The Biography of Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty said: "Wang Anshi was born in Linchuan, Fuzhou. The stone is the first.
Shoot at the right servant and see the palace of literature. When writing Zi Shuo, Buddhism and Laos are often attached. At that time, scholars did not dare to give lectures, and the main division was purely used to select scholars, and scholars and English were in their proper places. The first Confucian passed on all the waste, which was useless. "
Later, after the New Deal, this book was banned and lost, and it has been passed down to this day. Wang Anshi believes that the sound and shape of Chinese characters contain the principle of everything. "The intonation, opening, meeting, going in and out, as well as vertical and horizontal, straight, evil and right, up and down, inside and outside, left and right, all come from nature, not man-made."
He wrote Zi Shuo from this angle, so there are many points in it. Although this book has been lost, it was once popular in the contemporary world and was annotated and quoted by many people.
Therefore, we can also have a general understanding of it from the writings of Song people. For example, Lu Dian's Ya Ya cited 20 pieces of Zi Shuo, Ye Daqing's Archaeological Inquiry cited 2 1 piece, Shi Yang's Zi Shuo Bian cited 23 pieces, Zhu Yi's Guessing Miscellaneous Notes cited 2 pieces, Yuan Wen's Uneasy cited 4 pieces, and Huang Huying's Jing Kang Miscellaneous Notes, etc.
In the Ming Dynasty, some Zi Shuo quoted from the Song Dynasty, such as Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Zhao Nanxing's Complete Works of Nanxing, and Wang Shizhen's Su Changgong's Collected Works, may have been originally published in the notes of the Song Dynasty, but now they have been lost. Many of Zi Shuo's explanations are ridiculous.
We can get a glimpse from the following notes of the Song Dynasty: Jian Xu's Record of Xiao Man says: Dongpo heard of the new creation of Gong Jing's Zi Yue, and the play said, "Why is it ridiculous to take a bamboo whip horse as a' Benedict' and a bamboo whip dog?" He said, "There is also evidence that the word' nine' is a bird." The poem says:' Owl dove is in mulberry, and his son is seven'; And mom and dad, exactly nine. "
Zeng Minxing's Lonely Wake Magazine has been published for five years: Wang wrote Zi Shuo. One day, he hesitated and thought for a while. The son-in-law asked a servant to see him because he invited him.
Gong said, "I didn't get the word' fly'." The woman said, "The bird's paw is on the opposite side."
The public thinks so. Shao Bo's Lu Wenjian of Shao in Henan has been published for 20 years: Wang likes Zishuo in the evening.
The guest said, "Why does the word Ba come from the west?" West of Gong Jing, he fought in the corner of the square, and he spoke hundreds of times. Or: "The overlord comes from the rain, not from the west."
Gong Jing followed suit and said, "It's like rain melting your ears." His academic work is sharp and inconclusive.
As can be seen from the above examples, Wang Anshi's Zi Shuo mostly violates the provisions of the "six books" of ancient philology, and it is impossible to get its essence by interpreting the text only from the stippling of regular script. In Song Dynasty, Lu You commented: "Wang Jian's ci has multiple meanings, so take it from the meaning, ... and stick it on every point."
Luo Dajing also wrote: "Gong Jing's explanation of the word' sugarcane' is meaningless. One day, when I was walking in the nursery, I saw the sugarcane growing sideways and said,' He is born all the year round.
Wu Gong said, "Sugarcane and grass sugarcane are also alive". "("Helin Wang Lu "Volume III) is enough to prove that Wang Anshi does not distinguish between pictophonetic characters, but uses knowledge to express his hypothesis.
This freewheeling and freewheeling way of saying Chinese characters is exactly the same as word splitting. However, Wang Anshi's political reform has always been criticized by the people of the time, Confucius is often cited as a joke, and there will be many evil words in the notes of Song people.
In order to evaluate Zishuo more objectively, we copied some items of Zishuo in Ya Ya, a student of Wang Anshi's Lu Dian, for further discussion. ..................................................................................................................................................................................
