A note for the absent.
(Tang) Jia Dao
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Understanding: In the traditional culture of China, pine, bamboo and plum are three old and cold friends, which are often used by literati to express peace and happiness, non-worldly, pure and detached. The first sentence, "When I questioned your apprentice, I was under a pine tree", apparently explained that the author could not find a hermit, so he asked the hermit's apprentice for this series of processes; At a deeper level, it implies that the hermit is close to the pine tree and takes the pine tree as his friend, rendering the hermit's high-spirited life. The boy's three answers, namely "my teacher", he replied, "I went to collect medicine", "But in which corner of the mountain" and "How do I know, through all these clouds?" , including the poet's layers of questioning (that is, "Why is your master not here?" "Where do you want to go?" "Where can I collect medicine in the mountains?" ), and the meaning is progressive, meaningful and memorable.
2. What images can be used to refer to "hermits" or "hermits" in ancient Chinese? 2. Orchids-elegant and delicate fragrance, graceful posture-pursuing indifference-gentleman hermit.
Orchids are fresh and not turbid, with pure fragrance, graceful flowers, well-proportioned posture, vigorous leaves, staggered changes and elegant charm. Because orchids are often described as elegant and fragrant in classical poetry, and because orchids are delicate and fragrant and graceful, orchids are often used to describe beautiful things. For example, orchids are like-minded people, orchids are a bright future, and the quality of orchids is like orchids.
In the Ming Dynasty, Xu Wei wrote "Orchid": "Mo Jing's spring is not good, and one fragrance is enough to overwhelm thousands of reds. Always ordered to pick up the sleeves of North Korea, not when the human brain is musk. " This poem describes the beauty of Chunlan. Orchids win with fragrance, which is many times higher than the "thousand reds" in spring.
3. Bamboo-straight nature, pure heart, bamboo green-honest and modest, loyal and noble-reclusive gentleman
A. The ancients associated the natural form of bamboo with people's moral pursuit. Bai Juyi's Bamboo Cultivation compares the characteristics of bamboo such as solidity, straightness, ethereal spirit and chastity to the moral cultivation of a gentleman.
Zhang Jiuling's poem "Ode to Lushi Bamboo in Hehuangmen" says: "People with lofty ideals attach great importance to each other, and the world knows it modestly." Praise the integrity and humility of bamboo.
B. Metaphysicists, hermits and poets like to talk about metaphysics and Taoism in a lush environment, and these pictures are increasingly entering their poems, such as
Chang Jian's "Zen after the Broken Mountain Temple": "Bamboo trails are secluded, flowers and trees are deep in meditation."
3. Understanding of China's ancient poem "Farewell to the Hermit" The poet fully understands the hermit's mood. He became attached to a hermit, shared his fate with * * *, and shared the same views on the world and society. He believes that only white hair is the fairest in the world, and even the heads of dignitaries will never be spared. Not at the mercy of wealth, not bowing to the powerful, not flattering, not selfish, everything is fair and reasonable, which is human justice. The word "Wei" in the poem contains the implication that there is no justice in the world except white hair. The poet deeply exposed and mercilessly criticized social injustice. This is a rational criticism and powerful spur to the whole social reality at that time.
On the surface, it is boasting of white hair, but in the heart, it is lamenting that life is too short to waste time. The fame and fortune in the world have been eroded by ruthless years and are not worthy of attention.
4. Poems related to hermits gather chrysanthemums under the east fence and see Nanshan leisurely.
-Tao Yuanming: "Drinking (Part 2)" Wang Sun swims without returning, and the spring grass grows sad. -Liu An: Recruit a Hermit had a great influence on Wan Li.
-Zuo Si: "Ode to an Epic" Zhou Zhen died from then on, and Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life. -Su Shi: Lingjiang Xianzi-Returning to Lingao at night, we will open your window on the garden and talk about Sang Ma with cups in hand.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes. Meng Haoran: Passing by the old people's village, leaning alone among the dense bamboos, playing the pipa and humming songs.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. -Wang Wei: Bamboo House has no confusing ears and no complicated work.
-Liu Yuxi: I am ignorant of the inscription in the political office, but which corner of the mountain is facing, how can I tell it and cross all these clouds? . -Jia Dao: "A note for an absent ecluse" and Ruan Yu's poem "Hermit" are four high and secluded in the south, and Lao Lai runs to the river.
Yan Hui is happy and humble, and Xu Youan is cheap and poor. Boyi is hungry first, and the world belongs to him.
Why the affected areas are poor, but they should be clear and true. Who knows that wealth brings disaster, and taking money does not take poverty.
Baoyu is jealous of purity, and purity comes first. Pines and cypresses are forbidden to go out of the mountain, so pay first.
A gentleman hides a stone wall, and a Taoist book is my neighbor. Think about its meaning when you sleep, and the taste is real.
Tao Gong released himself, and Shang Ping began to rely on him. Plants grow in different places and birds fly naturally.
-Meng Jiao's Hermit was a powerful forger, and the Sri Lankan people have not forgotten it. -Meng Jiao's "Huainan Moon Hermit" hidden book Zhou Hermit, Baiyun today.
-Yuan Zhen's "Sending a Hermit" recently heard that Hu Hermit recognized the heart king. I don't hate being promoted for a hundred years.
