Second, the expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense setting, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).
Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy and irony.
Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.
5. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.
Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.
Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.
Methods of describing scenery: the combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), the combination of generalization and concrete, from far to near (or from near to far).
X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).
XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.
Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.
Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.
Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.
17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.
Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.
20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)
Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.
Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony
Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection.
Twenty-four, others:
( 1)
The function of sentences in the text;
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(2)
The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3)
Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering the question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4)
Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5)
Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged.
(6)
Induction of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: Give a clear answer (when and where) to who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
discuss ......
What kinds of emoticons are there? What are they? Ask god for an answer.
1. Personalize ...
3. Contrast and emphasize ... highlight ...
4. The dual structure is neat, full of rhythm and sense of rhythm.
5. Parallelism magnifies the momentum of the article and makes the content more profound and catchy.
6. Rhetorical questions show strong emotions.
7. Repeatedly emphasize.
8. The description of the environment sets off the mood of the characters.
Chinese expression effect
1) Look at sentences from the perspective of language expression?
We can examine the language expression of sentences from three aspects, that is, whether rhetoric is used, whether there are special sentence patterns and whether implicit words are used. ?
1. Appreciation from the perspective of rhetoric.
Example 1: Oil bugs sing here and crickets play the piano here. (From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue)? Appreciation: This sentence personifies the oil flies and crickets by anthropomorphic rhetoric, and vividly writes that the oil flies and crickets are beautiful, full of vitality and endless fun. ?
Ex. 2: Because the island blocked its rotation, it kicked with its feet, pushed with its hands and bit with its teeth. Every moment is more and more exciting and harder. ?
Appreciation: The author uses parallelism to show the violent turbulence of the sea after waking up, showing the rough and unrestrained character of the sea, which makes readers read smoothly. ?
2. Appreciate special sentence patterns. ?
(1) Appreciation from the characteristics of sentence patterns. ?
The common sentence features are: contradictory sentence, ending sentence, ending sentence, double negation, combination of long and short sentences, antithesis sentence and so on.
A. Contradictory sentence: seemingly contradictory, but it contains the author's profound meaning. ? Example 3: "About Kong Yiji's death" (Lu Xun's Kong Yiji)? Appreciation: "Probably" and "Really" seem to be contradictory, but they are actually the author's ingenuity, which reveals the inevitability of Kong Yiji's tragic fate, and through this character image, it also reveals the cruelty of society and the indifference of all people. ?
B. the finishing touch: eyes are indispensable for painting dragons. These sentences are the eyes of the article. ? Example 4: "In order to love her son, she drank poison to quench her thirst; Reluctantly crustily skin of head said that he played well, in order to hope that his son would improve "(Zou Taofen's My Mother)? Appreciation: From this complex mentality, the image of a great mother who hopes her son to make progress but loves her son very much is vividly reproduced. It is also throughout the paper to express the theme of the article with such sentences. ?
C. conclusion: the above summary may arouse readers' association, inspire readers' thinking and have endless aftertaste. ? Example 5: "I had a good dream. The rice we grow is as high as sorghum, the ears are as long as brooms and the grains are as big as peanuts. A few friends are sitting under the ear of rice to enjoy the cool. " Qu Zhihong, Zhu Dongju, Li Bin Garden of Dreams, Yuan Longping? Appreciation: ending with Yuan Longping's beautiful dream can not only make the article stop; It also further highlights Yuan Longping's spirit of pursuing his "dream" (ideal), higher goals and lofty ideals all his life. ?
Note: appreciation should be based on the overall perception of reading, rather than picking words and making sentences, taking them out of context, and being divorced from the text. It should be fully related to the central idea of the article, the characters, the author's thoughts and feelings and the context. ?
(2) Appreciation from the perspective of structure and function. ?
A paragraph often contains several layers of meaning. If the meaning of each layer should be rigorous and complete, then some words or sentences will play a role in this respect. There are six common structural functions of a sentence: guiding the following, connecting the preceding with the following (transition), paving the way for the following, echoing before and after (reference), summarizing the above or summarizing the full text, and pointing out the center or sublimation center. Wait a minute. We should grasp the general leading sentences, turning sentences and concluding sentences and analyze their structural functions. ?
Ex. 6: "The distant bell suddenly awakened the deep dream of the sea." ?
Appreciation: This sentence is a turning point, which plays a connecting role in the structure, and is the link between the sea sleeping and the sea waking up. ?
3. Appreciate from the perspective of words. ?
The meaning of many key sentences is often conveyed by one or two key words such as verbs, adjectives, adverbs and quantifiers. Grasping the key words in a sentence to deeply understand the sentence is a common and desirable way to appreciate the sentence. ?
