B. The stems of herbaceous plants include epidermis, parenchyma cells and vascular bundles, in which vascular bundles are composed of phloem and xylem, without cambium. Wheat and bamboo belong to herbaceous plants, and there is no cambium in the vascular bundle of the stem, so it cannot be thickened indefinitely.
C apical meristem is located at the top of roots, stems and branches at all levels, including primary meristem and its derived primary meristem, which can make roots and shoot tips grow primarily, which does not meet the meaning of the question.
D, root tip meristem is surrounded by root cap and belongs to meristem, with small cells, thin cell wall, large nucleus and thick cytoplasm. The ability to divide is strong, and it can constantly divide to produce new cells, replenish root caps downwards and transform them into elongation zones upwards, which has nothing to do with the rapid growth and height of stems.
So choose: a