20 1 1-05-1014: 34: 49 Author: Text/Figure Cao Xianqiang Source: Yunnan Nationality 2011Phase III Browse: 93 Comment 0.
The Spring Festival is a traditional festival for Chinese people to celebrate and reunite. Achang people also celebrate the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival celebration of Achang nationality, from the twelfth lunar month to the first lunar month, is an annual custom activity with unique national traditions and rich national customs. On New Year's Eve, the householder took the sacrificial offerings and folded paper money, led the children to worship the village gods, first the village head, then the ancestors at home, and finally had a reunion dinner with his family. On New Year's Eve, housewives dig holes in the vegetable garden and order a melon and a nest of beans. Traditionally, melons, beans, seedlings and bean seedlings planted in a hurry on New Year's Eve are easier to harvest. On New Year's Eve, the old man stayed up late to watch his birthday. In the early morning, the boy recited the music of the financial door and opened the financial door from door to door in front of the hall. On the first day, women rest, men strive for the first water in the morning, and the old people pray for fasting in the morning. The first day, you can't play cymbals. You should put red notes on farm tools, fruit trees, cows and horses. After breakfast, the young and middle-aged people in the village beat gongs and drums to cut autumn poles in the distant mountains. On the second day of the second year, Kawamura held a stockade tree to worship the autumn god, and danced lions in Akita that night, chanting four words and singing lanterns. In the countryside where the Spring Lantern was arranged, all the participants had to clean themselves and wash their hands, and all the men had to hide in the Woods in the countryside to familiarize themselves with the lines of the rehearsal play so that they could appear on the autumn stage in the countryside the next night. The spring lantern performance lasted from the starry New Year's Eve to the 16th day of the first month, when the moon was in the sky and the singing ended. After the second day of school, the new daughter-in-law went back to her mother's house to pay New Year's greetings, and each family ate spring guests at home. Achang people, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, welcome the Spring Festival. Girls and boys are walking around the village, talking about love. Snow welcomes spring. It was not until the 16th day of the first month that the head of Qiutou asked the people in the village to remove the autumn shelf, thanked the autumn gods and agreed on the autumn festival next year, and the Spring Festival came to an end.
House god
Sacrificing village gods is a traditional custom and ancient folk custom of Achang nationality during the Spring Festival. Achang people advocate primitive religion and worship nature. The core of nature worship is animism and polytheism. Zhai Shen is the highest god. In Achang language, lianghe county is called "Wadang" and "Waga"; Longchuan County is called "Seman" and "Semeng". Every year on New Year's Eve, the village should be taken out, and every household should worship. House gods, usually located at the edge of Zhaitou village, are usually big old trees. In the social life of Achang people, every grass and tree where village gods stop has sacred gods. Therefore, members of all ethnic groups consciously safeguard the ancient trees near the village gods, and call the big trees attached to the village gods sacred trees. Every village, every household, men, women and children, no one has the right to deforestation, and everyone has the obligation to protect their original ecology. This is the most shocking village rules and regulations in rural China.
The ancient historical traditions and customs of offering sacrifices to village gods and ancestors during the Spring Festival have been popular in rural areas for thousands of years. The worship activities of Achang village gods are primitive, solemn, pious and sacred. The sacrifice was led by the venerable elders in the male village. Women can't participate. There is a strong gender consciousness in the traditional concept of Achang nationality. In the primitive religious activities of offering sacrifices to gods, there is more or less a secular concept of offering magical sacrifices and pleasing the most high god. Therefore, in the primitive sacrifice field, almost all men, grandpa led the children and grandchildren, and the father led the son. If there is no man at home, the woman will prepare a sacrifice, and let the men with similar blood in the family help to bring it to Zhaitou to offer sacrifices to Zhai Zhen.
Sacrifice to the god of autumn
The vast rural areas of Achang nationality have the habit of offering sacrifices to the gods during the Spring Festival. Every year during the Spring Festival, every village should worship the autumn god devoutly. On the first day of the Spring Festival every year, all chestnut trees are cut down, and the next day, they are in the village of beginning of autumn, and it is not until the 16th day of the first month that autumn is withdrawn, so as to send Xie Qiu to the dead. The ceremony of offering sacrifices to the autumn gods is quite complicated and grand, which has great national folk customs, historical humanities and traditional cultural values. In Achang nationality area in western Yunnan, it is a custom for families with sons to organize activities to worship autumn gods in the year of marriage. On New Year's Eve, Qiutou will go door to door and ask everyone for help. In the early morning of the first day, Qiutou had to prepare a sacrifice and buy a small piece of fresh meat, two pieces of sugar, a few pieces of Baba, a small bottle of rice wine, paper money and a pair of incense. Organize rural elders to beat gongs and drums, and send men carrying autumn in rural areas out of Zhaimen to cut autumn poles in distant mountains. On the second day of the second day, Qiu Tou invited the village head and elders, organized the old folks, put up the autumn shelf and sacrificed to Qiu Shen. In the autumn in the trees, the Achang people stood on the swing frame with their bare hands without using any safety protection devices, which was awe-inspiring. Sacrifice to the autumn god is usually held by villagers, village heads or male elders, beating gongs and drums, killing chickens and preparing wine, accompanied by a full set of etiquette and exquisite sacrificial speeches.
