The first couplet "sail to Jingmen ferry, and soon you will be with southerners." The mountain named Jingmen is on the south bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Yidu County, Hubei Province. Across the river from Huya Mountain on the north bank, the situation is dangerous, and it has always been called "the throat of Shu and Chu". Chu State and present Hubei belonged to Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Li Bai wrote this poem when he was young, when he left Sichuan by boat. At this time, Li Bai was only twenty-four years old, which was the first time he left his hometown of Sichuan. The trip to Jingmen is nothing compared with his later life travel, but it is the first time in his life that he has walked so far, and it is also by boat and water, so the journey is particularly long, especially long. At the foot of Jingmen Mountain, the mountains and rivers of his hometown in central Sichuan are no longer in sight, so he feels far away from his hometown both geographically and psychologically, so the first two words of this poem are "crossing the distance". He felt that he had come to a completely strange place with his hometown, and he entered Chu from Shu. Psychologically, he regarded Jingmen Mountain as the last symbol of his hometown. After crossing this mountain, I left my hometown, so it is called. These five words and two groups of words in the first sentence really show that although Li Bai's poems are full of lofty sentiments, once he writes metrical poems, he also pays great attention to the use of words and meter.
The second couplet began to describe the mountains and rivers of Chu, "The mountains stop at the primitive, and the rivers meander in the wilderness." The great river flows to Jingmen Mountain, and the terrain is gradually gentle, and the horizon is broadened. It is a vast and boundless Yuan Ye. Li Baigang came out of the Three Gorges, which is sandwiched between the mountains on both sides of the river. With the river boat moving eastward, the mountains in the middle of Shu behind him have gone further and further. In front of us is the endless Jianghan Plain. The Yangtze River pours down from the Three Gorges, with a great drop. At this point, it gradually calmed down and flowed to this vast new world. This couplet is the most famous sentence written by Li Bai about scenery. Generally speaking, Li Bai's famous sentences are full of lofty sentiments, such as "Five flowers and horses, autumn, handing over to the boy for good wine, and I will share a song of eternal regret with you" ("Into the wine"), "Oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the dignitaries, and no one will suffer a loss to see the truth" ("Dreaming of seeing the sky off"), all of which are full of strong personality and yearning. However, this couplet is purely about scenery, which is similar to Du Fu's "Stars from the clearing, the moon running on the river" ("One Night Travel") and quite imposing. It is the most colorful movement in Tang poetry and has been compared by many critics. We know that Li Bai's spiritual world is most easily moved and infected by landscape. When he suddenly faced the "Ye Ping" and "Great Wasteland" in Chu, which were completely different from Bashan and Shushu River he had been familiar with for more than 20 years, he not only opened his eyes, but also felt an invisible tremor and his heart was full of joy. He can't wait to jump up with Dajiang, with a young and romantic heart and a feeling of making contributions. And "River Wind Across the Wilderness" is a long-term vision, with vast chutian and far-reaching realm, which declares that the poet is already looking forward to a brand-new life course when he is about to enter the Chu River. In order to realize his ideal, he can't help but desire to show his talents. In fact, this couplet is not only a landscape painting, but also an outstanding figure with lofty aspirations. Facing a new life and entering a new world, what a true confession!
