"Sell charcoal Weng, Nanshan chop wood and burn charcoal. His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black. What's the point of selling charcoal? You can't eat with clothes on. Poor clothes, worried about charcoal and willing to be cold. " This is a scene written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, in which the old man sells charcoal in winter and wears thin clothes to worry about charcoal.
Bai Juyi wrote in another poem "Advice to My Friend Liu": "There is a ray of green in the old bottle, a touch of red in the static furnace, and there is a feeling of snow outside. How about a glass of wine inside? ? "What is described here is a relatively wealthy family at that time, which has already used exquisite hand stoves.
Fireplace, also called Kang, is the oldest heating method in China. Residential buildings in the north are generally equipped with fire kang, which has holes. The heat generated by burning in winter enters the channel in the kang for heating, and it is also equipped with heating facilities such as brazier.
This heating method has been used in the northern rural areas until now. The poor can only use kitchen waste ash to keep warm at home, and those with better conditions use clay pots to hold "kitchen waste ash" for cooking.
Most poor people wear "brown" clothes to keep out the cold in winter. Brown is a kind of cloth, belonging to hemp products. Due to the technological level at that time, clothes made of brown could neither keep warm nor look good.
Tao Yuanming said in the Biography of Mr. May 6th that "short brown knots are empty", and "short brown" is a short coat made of coarse linen, even though such clothes still have holes and patches.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, some officials or wealthy families had used copper hand stoves or foot stoves. The hand stove is oval, with charcoal or waste heat in it. There is a cover on the stove, which can be put in the sleeve to warm your hands. The foot stove is bigger than the hand stove, so you can put it under your feet to warm your feet. There is also a foot warmer, which is filled with hot water and put under the bed at night. In the Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian wrote a poem: "A thousand dollars to buy a woman with feet and sleep till dawn every night." It refers to this warm vessel.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most people burned firewood and charcoal to keep warm in winter, and most people had charcoal pots. The washbasin is made of copper or iron, and a box-shaped breathable cover is added outside to prevent it from catching fire or falling into other things.
Autumn is the winter clothes of the rich. Autumn is a fur coat with fur facing outwards. There are many furs for making fur, such as fox, dog, sheep, deer, mink and rabbit. Among them, fox skin and mink skin are the most precious, which belong to luxury goods and are worn by dignitaries. Although the quality of deerskin and sheepskin is slightly inferior, ordinary people can't afford them, but at least the middle class at that time can afford them. The ancients thought that the fur under the fox's armpit was the lightest and warmest, and the white fur made of it was very precious.
Ancient court architects used more scientific methods to heat the palace. The specific method is to build the palace wall into a hollow "sandwich wall", commonly known as "fire wall". There is a fire path under the wall, and the charcoal mouth for adding fire is located under the porch outside the temple. Burning charcoal fire at the charcoal mouth can warm the whole hall along the wall.
In order to make the thermal cycle smooth, there are air holes at the end of the fire channel, and the flue gas is discharged from the air outlet under the platform. Moreover, this fire path also runs directly under the imperial bed of the emperor and the kang bed where other people in the palace sleep, forming a "warm kang" and a "warm pavilion", which makes the whole palace feel warm as spring.
(The above answers were posted on 2016-11-29. Please refer to the actual purchase policy. )
When buying a new house, go to Sohu Focus.