"Dan Ge Xing Presented to Wang Lang Sizhi"
Author: Du Fu
Original text:
Wang Lang was drunk with wine, drew his sword and slashed at Di Ge Moe!
I can suppress upright geniuses.
The wind blows in Yuzhang and the sun moves in the daytime,
The whales swim in the waves.
Don't take off your sword and stop wandering around.
The princes in the west are rushing to the Jinshui River.
Where do you want to go to get your pearls and shoes?
The spring scenery above Zhongxuan's building is deep,
My blue eyes are singing high to look at my son.
The person in my eyes is old!
Appreciation:
"Dan Ge Xing" is an old Yuefu title. The term "Dan Ge" refers to the short singing, which may refer to the rapid tone. Wang Lang is a young man, called Lang, whose name is unknown. Si Zhi is the official responsible for correction and impeachment. In the spring of the third year of Daizong's Dali calendar (768), Du Fu's family left the Three Gorges from Kuizhou and arrived in Jiangling. This poem was probably written in Jiangling in the late spring of that year.
The first half of the poem expresses the intention of comforting the king. Wang Lang was frustrated in Jiangling, and while he was in a state of drunkenness, he drew his sword, danced, and sang mournfully on the ground, so Du Fu advised him not to be sad. At that time, Wang Lang was about to go west to Shu to join the local governor. Du Fu, who had lived in Sichuan for a long time, said that he could recommend Wang Lang, so he said that I could pull him out of his depression. The following two sentences continue the previous one, using strange metaphors to praise Wang Lang. Yu and Zhang, two tree names, are both excellent building materials. The poem says that when the branches and leaves of Yu and Zhang are swayed in the strong wind, they can shake the sun, which is a strong description of the height of the trees. He also said that whales can make the vast ocean churn when they swim in the waves, trying to describe the size of fish. The two sentences describe Wang Lang's outstanding talents, saying that he can take on big things and make a difference, so he doesn't have to draw his sword to cut the ground and dance around. He can put down his sword and take a rest.
The second half of the poem expresses the feeling of seeing off. The poet said that with Wang Lang's talent, if he went to Xichuan, he would definitely be appreciated by the senior officials in Shu, but he didn't know which local governor he should seek refuge with. Wear pearl shoes and wear shoes decorated with pearls. "Historical Records. "Chunshen Jun Biography": Chunshen Jun had more than 3,000 guests, and all of his guests were walking on pearls. Zhongxuan Tower, where Du Fu bid farewell to the prince, is located in the southeast of Jiangling City. Zhongxuan is the name of Wang Can, a poet during the Three Kingdoms period. He went to Jingzhou to seek refuge with Liu Biao and wrote "Ode to Climbing the Tower". During the Later Liang Dynasty, Gao Jixing built Zhongxuan Tower in Jiangling. It was late spring when he said goodbye. Du Fu looked at Wang Lang with admiration and sang his high hopes, hoping that he would be able to display his talents when he entered Sichuan. The person in the eyes refers to Wang Lang. The last sentence refers to others and oneself, sighing and saying: Wang Lang, Wang Lang, you are in the prime of life and can show your great ambitions, but I am old and useless! It means to encourage Wang Lang to make timely efforts.
This poem is abrupt and tragic. It is a tragedy to write the prince's lament from drawing his sword to cut the ground; the author advised him not to be sad, but it is a joy to know that I can pull him out. When I draw my sword and strike the ground, my emotions are high, which is a rise. I can pull out my sword, and my emotions are slightly relieved, which is a fall. Restraint and uprightness echo the tragic song, I can help you to care for Mo mourning. Then he brought out the genius, using the Yu Zhang to turn the wind and the whale to ride the waves, and used his best to exaggerate his ability, causing an uproar, which is the rise again; inheriting Mo Ai, and taking off the sword and wearing the sword, it tends to be gentle, which is the fall again. It is pointed out that when you win the princes, you should turn from sadness to joy, but it is still unclear where to go. It is still empty to win the princes, and then from joy to sadness. Now that I can pull you out, and we can see each other with green eyes, isn't it gratifying? But once again, I am old and can no longer do anything, so the so-called "I can pull you off" has become nothing more than a good wish, but it has failed again, and I have turned from joy to sadness. One is sad and the other is happy, one falls and the other falls, the changes are endless, and in the end it inevitably returns to the sad song of drawing a sword. Mo Ai has only become a word of comfort, which inevitably leads to depression and uprightness. It is precisely because of the strange peaks in the two sentences of Yuzhang that it strengthens the sadness of uprightness and expresses the author's grief and indignation at not being able to display talents, and its significance is even more profound. This poem is very distinctive in its syllables. The first two eleven-character sentences have many words and rapid syllables. Five and twelve single lines rhyme. The first half of the first half has a set of five lines in plain rhyme, and the second half has a set of five lines in oblique rhyme. The rhythm is short, which is rare in ancient poetry. It is also an original style. Dan Ge Xing
Most people in the world seek wealth and honor for the sake of their desires. There is no freedom in ups and downs, and gains and losses often follow each other.
