Author: Wen Tianxiang
Original text:
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history.
Translation: The hardships of my life began with a Confucian classic; After four years of hard work, since leading the rebels against the Yuan soldiers,
The great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like a strong wind blowing catkins scattered;
My life experience is also ups and downs, just like duckweed under heavy rain. It is still frightening to think of the past defeat in Jiangxi and the evacuation from the beach of fear, the sinister torrent and the grim situation;
Thinking that Wulingpo was completely annihilated and trapped by the enemy last year, I can only lament my loneliness in the sea of Wang Yang.
People have been alive since ancient times. Who hasn't died?
Die for your country, die a fair death. (Let me) leave this sincere heart to shine in history!
2. Guo Yangshi Guo Yang
Once the effort comes, there will be fewer stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs.
The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
Brief introduction of the author
Guo Yang is a famous patriotic seven-character poem by Wen Tianxiang, Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang (1236— 1283) was a minister, writer and famous national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word "goodness" is also called "Song Rui", whose real names are Wenshan and Jizhou Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). At the age of 20, he won the first place in the Jinshi examination. He was a prime minister and a Tang Dynasty envoy. 1276, the Yuan Army approached Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was sent to Yuan Barracks for negotiation and was detained. After escaping from Zhenjiang, he was rescued by the people and went to Fujian by sea to fight against the Yuan Army with Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu. He once recovered some lost land, was defeated by the Yuan Army, retreated to Guangdong, and moved to Haifeng and Chaoyang. Zhao Min, the late Song Emperor, was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278). Later, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for three years. Under repeated threats and inducements, he suffered all kinds of torture and never gave in. From the 9th day of December in the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died calmly in Chaicheng, showing his firm national integrity. Wen Tianxiang's later works closely reflect the reality, artistically reflect the author's struggle life and patriotic thoughts, and show the scene of the military and civilians fighting against the Yuan Army in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is gloomy, tragic and touching. The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan has been preserved to this day. The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang, Song Zhengqi and other famous books are praised by the world.
Poetic background
/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, the Yuan Army went out of the Pearl River Estuary to attack the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang went out with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean, which is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain in the nearby waters. The sea at the foot of the mountain is called dingyang. Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to surrender and stick to Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief in Shaanxi. Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his willingness to swear allegiance, which was sternly rejected by Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang's Notes on the Cloud from the Songs of Chu;
"On the third day, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Duzhou, so please make a book for Zhang Shaobao to worship. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but how about teaching people to carry their parents?' This poem was left behind. Li Can can't be forced to take a poem to get the point, but it can't be forced to call it a' good man and good poem'. "
Poetry annotation
"Hard" sentence: trace back to my early life experience and all kinds of hard work since I became an official. Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination system was used to test the meaning of classics, and one of the five classics (Yi, History, Shu, Li, Spring and Autumn) was chosen. Wen Tianxiang was the first scholar in the fourth year of Baoyou in Song Lizong (1256), and later became the prime minister. Sparse: Sparse means deserted and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close. The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years. Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
The sentence "Mountain and River Map" means that the national situation and personal destiny are irreversible. Fear Beach: In today's wanan county, Jiangxi, the current is fast, which is one of the eighteen beaches in Ganjiang River and the most dangerous one. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.
"Zero Ding" sentence: lamenting the current situation and one's courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang. History: history. Before paper was invented, bamboo slips were used to take notes. When making bamboo slips, bamboo sweat (moisture) must be removed by fire, so it is called a history book.
The poet recalled a sentence or two of his life, but limited by space, in his writing, he cited two things: becoming an official and losing the battle. The four sentences in the middle are closely related to "war and death", which clearly expresses the author's understanding of the current situation: the country is in turmoil, the tragedy of national subjugation is inevitable, and personal fate is even more out of the question. However, in the face of this great change, the poet thought not of his personal way out and future, but of his deep regret that he failed to win a military victory and turn the situation around two years ago. At the same time, I feel particularly sad for my isolation. Judging from the conception of the whole poem, the first six sentences exaggerate the dangerous atmosphere of grief and anger to the extreme, while the last two sentences turn from grief and anger to excitement and from depression to loudness. "Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving Dan's heart to shine." Throughout the ages, people are bound to die, dying to save the motherland and dying for righteousness. A heart of Dan hangs in history and lasts forever. These two impassioned poems show the poet's determination to sacrifice his life for righteousness and fully reflect his national integrity. The whole poem also became a masterpiece because of the ending of these two sentences, and it will never be sung again.