In Achang's primitive religious concept, the autumn god is invisible and intangible, only in their own hearts. The stopping point of the autumn god is the top of eight thick, tall and beautiful early autumn trees. These eight autumn heads are divided into four groups on the autumn field, arranged side by side in the opposite direction, with four trees on one side, and combined into a high-height door-shaped autumn frame. Therefore, the first autumn is also called "head gate" and "second gate" according to its size. The first door and the second door are bought by Qiutou with red cloth. Please ask the shopkeeper to hang them on the autumn pole tip. As long as the Achang country boys can carry the autumn pole back to the gate and the second gate, the whole village will praise it and the whole family will feel honored. When Achang people worship the autumn god, women can't take part in erecting autumn poles and dismantling autumn shelves. In normal times, women can play on swings. Moreover, Achang people, men, women and children like to use swings. There are many ways for Achang people to make swings. Popular among the people are "throwing autumn" and "sickle autumn" with one pedal and "girl autumn" with two upright feet. Let the swingman fly and rush for a while. Sometimes it spreads its wings like an eagle, and sometimes it preys like a tiger. There are many masters of swinging in the country.
Lamp-offering god
Sacrificial lanterns are a kind of sacrificial activities that Achang people organically combine the worship of autumn gods and the spring lanterns during the Spring Festival. Every year on the second day of the Lunar New Year, men, women and children, in the autumn field where the swing has just been set up, watch the Achang people's unique annual custom activity-playing spring lanterns. From the second day of February to the sixteenth day of the first month, during the whole long Spring Festival, Achang people meet to send lanterns, offer lanterns, dance lions, say four sentences (four poems), play spring lanterns, and sing and dance in autumn fields in rural areas. In the countryside where spring lanterns are placed, first of all, spring festival greetings and lanterns are placed for all villagers, and then, family by family, spring lantern lions visit one by one to make money for householders and lion dancers. All the people who participated in the Lantern Festival began to appear on the stage of Akita in rural areas on the second night of the second day of junior high school. The Spring Lantern Show lasts from the starry New Year's Eve to the 16th day of the first lunar month, when the moon is very bright. This is an important part of Achang's traditional folk culture. In Achangshan Village, western Yunnan, on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, the autumn shelf will be demolished in firecrackers; In the sound of firecrackers, I want to thank God Qiu. Pray for the countryside, harvest crops, prosperous livestock, favorable weather, peaceful country and people, and political harmony.
"eat spring guests"
In Achang nationality area in western Yunnan, newlyweds who visit their parents' home on the second day of the Lunar New Year will end their "eating spring guests" at their parents' home on the 15th day of the first month of the Lantern Festival. After that, the new wife will go back to her husband's house with the groom. In the morning, the bride's family will hold a grand banquet to entertain relatives, friends and relatives at home and see the newlyweds off. At the beginning of the spring guest, it was called food escape; When it's over, call it quitter. Family members and runaway and resignation guests from their parents' families will be like a wedding, and relatives and friends will get together. Will buy some gifts and money for the couple. Parents gave their children some chickens and pigs. Their parents-in-law support the new couple's trust, develop agricultural means of production, settle down, and ask them to take them back to their in-laws and live a good life. Before going out, a couple kowtowed to their parents and parents-in-law. The elders in the family taught the couple to be United and harmonious, to respect the old and love the young, to be thrifty and get rich, and to be thrifty and keep the house. Therefore, the rural areas of the Lantern Festival are all newcomers visiting relatives. Reluctantly, they bowed down to their homeland, bid farewell to their loved ones, went home with tears in their eyes, reluctantly waved away from the bustling Spring Festival, returned to rural life, started a difficult family, and started a busy spring ploughing production in rural areas!
Achang nationality in western Yunnan, the swing erected at the beginning of the Spring Festival and the spring lantern lit are thriving, from the first day of the lunar new year to the fifteenth day of the first month and the Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival, the annual activities of scattering autumn, sealing lights and making a scene are over. Workers in cities should go back to work, students in rural areas should go back to school, and farmers in rural areas should be prepared for farming and sowing. Rhododendron in the country is urging spring ploughing on the branches. A year's plan starts with spring. Let's start plowing in spring! Start the story of spring in the renewed spring of Vientiane!