Ask you, when you were young, you would earn a fortune by studying hard. I am wandering in the middle of the dusty world, reading in front of the snow with my book in my arms.
The quilt does not cover the body, and the belly is filled with quinoa. He entered the official career at thirty, and was subdued by the court at fifty.
Nu Wen is carrying a new crop, and the horse is fat and eats millet for the first time. I don't dare to talk about pleasure travel, but I still call it "Mingjiansu".
After being deafened and blinded, silk and bamboo were played in the hall. When the teeth are missing, wine and meat are piled on the plate.
He who came here has gone, and there is not enough leftover. Youth and glory avoid each other like cold weather.
The blue clouds go far away, but the day flies by the sky. Since ancient times, I have no choice but to listen to a short song.
Appreciation of Works
Feng Yuyu: Yishen Yuyu. Sleeping before the Snow: A reading before the snow. Dangexing Cao Cao
Dangexing
Author: Cao Cao
Original text:
Drinking while singing, what a life! Like morning dew, it will be more painful every day.
Generosity should be treated with generosity, and worries will be unforgettable. How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang.
Green Zi Jin, my heart is leisurely. But for your sake, I still ponder it.
The deer roars, eating apples in the wild. I have guests who play the harp and sheng.
It’s as bright as the moon, when can you shake it off? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off.
The more unfamiliar you are, the more you cross the border, the more you cross the border, the more useless you will be. Qi Kuo talks about Yan, thinking about old kindness. (Talking about Yan, Part 1: Talking about Banquet)
The moon and stars are few and far between, and the black magpie is flying south. Three twists and turns around the tree, where is the branch to lean on?
The mountains never get too high and the sea never gets too deep. The Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to its heart. (Sea: Water)
Translation
Drink and sing at the same time, life is short and the days and months fly by.
Just like the morning dew, it is fleeting, and there are too many lost days!
The singing at the banquet was passionate and generous, and melancholy filled my heart for a long time.
What can you rely on to relieve depression? Only binge drinking can provide relief.
Those students wearing green collars (the attire of bachelors in the Zhou Dynasty), you make me yearn for you day and night.
It’s just because of you that I still recite it with great sadness.
In the sunshine, the herds of deer chirp happily and gnaw leisurely on the green slope.
Once talented people from all over the world come to my house, I will play the harp and sheng to entertain the guests.
When will I be able to pick up the bright moon hanging in the sky;
The sorrow and anger I have stored in my heart suddenly spurt out and form a long river.
Guests from far away came to visit me one by one along the field roads.
After a long absence, they reunited for a heart-to-heart talk and a banquet, vying to tell the story of their past friendship.
The moonlight was bright and the stars were sparse, and a group of nesting magpies flew south.
After flying three times around the tree without folding their wings, where can they find shelter?
The mountains are majestic only if they do not abandon the earth and rocks, and the sea is magnificent only if it does not abandon the trickle of water.
I would like to be as courteous and courteous as the Duke of Zhou, and I hope that all the heroes in the world will sincerely submit to me.
Notes
Singing while drinking wine: singing a song while drinking wine. Dang means singing.
Geometry: How much.
The past days have been a lot of suffering: There have been too many sufferings in the past. It means lamenting the shortness of life.
