The Significance of Ancient Poetry in Quiet Night Thinking —— On the Teaching of Quiet Night Thinking of Ancient Poetry
American educational psychologist Ausubel wrote this sentence on the title page of his book Educational Psychology: "If I had to sum up all educational psychology in one sentence, I would say that the only and most important factor affecting learning is what students already know." In other words, teachers should first understand what students "know" when teaching in a class. Only by knowing the facts of students can we determine the teaching objectives and key points of this course and find effective teaching methods suitable for this course. To this end, I tried to design the idea of preparing lessons for ancient poetry teaching. Here I will take the first volume of the standard experimental textbook for compulsory Chinese education in primary schools as an example to talk about my preliminary ideas.
Due to some early education at present, students have long been familiar with the classic chapter of Silent Night Thinking, which is easy to understand and well known to all women and children. If the teacher is still confined to the routine in the classroom, most students will definitely lose interest from beginning to end, and the teaching effect can be imagined. Therefore, in view of this reality, I made a bold attempt and adopted the method of "hierarchical teaching", that is, I put forward "high-level" requirements for students with spare capacity to stimulate their desire for exploration. For low-level students, it is mainly in the form of student-student cooperation and teacher-student cooperation to put forward requirements step by step, so that students can finally gain something and innovate.
According to the requirements of primary school Chinese curriculum standards for the teaching of ancient poetry, I have determined the teaching goal of the article "Thinking about a Quiet Night" as: 1. Read the whole poem with emotion and recite it. 2. Learn the four new words "eyes, ears, head and meters" and know the ten second-class words "stillness, night, bed, light, lift, head, hope, low, reason and hometown". 3. Accumulate and collect poems that miss hometown. The focus of teaching is to learn new words, recite the whole poem and accumulate language.
The specific teaching process is as follows:
Explain the topic first and understand the learning situation.
Students are the main body of learning and development. Chinese curriculum should be based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and Chinese learning, pay attention to students' individual differences and different learning needs, and fully stimulate students' initiative and enterprising spirit. So, after introducing the title of the poem, I'll learn about the study first: Have you heard this ancient poem, little friend? How much do you know about this ancient poem? (Some students know the author, some can understand it, and some already know it by heart.)
It is based on this understanding of students' "knowledge" that I tried the layered teaching method.
Second, guide the situation and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
In order to respect students' individual differences and personalized learning styles, I first make a request: (1) Students who can already read and recite find a learning partner to hold a competition to see who can read correctly and recite well. (2) Students who can't learn pinyin will find trusted study partners (including teachers) to learn pinyin together.
Secondly, teachers patrol to understand the learning effect of students at different levels.
Finally, students communicate at different levels, so that students at lower levels can read ancient poems and pay attention to correct pronunciation. Then let the high-level students compete with their partners, and the students evaluate themselves. During this period, teachers must take into account the development needs of different students, and strive to make different students feel the joy of success and persevere, making it a spiritual accumulation in students' hearts.
In addition, poetic understanding and reading guidance can't be far-fetched, and teachers' analysis can't replace students' actual feelings. Let students deepen their understanding and experience in positive thinking and emotional activities, gain some feelings and thoughts, and be influenced by emotions. In the reading teaching of the ancient poem "Thinking about a Quiet Night", I pay attention to the life and experience of the students: "Have you missed the person you love?" Tell me specifically how I felt at that time. Then the great poet Li Bai wrote this ancient poem with the same mood as you. "It can be said that emotional * * * and unique feelings will make students reread this ancient poem in a strong homesickness.
Third, guide writing and consolidate literacy.
In the curriculum standard, it is required to write with simple strokes, not asking for more, but refining. Teachers should guide students to write basic strokes and stroke order rules. The words in this lesson are all learned before. The teacher asked the students to read first and then choose their favorite words. How do you remember them? But don't do too much font analysis. Then the teacher instructs the writing. Model essay is very important in grade one. In this process, teachers should pay attention to the rules of stroke order, but students are not required to memorize. Finally, let students practice writing, which can reflect flexibility and give students the space to choose independently. There is no need to make the same request (at least two). After writing, students can also show their favorite words to their study partners and teachers, so that students can further experience the fun of literacy and writing.
Fourth, consolidate practice and strengthen accumulation.