The third section "The bright moon is like a mirror, the sea clouds are like a palace" is still a landscape painting, but it is a combination of distance and reality. Flying mirror, flying mirror in the sky. According to Sima Qian's statement in Historical Records, the sea tower is a "mirage" and is now called a "mirage". At the foot of Jingmen Mountain, the river flows slowly and night falls. On the calm river, you can see the shadow of a bright moon floating in the waves. The bright moon and the river appear in the pen at the same time, both of which are Li Bai's favorite scenery to enter poetry. For example, on the way out of Sichuan, I wrote a poem "The Moon Song of Emei Mountain", and there is also a poetic description of "Emei Mountain falls on the flat Qiang River in half a month", and the astronomical phenomena and characters are converted and borrowed. For example, in Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days. Here, the feeling of the moon shadow in the river is not as straightforward as the Emei Mountain Moon Song, but a bold anthropomorphic association. This night, the moon is not at ease to stay alone in the lonely Guanghan Palace. She descended from the sky to the earth, jumped into the river and floated to the surface, just like a. After Li Bai wrote a soft night scene, he was still unfinished, and with a stroke of his hand, he outlined a gorgeous day with "sea clouds flashing like a palace". After the moon sets, the dawn comes, and the sky is full of colorful clouds, ups and downs and changes. Mirage-like wonders appear from time to time. It can be concluded that Li Bai, who just left Sichuan, has not seen a real mirage at this time, but he boldly used this kind of scenery that only appears in the desert to describe the unpredictable scene between Jingchu and Heaven. Among them, the most important information is that Li Bai's mentality of being suddenly enlightened and eager to try after coming out of the gorge. It is impossible to enjoy the "flying mirror" or "sea building" in the Three Gorges with high mountains and high waters. Now, whether it is night or sunny, you can "look up to the sky", set off the smoothness of the river with the bright moon shadow as a mirror, and set off the vastness of the river with endless cloud towers. This link is up and down, far and near. The joy and cheers of seeing the endless plains are gathered together, and people can appreciate the mystery of nature and the pulse of the poet's youthful vitality. Scenery is lyrical, and things are self-expression. From the four poems about seeing friends off at Jingmen Ferry, can you say that young Li Taibai has become an expert in integrating feelings into the landscape?
The last couplet of the poem is also wonderful, "and the water brings you a feeling of home, rowing your boat for three hundred miles." While Li Ran was immersed in the magical scenery of Jingchu, the silent river outside the ship somehow triggered his homesickness. Li Bai grew up in Shu, and since he was five years old, he has visited the famous mountains in Shu. In his early years, he studied in Daitian Mountain, Jiangyou County, then traveled to Emei and lived in seclusion in Qingcheng. He has deep feelings for every grass and tree in Shu. Now, he left Sichuan by boat, and now he is far from his hometown. It is inevitable that he is reluctant to go, and this nostalgia for his hometown has nowhere to vent. Therefore, looking for food in the river is better than no place. He didn't say that he missed his hometown, but that he was careful with himself and escorted him all the way from his hometown to Wan Li. This seemingly ruthless but affectionate writing makes the whole poem look particularly dignified and subtle at the end. In Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi said that this kind of connecting sentence "seems foreign in Chinese, but full of thoughts." In today's words, it means endless words. However, until the end of the poem, there is not a word about a friend's "farewell". It seems that this poem is not a farewell to friends, but the poet himself said goodbye to his hometown when he was far away from it. Therefore, Shen Deqian, a poet in A Qing, said in the Collection of Tang Poems that "there is no other meaning in the poem, and the word' don't' in the title can be deleted." Saying goodbye to one's hometown in this way, there is really no one but Li Bai.
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Soldiers who have been guarding for a long time reminisce and sigh on their way home.
original text
Pick EU, pick EU 1,
Wei also made a second stop.
Gui Yue Gui Yue 3,
Don't stop at 4 years old.
The house was destroyed,
The reason of ghosts 6.
Don't live in the seventh place,
The reason for the ghost.
Choose the EU, choose the EU,
Wei is also soft.
Gui Yue Gui Yue,
My heart is also worried.
Worried, 8,
Hungry.
I haven't decided yet 10,
I was hired to 1 1.
Choose the EU, choose the EU,
Wei just stopped at 12.
Gui Yue Gui Yue,
13 years old.
Wang Shi Miguo 14,
Never leave.
Worry and guilt 15,
Can I do that? 16!
Bilviho 17？
Flower of the paddock 18.
Heluosi 19?
Gentleman's car 20.
Rong che is driving 2 1,
There are 22 four-acre industries.
How dare you live safely?
Because of a month of fighting!
Driving four horses,
Four animals, 23.
