The word (former 551-former 479) was born in Qiaoyi, Changping Township, Shandong Province in the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius called himself "Yin people". His ancestors were Wei, Yin's brother. After Yin was destroyed, it was sealed by the King of Zhou in Song Dynasty and worshipped by Shang Dynasty. Confucius, the thirteenth ancestor of Confucius, had a surname only when his father was Jia. Kong is a senior official of Song State and a fu. Because of the chaos in the government, he was killed by the governor of Zhongzhou, and his son went to Lu, just to be an official. My great-grandfather Kong is a doctor, and his father Uncle Liang is a soldier. He is famous for his bravery. He was born in Kong Qiu with Yan Zhizhai in his later years. "Autumn begets death" (Historical Records Confucius Family). Soon after, he moved to Qufu with his mother and lived a poor life. This is what Confucius said, "I was very cheap when I was young" (The Analects of Confucius Zi Han). He said, "I am determined to learn five out of ten" (the Analects of Confucius is the government), and the learning method is mainly self-study, with the spirit of being open-minded and eager to learn. The so-called "I am not born knowing, but eager to learn before" (The Analects of Confucius, Shu Ye) and "I went to the ancestral temple to ask everything" (The Analects of Confucius, 8). When Confucius was twelve years old, he was a minister who helped the world. At the age of 22, he was taught in Lu Li, and disciples from Shandong, such as Ceng Dian, Yan, Qin Shang and Ran Geng, all went to his home to study. Around the age of thirty, private schools flourished, and the so-called "standing at thirty". At the age of thirty-four, he accepted Lu Jun's chariots, horses, servants and financial aid. Accompanied by his uncle Nangong Shu Jing, he paid a courtesy visit to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, visited the suburban community, and was admitted to Mingtang. After Confucius returned from his visit to Zhou, his private studies became more prosperous.
When Lu was nine years old and Confucius was fifty-one, he took Confucius as his capital. Within a year, all the four directions will do, from which they will all go to Sikong, from Sikong to Dashikou "(Historical Records Confucius Family). In the tenth year of Ding Gong, Confucius and Qi Jinggong met in the valley and returned home in triumph. After returning to Lu, he helped launch the movement of "reducing the three capitals", which played a role in strengthening public office and weakening the Ji family. At this time, Qi conspired to alienate the princes and ministers of Lu, and Confucius had to lead his disciples to leave Lu at the age of 55 and began a 14-year journey around the world.
Confucius visited Zhao, Kuang, Cao, Song, Chen, Pu, Zheng, Cai, Jin and Chu, roaming the Central Plains, hoping to advocate the "civil-military way" to quell the chaos in the world. As a result, I hit a wall everywhere and suffered setbacks repeatedly, leaving little room. However, he didn't seem to lose heart. Even in times of crisis, he still can't finish singing the song, "Do what you know you can't do" ("The Analects of Confucius"). In eleven years, Confucius returned to Shandong at the age of sixty-eight. He took Luo Xue as his career and collected and sorted out cultural classics, and taught books for his disciples, such as poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, Yue, Yi and Chunqiu, which were handed down to later generations. Confucius made great contributions to the development of ancient culture, education and learning in China. He "teaches with poetry, and his disciple covers 3,000 Yan, and there are two people who are proficient in six arts" (Historical Records Confucius Family). In the spring of the sixteenth year of Aigong, Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried in Surabaya, north of Qufu. Confucius' disciples "followed the words of the master" and compiled The Analects of Confucius, which recorded the main ideas of Confucius. Many of Confucius' disciples are related to Mount Tai. The first disciple was Yan Hui. "Confucius' Family Language" contains: "Yan Zi and Confucius went up to Lushan Mountain, and there was a white horse outside the southeast gate of Confucius, which led Yan Yuan to show them: What if I saw Wuchang Gate? Yan Yuan said: Yes. Confucius said: What is outside the door? Yue: It's like practicing for nothing. Confucius closed his eyes. "The land is in front of the Daiding Confucius Temple, and the Ming people set up a stone workshop here. Also called Wang Wufeng and Ziyan Kong here. In Wenyangchang, southwest of Mount Tai and north of Wenshui, there is a "Swallow Slope", which was the place where master and apprentice went down the mountain. Yan Hui, who is knowledgeable and short-lived, evokes the memory of Taishan people.
Ceng Zi is the most effective scholar in studying loyalty and filial piety among Confucius' disciples. He is known as the Ceng Zi School, and has written The Book of Filial Piety and The University. And was regarded as a "saint" by later generations. Ceng Zi was also the author of early Taishan folk songs. It is said that once "plowed under Mount Tai, the rain and snow were freezing, and he couldn't return for ten days, thinking about his parents and writing Song of Songs". Its tunes are gloomy and desolate, full of sadness, and then spread widely. Later generations of Zhuge Liang and Li Bai were good at singing this song. This should be said to be Ceng Zi's contribution to Taishan culture.