Happiness comes from harmony. You can't be an animal or walk easily, but you can be bound. So also teach' binding'.
"Poetry" says:' There are dead birds in the wild, and white grass covers them', and the word is not dead, so it is ordered to use geese, while those who make up lambs will use their merits. Today, it's not a gift to wrap the dead in imperata.
Although they are all rude, they are even more rude, so the order says:' evil is rude.' Say' dead bird' first, then' dead deer'; Say "Bao" first, then "Shu", the word is changed by the king of Wen, who knows evil and is disrespectful, and his vulgarity is prosperous and does not kill.
Xi Xi Shan, Xi Ze, Lu Xilin. Therefore, the forest belongs to the mountain, and its word is from the deer; This is also the reason why the deer is located in the foothills.
Deer, Lin Zengye; You are a wild animal. "Otter:" Lai "and" Jackal "are consistent with" Cai ".
...... Confucius said: "The jackal is also a beast, but it can be described as" talent "to get the beast, to beat its kind, and to know how to sacrifice at the right time. Otters can't beat their peers, but they also know that they are not hooligans. "
(Same as above) Sheep: Confucius said, "Big sheep are full of beauty. If beauty succeeds, the sheep will die.
Laozi said: "Everyone in the world knows that beauty is beautiful, but beauty is evil." . "(ditto): a cockroach.
..... "Confucius said:" Snakes can catch people, so they can have it. If you can, you can recover; Harmful, people are also complicated. "
(Volume 10 "Letting Insects Fly") Cherry: "On Ci" says: "Cherry is solid, elegant and gentle as' baby'; The main material, the score is only' test'. " (Volume 14 "Poems") Amaranth: "Zi Shuo" said: "■ In addition to dizziness, amaranth eliminates medicine; Then pursue eternity and pursue evil. "
(Volume 17: Interpretation of Grass) The quotation in Yaya is the original text of Zishuo, and the explanation of each word is completed first, which shows the characteristics of Wang Anshi's Ci-poetry: not only are they all explained in regular script, but what they say is more obedient than Miao. Far-fetched people abound, so some jokes told by Song people are basically true.
Of course, Zi Shuo is not without its merits. Ye Daqing's "Archaeological Query" points out: "Wang Wengong, who is closely related to him, also interprets many words in his scriptures, such as saying" man is false ","man is in office, man is established ","the words of the parties are public ","five people are friends with their husbands ","ten people "and" blood relationship is self-evident ". Just like' loyalty in the center' and' forgiveness in the heart', Zhu Huian may also take it. "
It can be seen that Confucius is not complete. As we all know, Chinese characters are the product of the development of human culture, and their structure has certain rules. If we only interpret Chinese characters in a known way, there will be many jokes.
As Ye Zao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out: "All words are not meaningless, but ancient Chinese characters are not exclusive, or sound or shape, and their types are different." (Shilin Yan Yu) Wang Anshi's Zi Shuo.
2. "Shuo" ancient prose contains "Shuo" ancient prose.
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3. Yao Zeng's classical Chinese translation of Zi Yue said that Dongpo heard about Gong Jing's new creation of Zi Yue, and said in the play, "Why is it ridiculous to whip a horse with bamboo and a dog with bamboo?" He also said, "There is also evidence that the word' pigeon' is from' nine' to' bird'.
"Poetry" says:' Pigeons are in mulberry, and their children are seven Xi', and their parents are just nine. Su Dongpo heard that Gong Jing's Zi Shuo (a book) had just been written, and joked, "Making horses out of bamboo and making dogs out of bamboo is a word" Benedict ". What is there to laugh at? " He also said: "The word' pigeon' is from' nine' to' bird' (the interpretation of the sound and meaning of Chinese characters inherited by a subordinate in Shuo Wen Jie Zi can be omitted), and there are also evidences (which can be proved).
The poem (referring to the Book of Songs) says:' Pigeons live in mulberry trees, and (they) have seven children', plus their father and mother, it happens to be nine.