A gentleman depends on 24,
Villains 25.
The four-wing wing 26,
Like a fish suit 27.
Don't you quit 28 every day?
Armadillo hole stab 29!
I'm leaving,
Willo yiyi is 30 years old.
Today I think of 3 1,
It is raining and snowing.
This road is slow,
With hunger and thirst
My heart is very sad,
I don't know. I'm sad!
Interpretation and translation
Picking vegetables, picking vegetables,
The bud of Osmunda japonica has broken through the ground.
Say go home, say go home,
More than half a year has passed.
No home, no room,
Just because of the invasion of armadillos.
Can't sit down and settle down,
Because armadillos are always in trouble.
Picking vegetables, picking vegetables,
The stems and leaves of Osmunda japonica are tender.
Say go home, say go home,
How worried I am.
Worry burns like fire,
Another example is hunger.
The camp is not fixed,
No one went back to their hometown to ask questions.
Picking vegetables, picking vegetables,
The stems and leaves of Osmunda japonica become thick and hard.
Say go home, say go home,
This year, the sunny moon has come again.
Royal affairs are endless,
I can't enjoy silence for a moment.
Worry is painful,
It is difficult for me to return to my province after a long trip today.
What flowers are in full bloom?
Tangdi rotted in piles.
Who will ride in the high carriage?
That's for the general.
The chariot has already set out,
These four horses are mighty and magnificent.
Dare not live in peace, often fight,
Submitted three times in January.
Driving four horses,
Four horses are strong and energetic.
The general took the bus as his order,
Infantry use cars as cover.
How neat four horses are,
A bow decorated with ivory fish skin.
Can you not be vigilant every day?
The invasion of armadillos is imminent.
When I left home to join the army,
The willow swayed gently.
Now that I'm home,
Snowflakes are flying all over the sky.
The road is long and slow,
Hungry, thirsty and worried.
It's really hard for me,
Who knows how sad I am.
To annotate ...
1. Wei: Leguminosae, commonly known as Dawo cuisine, is edible.
2. Work: life. Stop: auxiliary word.
3. Yue: It is meaningless to say that it is an auxiliary word.
4. Mo: the original word of "Twilight". At the end of the year, the year will be over.
5. Nothing: Nothing.
6. Armadillo (new york n): Northern minorities were called Di in the Spring and Autumn Period and Xiongnu in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties.
7. I'm not available. Leisure. Rev: Sit on your knees. Home: live and work in peace.
8. Fierce: The fire is very big, which is described as worrying here.
9. Load: auxiliary words.
10. garrison: garrison. D: Stable.
1 1. Ambassador: the person who delivers information. Employment: Ask questions.
12. Gang: refers to Osmunda japonica changing from tender to old, becoming thick and hard.
13. Yang: Yang Yue, which means after April in the summer calendar.
14. (?): Stop.
15. Guilt: pain. Kong Ju, it's very painful.
16. Come: Go home. Don't come, don't come back.
17.2: The word "acenaphthene" is borrowed, and the flowers are in full bloom. Ho Wei: What's this?
18. Chang: Chang Di, Tang Di.
19. Road: same as "strip", tall carriage.
20. Gentleman: refers to the general.
2 1. Military vehicles: personnel carriers.
22. Four Horses: Four stallions are sitting in a chariot. Industry: The horse is tall and handsome.
23. raccoon (kuí) raccoon: Ma Zhuang, nice.
24. by: by.
25. villain: refers to foot soldiers. FíI: "Shelter" is under the cover of concealment.
26. Wings: neat and skilled.
27. Elephant: A bow inlaid with ivory. Fish coat: an arrow bag made of fish skin. Clothes, under the guise of "Hong".
28. Day ring: daily guard.
29. Spine: Same as "urgent".
30. Yiyi: Willow branches are fluttering in the wind.
3 1.Si: auxiliary word.