In order to consolidate the content of this lesson, I designed the following exercises:
1, students read new words and expand them.
2. Game: The hedgehog picks apples. (Hold a recitation contest)
3. Expand and accumulate: What other poems do you know that miss your hometown? It doesn't matter if you don't know. Don't ask too many questions, as long as you have a sense of accumulation. )
Teachers, send the collected poems describing homesickness to students for them to read. Those who have the ability can try to recite it.
Fifth, summarize the full text and arrange practical work.
In the arrangement of homework, I arranged for students to observe the night sky and tell my classmates what they saw. At the same time, I asked my spare classmates to collect other ancient poems of Li Bai and write down poems describing homesickness. You can ask your parents or other elders, or you can find it yourself. ) This not only pays attention to students' individual development, but also cultivates students' extensive reading interest, expands the reading scope, and truly teaches for students!
Further reading
Peach blossom demon, begonia jiao, spring is another year old.
Cui Luo's clothes, Zhu Jin's quilt and Wu Geng's broken dreams are the most vulnerable.
There are tattoos in the corner of my eyes, tears under my cheeks, and my face in the mirror is gaunt.
You should regret it when you think about it at night and get drunk every day.
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Once again, when a season is warm and cold, I came to this day of burning roses, moved by the scene before me, and I don't know how to cry. This spring, I don't know who will be your warm heart; On this day, I want to know who will send you beautiful roses. Standing in front of the romantic window, holding a trace of sunset thoughts, recalling tenderness and the past, my eyes met the rainy season, and I was lonely and had nowhere to hide.
Lonely lamp alone in the west building, cold wind sake new sorrow. Thinking alone at night, my thoughts wander around like ghosts. I really don't know whether I am looking forward to tomorrow or missing the past, but obviously, somewhere in my heart is for a painful person. The lonely lamp is stretching the lonely shadow, and the voice of the wind is singing. I wonder if it's to pay homage to the infatuation of previous lives? Still crying about the hardships of this life? I don't know the loneliness in the world, who can escape? Who can hide? "Busy three thousand, looking at are floating clouds, endless troubles. If you want to open it, it will be fine. " But who can throw the sorrow out of the cloud nine when talking and laughing? Who can melt sadness into traces in a glass of wine? Perhaps, everything is predestined, and you and I are just a role in the drama that God has already arranged.
In the dead of night, the lights are flickering, the wind is twisting my thoughts, turning the paper and ink, and thinking about a thousand things in the simple notes of the years. When I greet the moonlight, I will miss you for a long time, like the feelings of water, blooming quietly under the moon. Fill a glass of sake, listen to the wind, get drunk with the moon, remember a period of time, twist a romantic moon, and how many past events have locked the cold in the brow. The thinner the book, the thinner the New Year, and the heavy thoughts are precipitated. It's hard to forget the missing man. At the moment, I am combing my thoughts through my fingers, but I can't stop, and I am still confused. Drink a cup of vicissitudes of life, sprinkle a pillow with acacia, break a smile, use a book to clarify words, read the wind into rhyme, and lean against the window to send a message to the other side. Are you asleep at this time? Or is it like I can't sleep alone at night? I wonder if your eyes have crossed my figure? I wonder if you feel that I miss you quietly in the distance?
Gently open the sash, let the cold wind blow, and comb my messy thoughts. Countless old dreams and new worries are tightly locked in the heart, and the soul is firmly imprisoned by loneliness. In the depths of loneliness, I only miss the sky and send wine to each other. I wonder if the cold wind can blow me into your dream so far away? The night is long and the memories are heavy. When I opened the text, the pages of acacia were still clear. You are like a water lily blooming in my memory, still so fragrant, still so beautiful and still so holy. To love someone is to hope that she can be happy, to hide her deepest feelings in the bottom of my heart, to watch her happiness calmly, to come and go quietly, to hide in her corner quietly, and to feel the pain that has crossed the heart.
Stand quietly, look at the sky, pour a cup of lonely night, drink lonely sadness, and hope to unload the layers of burden after drunkenness. Winter has passed and spring is fading away. No matter how much you and I keep the old days, we can't stop them from leaving. No matter how you and I describe it, it is difficult to reproduce its vividness. In the dead of night, I meditated and remained silent. I miss you inch by inch and give you a little blessing. Happy Valentine's Day!