There is a limited amount of repair, and there will be no harm. Be cautious and convenient, but don't forget the opportunity.
A hundred years is only a few days, nothing bitter. In the late years, I am tired of learning, and I am easy to meditate.
Illness requires more feasting, and poverty requires less climbing. He who laughs at himself has no name, because his name is in heaven.
-Yuan Zhen's "Three Poems of Wu Chan to Hu Guo" If you want to be high, you must hide yourself. There are no horses and chariots. I expect to get to the door.
In life, it is difficult to have it both ways. Cheap means bitter, cold and timid, while expensive means more troubles.
Only hermits are lucky and safe here. -Bai Juyi's "Zhongyin" is a hermit, and I hate to see Qiongzhi.
-Li Deyu's "Visiting the Old Man in Wei Chu" Shangluo is near, and Zhier lives in Nantang. The grass pavilion is quiet with spring water, and the sunset is hidden in Chai Men.
Use bees to collect wild honey and musk deer to collect incense. I remember the year before last, when I was drunk, pine blossoms filled the stone bed.
-Xu Hun's "Inscription of Nanshan King's Seclusion (a hermit's residence for the king)" Panxi even drowned, and Shang Ling even Qinshan. If the young man doesn't drive back, the white clouds will cover the customs.
Birds know the silence of cranes and the leisure of seagulls. But laugh at captain Nanchang, the leisure between cities.
-Xu Hun's "Xiluo Hermit" Zifudan became a crane group, which was planted by Song Qing himself and turned into a dragon. There is a fairy home day in the pot, and there are many hermit clouds on the ridge.
-Li Shangyin's "The Title of the Road is Quiet in Zhongtiao Mountain" Lao Wang Yin Zhongcheng's "Guo Zhou Secretariat" ... * * * Cun Yan "is the crown of a hermit, lying down and reading the biography of sages. -Han Wo's "Nanting" Jiangsi Zen monks seem to realize Zen, and rotten clothes are covered with Mao Xuan.
It's nonsense to ask the benefactor to fix the true image and turn over the scriptures. A fishing boat scares geese, and an axe cuts rocks and breaks cold apes.
Mo Wen's purpose is not flashy eyes and loud ears. -Du Xunhe's "Tijiang Temple Zen Harmony" came out after illness, and Hengmen was lonely.
Moths invade books and damage them, and dust covers wine bottles. The pool is dark and rainy, and the path is fragrant.
Leisure has always been interesting, but I can't see it. -Jong Li's "Shu Cai Hermit Wall" Luo Yan holds a bamboo pass and makes peace with the outside world.
The sound of pillow flow is near, and the eaves are cold. You should choose your own medicine seedlings and tune the piano for whom.
After the floating name, I will be crowned according to you. -Jong Li's "Send a Hermit to Lushan Village" has more than 80 guests in the palace, enjoying themselves behind closed doors.
Yuan Yu is early, and Runpu has a good reputation. When the messy cups and plates meet again, romance remains the same.
May you 100 remain strong and find a hermit one day. -Xu Wei's "Giving the West Zhejiang Gu Tui Guan" The immortal is good at losing, and the hermit has repeatedly sneaked into the view.
-Zhang Kun's "Yangzhou Bronze Mirror and Du Shiniang" is really hidden here. If you don't make a cake, your eyebrows will grow.
The wind blows the wine jar, and the crane lice fall off the piano bed. Although I forgot my plane, I didn't forget it.
-Guan Xiu's "Two Hermits in Huainan" (one is a hermit).
5. Translation of notes left for a note absent from ecluse i. Translation:
Under the pine tree, I asked the young schoolchildren; He said that the master had gone to the mountains to collect medicine. He also told me that it was in this mountain, but it was foggy and I didn't know his whereabouts.
Second, note:
Search: search. Hermit: a hermit, a person who lives in seclusion in the mountains. In ancient times, it was a person who refused to be an official and lived in seclusion between Shan Ye. Generally refers to smart people.
Boy: No adults, children. This refers to the disciples and students of the hermit.
Say: Answer.
Third, the original text:
A note for the absent.
Author: Jia Dao
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
When I asked your students under a pine tree, "my teacher," he replied, "went to pick herbs."
However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? .
Extended data:
The plot of this poem is to write a visit to a hermit, show the poet's admiration for the hermit, praise his nobleness with white clouds, and show his character with pine trees; Unfamiliar admiration highlights the poet's disappointment.
This poem is characterized by questions and answers. Its success lies not only in conciseness, but also in being good at lyricism. Didn't find a friend, followed by a question and answer. His writing is complicated, while his pen is simple. It is beneficial to see his deep affection and longing for complex feelings with a simple pen. And this question and answer, step by step, express feelings have ups and downs.
The lyricism of poetry depends on artistic image and pays attention to color tone. This poem has natural shapes, bright colors and proper shadows. The pines are lush, the white clouds are long and the green stands upright, which means infinite vitality. Judging from the gradual change of modeling, it embodies the author's emotional and material transfer.
In the poem, white clouds are nobler than hermits, and pine trees are used to describe the hermit's character, which shows the seeker's admiration and admiration for hermits. The words used in the whole poem are popular and beautiful, which is a rare work with simple words and rich meanings.