Ex. 7: The grass slipped out of the soil, tender and green. (spring)? Appreciation: "Stealing" and "Drilling" describe the squeezing force of spring grass breaking through the ground, the scene where spring grass has emerged inadvertently and the author's sense of surprise. At the same time, this way of writing makes the unconscious grass look conscious and emotional. "Light green" is placed at the end of the sentence, emphasizing the characteristics of grass; Make sentences vivid and full of life. ?
Example 8: There is a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree, like a Japanese nurse. (Winter in Jinan by Lao She)
Appreciation: Can you change other synonyms? Such as "heap", no, because it is light snow, "heap" is not suitable, and "top" means small. ......
What are the performance effects of detail description?
First, the detailed description of the characters' language makes the characters vivid and vivid.
Secondly, the detailed description of the characters' actions reveals the psychology of the characters.
Thirdly, the detailed description of the characters' psychology shows their inner world.
Fourthly, the detailed description of the characters' appearance reveals their characteristics.
Fifth, the detailed description of the environment sets off the character and fate of the characters.
What are the sentences with good expressive effect?
1, metaphor-vivid language, infectious bright moon hanging high in the light blue sky, moonlight pouring down like running water, the earth is silvery white. Spring breeze, like a kind mother, blows your cheeks and makes you feel comfortable and relaxed. 2, parallelism-enhance the momentum of the article The mind is a vast sky, which contains everything in the world; The mind is a calm lake, occasionally rippling; The mind is a snowy area, reflecting a colorful world. Pain is groping in the dark, and the road ahead is bumpy; Pain is a kind of sadness that no one understands, and it is helpless in the face of all setbacks; Pain is the deepest torture of the soul, and it cannot be confessed without tears; Pain is a natural expression and a devil in trouble. 3. personification-the personality given to people is a vivid image. The breeze blew gently and touched my face gently. Naughty raindrops like dancing on umbrellas. Exaggeration-vivid, highlighting a MIG plane with a pair of whales flying like snails in the sesame-sized blue sky covered by dark clouds. This place is not as big as a palm. How can you build a house?
What are the expressive effects of Chinese?
There are five kinds
1, narrative 2, explanation 3, discussion 4, description 5, lyric
(1) narration. Narration is the most basic and common expression in writing. It is the author's narration and explanation of characters experience and events, and the transformation of scene and space.
(2) description. Description is an expression that describes the appearance and form of an object and reproduces it to readers. It is one of the main forms of narration, especially literary creation. It is sometimes used as an auxiliary means in general lyricism, discussion and elaboration. If the description is used well, it can be vivid and vivid, so that readers can see this person, hear his voice, feel at home, and get a strong artistic infection from it.
(3) lyric. Lyric is to express and express the author's feelings. It is the main expression in lyric style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression in general literary works and narratives.
(4) discussion. Discussion refers to the author's comments on a discussion object to show his views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative writing, it is the main expression; It is often used as an auxiliary means of expression in general narrative, expository or literary works.
(5) description. Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some explained objects are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, flowers, trees, buildings, utensils and so on. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, self-cultivation, viewpoints, concepts, principles, technologies, etc.
Grasp the characteristics and use the method of contrast to describe the scenery
Grasp the characteristics of the scene and describe it statically and dynamically.
The combination of scenery lyric and direct lyric
Through emotional scenery description and associative discussion, fully express thoughts and feelings.
Grasp the main characteristics of things and adopt the expression method of general description first and then specific description.
Explain the truth through the analysis and generalization of specific cases.
Use expressions of contrast, contrast and suggestion.
Express the ideological quality of the characters through their psychological activities.
The narrative method of summarizing first and then concrete.
Speak with images and form a distinct artistic conception with a series of things.
I hope I can help you.
What are the performance effects of appreciation of ancient poetry?
1, personification: personification, which endows people with thoughts, activities and behaviors and makes the content to be explained more vivid and vivid.
Example: The branches of weeping willows flutter in the wind, like a girl's loose hair.
2. Metaphor: Metaphor expresses the author's feelings.
Xiao Ming's face is as red as an apple in autumn.
3. Contrast: In order to emphasize ...
The mouse really overreached itself by challenging the cat.
4. Duality: neat structure, full of rhythm and sense of rhythm.
Example: It is a wonderful thing to do your homework while listening to music.
5. parallelism. Emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize … emphasize.
Example: A flaming sun hangs in the blue sky, just like a red apple and a flaming lantern.
6. rhetorical question: enhance the tone and express strong emotions.
Ex.: Look at your dejected and despondent appearance, didn't you pass the college entrance examination?