Two Liangzhou Ci Poems (I)
Author Wang Zhihuan, Tang Dynasty.
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
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The Yellow River seems to rush out from the white clouds, and Yumenguan is hanging alone in the mountains. Why do you want to complain about the late arrival of spring by playing the plaintive "Yangliuqiu" with Qiangdi? The spring breeze can't blow the Yumen Pass at all.
To annotate ...
1, Liangzhou word: also known as Chusai. Lyrics for Liangzhou, a popular song at that time.
2. There are two original titles. First, Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Collection (Volume 79) and Modern Quci contain Liangzhou songs, and quoted Yuan Yue as saying: "Liangzhou, Gongdiao song, Guo Zhiyun, governor of cool houses in China and the West in Kaiyuan". Liangzhou is located in Guzang County (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province).
3. The Yellow River is far away: looking at the source of the Yellow River. Looking far: looking far to the west. "Far" means "straight".
4. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border.
5. Qi: ancient unit of length. Together they are equivalent to seven feet or eight feet (equal to 2,365,438+0 cm or 264cm, about 2.3m or 2.6m).
6. Qiang people: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a A Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-wind wind music.
7. Willow: Wicker, also known as Yangliuqiu. In ancient poetry, willow is often used as a metaphor for farewell. Poem Xiaoya Cai Wei: "In the past, I was gone, and the willows were reluctant." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "
8, not enough: will not blow. Degree: Yes.
9. Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was named after the jade introduced from the Western Regions. Therefore, Xiaofangcheng, located in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
10, why complain: why complain. Why: Why?
12, willow: willow of poplar, also referred to as Yangliuqiu.
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When the poet first arrived in Liangzhou, facing the vast scene of the Yellow River and the border town, he listened to the song "Broken Willow" and wrote this poem, expressing the feelings of the soldiers guarding the border who missed their hometown.
The first two sentences of this poem describe the vast and magnificent scenery in the northwest. The first sentence captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.
The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). ). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an extra layer of "thin" meaning. A lonely city like Mobei is certainly not a residential area, but a fortress guarding the border, which also implies that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.
"Why do Qiang people complain about willow trees?" In such a desolate environment, I suddenly heard the sound of Qiangdi, and the tune I played happened to be "Folding Willow", which could not help but evoke the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border. Because "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic, the ancients often gave them as souvenirs when they left. There is "Folding Yang Liuzhi" in the Yuefu of the Northern Dynasties: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fight against Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench is for fear of killing travelers. " Mention that pedestrians break willows when they walk. This custom of folding willows to bid farewell was particularly popular in the Tang Dynasty. The soldiers were very sad when listening to sad music, and the poet didn't know how to comfort the soldiers in the frontier. He can only say, why does Qiangdi always play the sad song "Broken Willow"? Spring breeze can't blow at Yumen Pass. Since there is no spring breeze, where can there be a willow to fold? This sentence contains resentment, but it also contains a helpless tone. Homesickness is unbearable, but the responsibility of defending the border is heavier. The phrase "why complain" seems to be relieved, but it also twists and turns to express that kind of complaint, which makes the meaning of the whole poem more profound. The spring breeze here also implies the emperor, because the emperor's care can't reach here, so the soldiers outside Yumenguan are in such a lonely and bad situation. The poet euphemistically expressed the emperor's complaint that he did not care about the life and death of the border soldiers guarding Yumenguan and could not sympathize with them.
The tone of this poem is bleak and tragic. Although full of complaints, but not negative and decadent, showing the broad-minded people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The use of contrast in poetry and prose makes the expression of poetry more tense. The language is euphemistic and accurate, and the expression of thoughts and feelings is just right.
Creation background
According to Wang Zhihuan's epitaph, in 726, the fourteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Zhihuan resigned and lived a free life for fifteen years. Two Poems of Liangzhou is regarded as the fifteen years when he resigned and lived at home, that is, the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727) to the twenty-ninth year (74 1).
Brief introduction of the author
Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was born in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi). Tang Dynasty poet.
Wang Zhihuan was clever since he was a child, but his writing was weak. Generosity has a general idea, and it is very attractive and talented. He entered the official position with the shadow of the door, granted Hengshui the master book, and married the third daughter of Li Di, the county magistrate of Hengshui. Later, he was slandered and dismissed from office. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Wen 'an county commandant was recruited, and his life was innocent and his management was fair. He died in Wen 'an Post at the age of 55. Buried in the ancestral grave of Beimang Mountain in Luoyang County.
Wang Zhihuan is good at writing articles and poems, which are often quoted as lyrics. You Shan's five-character poem wins by describing the frontier fortress scenery. His representative works are In the Heron Tower and Two Poems of Liangzhou Ci.