Generosity should be generosity: refers to the passionate and generous singing at the banquet. Of course, there is no real meaning here.
Du Kang: According to legend, he was the first person to make wine, which here refers to wine.
Qingqing Zijin (jīn), leisurely my heart: from "The Book of Songs·Zheng Feng·Zijin". Originally written about a girl missing her lover, here it is used as a metaphor for longing for a talented person. Zi, a respectful name for the other party. Jin, an ancient style collar. Qingjin is the clothing worn by scholars in the Zhou Dynasty, here it refers to a learned person. Long, long-lasting, describing continuous thoughts.
Chanting: originally refers to whispering and thinking in a low voice, but here it refers to longing for and admiration for wise men.
Yo (yōu) Yo, the deer roars, eating apples in the wild. I have a guest, playing the harp and sheng (shēng): from "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Lu Ming".
Yoyo: The sound of a deer braying.
Drum: Play.
Ping: mugwort.
When can it be harvested (duō): When can it be harvested? Pick up, pick up, pick.
Yue Mo Du Qian: passing through the criss-crossing paths. Mo, an east-west field road. Qian, a north-south path.
Existing in vain: condescending to visit. In vain, here is the meaning of "in vain"; to use, to. Save, greet, miss.
Yan (yàn): the same as "banquet" (in the original text, Yan is "讠yan").
Za (zā): Zhou, circle. Cao Cao's Dange Xing·Zhou Xibochang
"Dange Xing Zhou Xibochang"
Author: Cao Cao
Original text:
Zhou Xibochang , cherish this holy virtue.
There are three parts of the world, but there are two.
If you don’t contribute to cultivation, your integrity will not be prosperous.
Chonghou slandered him, so he was detained.
Later, he pardoned Yuan and gave him an ax and ax.
He was able to conquer the enemy.
Zhong Ni said that he has reached the highest level of virtue.
He still serves Yin and discusses its beauty.
Qi Huan’s merits were the first to dominate.
The nine princes unite to rule the world.
To conquer the world, it is not possible to use military chariots.
He is upright but not unreasonable, and his virtue is legendary.
Confucius sighed and called Yiwu,
The people received his kindness.
Granted to the temple, no one has to bow down.
Xiaobai doesn’t dare, God’s power is so close.
Jin Wen is also domineering and worships the king of heaven.
Received the Gui Zan, the Tao Tong bow,
The Lu bow and the arrows, and the tigers and three hundred people.
To subdue the princes and be respected by teachers.
People from all over the world heard about it, and he was named Ya Qihuan.
The meeting in Heyang falsely claimed that he was the King of Zhou.
His name was different.
Notes:
1. Ax (yu): ancient weapon.
2. Ju (ju): deceitful.
3. Confucius sighed and called Yiwu, and the people received his kindness.
4. Zu (zu): meat offered during ancient sacrifices.
5. Gui Zan (zn): an ancient jade wine vessel.
6. Chang (chng): wine used for sacrifices in ancient times.
7. Lu Gong and Thousand Arrows, Huben (bēn): warrior king.
8. Pa (pā): flower.
Translation:
Ji Chang was awarded the title of Xibo, with sanity and virtue.
The land of the Yin Dynasty was divided into three parts, and he had two of them.
Organizing tributes for presentation does not violate the duties of a minister.
He was unjustly imprisoned just because Chonghou Jin made slanderous remarks.
Later, he was pardoned for giving gifts and was given the right to conquer with ax and ax.
He was praised by Confucius for his noble character and status.
He always submitted to the emperor of the Yin Dynasty, and his reputation spread throughout later generations.
Duke Huan of Qi supported Zhou Jian's achievements and continued to be the hegemon.
Gather the princes to defend the Central Plains and rectify the eternal achievements of the world.
Be honest and non-deceitful, and your virtue will be passed down behind you.
Confucius praised Duke Huan of Qi and also praised Guan Zhong.
The people were deeply favored by him and subdued the Jingman Wuzuo people.
The emperor gave meat to Duke Huan and ordered him to accept it without paying homage.
Huan Gong said that Xiaobai did not dare, because the emperor's majesty was so close.