3. Through the ancient poetry of Lingdingyang Author: Wen Tianxiang comes through thick and thin, and the stars hold the moon.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history. In ancient times, when writing on bamboo slips, bamboo pieces were cooked with fire to prevent insects from eating them.
Because the moisture of bamboo slices evaporates like sweat, it is called history, and it is also done in this way. This refers specifically to history books.
Note Lingdingyang: that is, "Lingdingyang", now the Pearl River estuary south of Zhongshan, Guangdong. Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army in December of the first year of Zhao Minxiang's reign at the end of the Song Dynasty (1278) and imprisoned in the Lingdingyang warship. In the first month of the following year, Yuan Marshal Zhang Hongfan attacked Cliff Mountain, forcing Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stuck to Cliff Mountain.
So, Wen Tianxiang wrote this song. "Hard" sentence: trace back to my early life experience and all kinds of hard work since I became an official.
Encounter, encounter the court selection; It used to refer to an official who passed the imperial examination because he was proficient in a certain classic. Wen Tianxiang has been in Baoyou, Song Lizong for four years (1256), ranking first among Jinshi.
Liáo: Sparse means barren and sparse. Here, song and yuan war is drawing to a close.
Fighting, two weapons, here refers to war. Sparse and desolate.
The Southern Song Dynasty died in this year (1279), and at this time it was unable to resist. Surrounding stars: Zhou Xing is the annual star, which circulates in the sky for twelve years, so Zhou Xing refers to twelve years.
Surrounding the stars, that is, in 48 years, Wen Tianxiang was 44 years old when he wrote this poem, and the surrounding stars here are integers. In the old notes, "the surrounding stars" were mostly used as the four years since Wen Tianxiang 1275 applied for the diligent king. In fact, the first two sentences of this poem should be understood together, which is a review of the poet's life experience.
The sentence of "Mountain and River Map": The rhetorical devices of antithesis and metaphor link the fate of the country and the fate of the individual, vividly showing the stormy political situation and showing that the situation of the country and the fate of the individual are irreversible. Catkin floating in the wind: using figurative rhetoric to describe the national conditions as irretrievably floating catkins; Rain hits duckweed: It is a metaphor that a person's life experience is bumpy, just like duckweed in the rain, drifting without roots and ups and downs.
"Life experience" is a beach of fear: in today's Ganjiang River in Wan 'an, Jiangxi Province, the current is fast and extremely dangerous, and it is one of the 18 beaches of Ganjiang River. In the second year of Zong Jingyan, Song Rui (1277), Wen Tianxiang was defeated in Jiangxi and retreated to Fujian through the beach.
"Zero Ding" sentence: I am lonely and helpless, lamenting the current situation, lamenting my courage and isolation. After the poet was captured, he was imprisoned in a warship in Lingdingyang.
Keep your original heart and shine on history: keep your loyalty and shine on history forever. Dan Xin: Red heart means loyalty.
History: Because bamboo water evaporates like sweat, it is called history. Especially history.
4. "Crossing Zero Ding Yang" Poem Crossing Zero Ding Yang Author: Wen Tianxiang Original: Once the hard work comes, the war will be sparse.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean.
Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history. Translation: The hardships of my life began with a Confucian classic; After four years of hard struggle, the great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like a strong wind blowing catkins away; My life experience is also ups and downs, just like duckweed under heavy rain.
It is still frightening to think of the past defeat in Jiangxi and the evacuation from the beach of fear, the sinister torrent and the grim situation; Thinking that Wulingpo was completely annihilated and trapped by the enemy last year, I can only lament my loneliness in the sea of Wang Yang. People have been alive since ancient times. Who hasn't died? Die for your country, die a fair death. Let me leave this sincere heart to shine in history.