4. Yao Zeng's classical Chinese translation of Zi Yue said that Dongpo heard about Gong Jing's new creation of Zi Yue, and said in the play, "Why is it ridiculous to whip a horse with bamboo and a dog with bamboo?" He also said, "There is also evidence that the word' pigeon' is from' nine' to' bird'.
"Poetry" says:' Pigeons are in mulberry, and their children are seven Xi', and their parents are just nine. Su Dongpo heard that Gong Jing's Zi Shuo (a book) had just been written, and joked, "Making horses out of bamboo and making dogs out of bamboo is a word" Benedict ". What is there to laugh at? " He also said: "The word' pigeon' comes from' Nine Methods', and it comes from' Bird' (it comes from a Chinese phonetic interpretation inherited from Shuo Wen Jie Zi, which can be proved).
The poem (referring to the Book of Songs) says:' Pigeons live in mulberry trees, and (they) have seven children', plus their father and mother, it happens to be nine.
5. Translation of the word "Zhi" in classical Chinese < move > 1.
It's like dying. Branches benefit a lot.
Original meaning: out, out, up) 2. With the original meaning [long], it also comes out. Like stumps, branches and trunks are beneficial to a great extent.
-Shuowen is like language, but it is not. -Book of Rites.
Yu Yue agreed: "This word is its original meaning. No, it hasn't come out yet. "
Go, go in a certain direction, go [go; Leave] Yes, it's appropriate. -"Guangya" is from the east of Bo.
-Pei Simon's poem Feng Wei Bo Xi. -"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" was sold for nothing.
("Xu" and "Xu")-Tang Zongyuan's "Children's Biography" pretends to be crazy and sells stupidity. -Zhang Mingpu's "Five Tomb Monuments" What is my desire? -Peng Qing end book "show sons and nephews for learning" 4. Another example: as it is (going); Go (go; To); Official (in office; Go anywhere); Country (to fief); Appropriate (go) 1. Represents a person or thing, which is equivalent to "this" and "that" [this; That] Xuan Wang said.
(chi: guide the country to blow tofu brain. )-"Everything is done by Fei Zi Xu Shuo" The tiger is happy and counts it.
(Note: This refers to the situation that the donkey can only kick when he is angry. )-Liu Tang Zongyuan's "Three Commandments" should be clearly remembered.
(chi: refers to the reading situation of * * *. )-Qing Yuanmei's "Sacrificing Sisters" For it, it is easy to be difficult.
Pronouns refer to what is happening in the world. )-Peng Qing end book "Show sons and nephews for learning" 2. Another example: compared with middle school; So, he devoted himself to it. 3. Refers to the name of a person or thing, which is equivalent to him, her, it and them [he; She; It; They; Businessmen from the state of Zheng will meet the market in the week.
-"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong 32 years" 4. Uncle Jian cried again. Witch doctor, musician, all-around worker.
("Zhi" is a demonstrative pronoun, meaning "Witch doctor is a musician of all kinds of arts". )-Tang Hanyu's On Teachers 5. Another example is: replacement; Win by war; Sigh for it; Make it develop smoothly; Meet it. Demonstrative pronouns are equivalent to "qi", "his" and "other" [qi; His; Zhou Wang ordered the birth and beheading of his mother.
-"Wu Wang Fa Zhou Huaping", 1. 2. Used between the attributive and the head word, indicating the affiliation or the general modification of the young elite fighters in Xie Zhuang. -"Qing Ren Money, War" shooter Qing Xu Ke is also the number of guns in the army.
3. Another example is the sound of bells and drums; Head of the family; One of the reasons; Master's fourth article. Used between subject-predicate structures to cancel the independence of sentences. -"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong 32 years" 5. Used between notional words and prepositions.
-Mencius 1. Shaped with the letter S, zigzag [zigzag]. Such as: Zhijiang (the river twists and turns like the word "Zhi"); Zigzag road (zigzag road).