If there is a son, it is also called a son, one of the twelve philosophers of Confucius. In the Analects of Confucius, Confucius disciples only called Zeng Shen, especially if he was a "son", which was enough to show his position at that time. According to Mencius on Teng Wengong, after Confucius died, his disciples missed him day and night. Because you ruo looks like Confucius, Xia Zi, Zhang Zi, Zi You and others asked each other for advice, made you ruo a teacher, and served and consulted respectfully as Confucius did before his death. Youzi's hometown is Youjiazhuang, Feicheng City, at the foot of Mount Tai, where there are descendants of Ruo. The tomb of Youzi is near Youjiazhuang. The stone tablet of the Song Dynasty was unearthed in the fifty years of Qing Qianlong (1785), which proves that this place is undoubtedly the graveyard of wanderers.
Rangeng, whose real name is Boniu, is one of the twelve philosophers. He is called Yan Hui, Min Ziqian and Zhong Gong with virtue. Sun Chou, a disciple of Mencius, believes that Ran Geng is roughly close to Confucius, but not as profound as Confucius. Later, when Rangeng was seriously ill, Confucius went to see him and sighed sadly: "If you die, you will die!" " ! Everyone has his own disease! Someone is sick! "Rangeng's hometown is in Feicheng Ranjiazhuang, and Ranshi's descendants live together. There is Ranzi Temple in the village, where people worship their ancestor Ranzi. In the 13th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1735), a hereditary doctor of the Five Classics was specially set up for the Ran clan, who was born for twelve years to show his special care for this Tessa.
Fang Lin is a well-read scholar. "The Analects of Confucius. "Eight-part essay": "The origin of Fang Lin's courtesy. Confucius said,' What a big problem! Ceremony, not luxury, is quite frugal; It is better to mourn than to lose. When Ji Jia offered sacrifices to Mount Tai, Confucius said angrily, "Alas! I once said that Mount Tai is not as good as the forest? "Fang Lin's hometown is in the urban and rural areas of Xintai today. This place is named after Fang Lin. Sixty years of Qing Qianlong (1736). A cultural relic unearthed in the local area proves that this is Fang Lin's hometown. The local people call it "the release of Taishan forest". As an outstanding representative of Taishan people's "knowing ceremony", the ancestral forest release temple was specially built in his hometown for people to sacrifice and pay tribute.
"The rocks on Mount Tai are what Lubang expected". This is the admiration of Mount Tai in the Book of Songs edited by Confucius in his later years. The influence of Mount Tai on Confucius is enormous: learning etiquette and learning music, from which we can get a glimpse of the whole leopard in the meditation ceremony; Climb Mount Tai and be small in the world, and judge your virtue and knowledge with a broad vision and mind; On the deathbed of Confucius, Kong Li, Yan Hui and Luz died one after another. Knowing that the sun was dying, they sang "Mount Tai collapsed! The beams and columns are destroyed! The last song of "The Withering of Philosophers" links one's own life and death with Mount Tai, which shows the extraordinary position of Mount Tai in Confucius' mind.
Confucius' influence on Mount Tai is far-reaching: the Oracle Bone Club is a successful example of Confucian politics, which proves that Confucianism is by no means an illusory person who is "putting on airs and arguing irrationally" and "knowledgeable but unable to show the world"; "Guishan Exercise" and "Qiuling Pavilion" lead to the eternal songs of Qu Yuan and Li Bai in "It's hard to walk"; The long-term trip to Qilu made me realize that "the wise enjoy water and the benevolent enjoy Leshan", which seems to involve the influence of cultural geography on people's personality; Careful observation is the effect of landscape appreciation on people's psychology and health, and it is undoubtedly the earliest enlightenment to tourism psychology and tourism aesthetics. If anyone has left the richest ideological and cultural heritage in traveling, then Confucius is well deserved. Later generations closely linked Confucius with Mount Tai and praised him as "Mount Tai among Confucius saints and Confucius in Mount Tai Yue" (Yan Ming Xiaoyun's Fu on Confucius Temple), which is quite meaningful. Mount Tai also has buildings about Confucius. There are two Confucius temples, one in the southeast of Daimiao in Taicheng, which was built in Song Dynasty, and the other in the east of Daidingtian Street and the west of Bi Xia Temple, which was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. In addition to Confucius, Yan Hui, Ceng Zi, Mencius and Zisi are also enshrined in the temple, which is designed for the "Four Pairs" and "Twelve Mosses". Xu Zonggan, magistrate of Tai 'an County in Qing Dynasty, wrote an inscription: "The higher you raise, the stronger you drill, and you can speak;" It should be natural to surpass its class and excel. "
"Confucius Landing Place" archway. In front of the Red Gate Palace. In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1560), it was built by Zhu An and others. A couplet was inscribed on the square: "Wang Su passed down through the ages alone, and the Lord celebrated for thousands of years from afar. "But before the Han Dynasty, you had to climb Mount Tai East Road, and you had to go to Dajinkou Township in the mountains. The Ming people built workshops here with Confucian culture to remind tourists to "speak for the saints" and expand Confucius' influence in Mount Tai.