that it reflects her eagerness and deep understanding of her lover.
The more concrete you imagine, the deeper you miss, and the more you will ignite the desire to meet. Since the meeting was hopeless, I had to ask the messenger to pay tribute to myself and visit him for myself. This is the content of the last two sentences. Fairy couples are often compared in poems. Jade Bird is the messenger of a female immortal, the Queen Mother of the West. Pengshan is a fairy mountain in myth and legend, so here Pengshan is used as the symbol of the other party's residence, and Jade Bird appears as the messenger of the lyric hero. This hope at the end of the messenger has not changed the painful situation of "it is difficult to meet each other", but it is hopeless hope and the future is still slim. The poem is over, and the pain and pursuit of the lyric hero will continue.
From beginning to end, this poem is full of pain, disappointment, lingering and persistent feelings. Each couplet in the poem is a reflection of this emotional state, but the specific artistic conception of each couplet is different from each other. They repeatedly show the complex feelings that run through the whole poem from different aspects, and at the same time, they vertically reflect the psychological process with such complex feelings as the content with their close connection. This kind of lyricism, which is continuous, subtle and profound, successfully reproduces the deep affection in my heart.
Similar descriptions can be found in the first, third, fourth and fifth sentences in Li Shangyin's previous poetry creation. Inspired by predecessors' creation, the poet inherited and used for reference. However, he did not simply imitate his predecessors, but took a big step forward with high creativity, transforming the original simple means of expression into more twists and turns and vivid ones to reflect richer and deeper thoughts and feelings. In fact, he has taken off the old traces and become a new creation. It can be seen from this that the poet's rich literary accomplishment and his exploration of artistic conception and means of expression are important conditions for the success of this poem.