Jin Wengong inherited the throne and personally respected the King of Zhou.
Receive jade and fine wine, and three hundred warriors with bows and arrows.
Duke Wen of Jin was famous among the princes, and those who followed his style were respected.
His reputation spread throughout all directions, and his reputation was second only to Duke Huan of Qi.
Pretending to be the King of Zhou, he went out on a hunting tour to recruit his emperor to Heyang.
The minister summoned the king to obey the etiquette, so the public discussed it a lot.
Appreciation:
Chapter 48 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" contains a description of Cao Cao's poem. After Cao Cao pacified the north, he led a million-strong army to drink in the Yangtze River and fight Sun Quan decisively. It was a bright and bright night, and he set up wine and entertainment on the river to entertain the generals. Drunk, he took a spear and stood on the bow of the boat, singing generously.
Cao Cao pacified the northern separatist forces and took control of the government. He also personally led an army of 830,000 people to the north bank of the Yangtze River, preparing to cross the river to eliminate Sun Quan and Liu Bei, and then unify all of China. In the 13th year of Jian'an (AD 208), on November 15th in winter, the weather was fine and the sea was calm. Cao Cao ordered that there be wine and entertainment on the big ship tonight to entertain the generals. At night, the moon in the sky is very bright, and the Yangtze River is like a plain belt floating horizontally. Look at the generals on the boat, all of them are wearing rich clothes and embroidered coats, they look so majestic. Cao Cao told the generals: Since I raised my army, I have eliminated harm for the country, wiped out the four seas, and brought peace to the world. The Easterners came to express their gratitude, and Cao Cao was very happy. He first offered wine to the Yangtze River, and then drank three large cups. He then told the generals: "I will use this to break the Yellow Turban, capture Lu Bu, destroy Yuan Shu, capture Yuan Shao, go deep into the northern part of the Great Wall, directly to Liaodong, and conquer the world. I am living up to my ambition as a man. On this beautiful day, I will compose a song, and you will follow." and. Then, he sang: Singing to wine, the geometry of life is three turns around the tree, there are no branches to rely on, the mountains never get too high, the water never gets too deep, the Duke of Zhou spits out food, and the world returns to its heart.
"Dan Ge Xing" is an old title of Han Yuefu and belongs to "Xianghe Ge Ci Ping Tiao Qu". This means that it was originally the name of a piece of music. The original ancient words have been lost. There are 24 songs with the same name collected in Yuefu, the earliest one is Cao Cao's. Of course I don’t know how to sing this kind of music now. However, in Yuefu's "Xianghe Ge Ping Tiaoqu", in addition to "Dan Ge Xing", there is also "Long Ge Xing". Wu Jing's "An Explanation of Ancient Yuefu Titles" of the Tang Dynasty quoted the ancient poem "Long Ge Xing Zheng Zheng Zheng", and Wei Wendi Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing" short song "Weiyin cannot be long" is similar to "Yan Ge Xing" written by Fu Xuan of the Jin Dynasty. "Long song continues short song" and other sentences. It is believed that long song and short song refer to the length of the song. Now we can only understand the musical characteristics of "Dan Ge Xing" based on this little bit of information. The music "Dan Ge Xing" originally had corresponding lyrics, which were ancient Yuefu poems, but this ancient poem has been lost. The earliest "Dan Ge Xing" that can be seen now is the "Dan Ge Xing" written by Cao Cao to imitate Yuefu. The so-called Yuefu imitation is to use old Yuefu songs to make up new lyrics. Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing" has two songs, and the one I want to introduce here is the first one.
The theme of this "Dan Ge Xing" is very clear, that is, the author hopes to have a large number of talents for his own use. In his political activities, in order to expand his ruling base among the common landowners and combat the reactionary hereditary powerful forces, Cao Cao strongly emphasized meritocracy. To this end, he issued the Order to Seek Talent, the Order to Promote Scholars, and the Order to Seek Yi. Cai Ling, etc.; and "Dan Ge Xing" is actually a song of seeking virtue, and because it uses the form of poetry and contains rich lyrical elements, it can have a unique infectious effect and effectively promote what he insists on. advocated and cooperated with the decrees issued by him.