32. Yu: As a verb, it snows. Feifei: Snowflakes are flying.
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In the cold winter, it was raining and snowing, and a retired recruiter was walking home alone. The road is rugged, hungry and thirsty; But the border is getting farther and farther, and the towns are getting closer and closer. At the moment, he looks at his hometown and looks back on the past and the present, but his thoughts are complicated and mixed. Hard military life, fierce battle scenes, countless times to climb to the top of the mountain, scenes reappeared in front of me. Picking Wei is such an ancient chess piece three thousand years ago, and it is a work of reminiscence and sigh on the way home. Its category belongs to Xiaoya, but it is very similar to the national style.
The whole poem consists of six chapters, divided into three layers. Since it is a memory on the way home, I will write it in flashback. The first three chapters are one layer, recalling homesickness and describing the reasons for being unable to return. The first four sentences of these three chapters express homesickness and yearning for home in a step-by-step way. Over time, this kind of mood has become more and more urgent and unbearable. The first sentence begins with picking the EU, but the EU is both prosperous and rich. Because Osmunda japonica is edible, the guards are picking Osmunda japonica to satisfy their hunger. Therefore, this casual sentence is a verbal prospect, reflecting the hardships of the soldiers guarding the border. The "picking Wei" of frontier soldiers is indistinguishable from the "picking flies" and "picking mulberry" of women in their hometown. Garrison is not only hard, but also long. Step by step, Wei Yeting Stop, Soft Stop and Just Stop vividly describe the growth process of Osmunda japonica from breaking ground to germination, to tender seedlings, and then to hard stems and leaves. Together with "the year can't stop" and "the year can't stop", it means the passage of time and the long-term garrison. At dusk at the beginning of the year, things change, "I will go back to my hometown", but I have not returned for a long time; How can a guard who is always in danger of his life not be "worried"? So, why is it so difficult to return to the garrison? The last four sentences are explained layer by layer: being far away from home is because of the suffering of armadillos; Because of frequent wars, the garrison is uncertain; There is no time to rest, because there is no end to kings. The root cause is the "ghost cause". Hanshu? Xiongnu Biography said: "When the King (Zhou) was taken, the royal family declined, and Rong Di invaded China. China suffered from it, and the poet started it. When I am sick, I sing:' It' s embarrassing to break the family and die.' " This can be regarded as the background of the work "Picking Wei". For the suffering of armadillos, ordinary people have the responsibility to guard the service. In this way, on the one hand, it is homesickness complex, on the other hand, it is fighting consciousness. The first three chapters are intertwined with personal homesickness and the sense of responsibility for going to disaster for the country, which are two contradictory and equally true thoughts and feelings. In fact, this also constitutes the emotional tone of the whole poem, but personal homesickness and sense of responsibility for fighting have different manifestations in different chapters.
The fourth and fifth chapters describe the tense life of marching operations. He wrote about the strength of military capabilities and the strictness of vigilance, and the whole article did this. Its emotional appeal has also changed from sad homesickness to passionate fighting. These two chapters and four sentences have the same meaning and can be read in four layers. In the first four sentences of the four chapters, the poet asked himself and answered, "the gentleman's car" is raised with "the wisdom of maintaining stability", which shows the unique pride of soldiers. Then two battle scenes are described around the chariot: "The chariot is driving and the four industries are fighting. I dare to decide, 1 I will be happy on March 3. " This generally describes the mighty military capacity, high morale and frequent wars; "Driving four stallions, four stallions. The gentleman depends on it, and the villain flies. " This describes in detail the scene of foot soldiers following the chariot under the cover of the chariot and under the command of the general. Finally, from the battle scene, the soldier's equipment reads: "Four rows of wings, like a fish suit." The horse is strong, well-trained, well-armed and invincible. Soldiers are ready every day, just because the armadillo is rampant. "Don't quit every day, there are holes and thorns in the armadillo", which not only reflects the situation on the border at that time, but also explains the reason why it is difficult to return for a long time. According to the description of military life in these two chapters, Mao Xu thinks that "Picking Wei" is a poem of "sending troops to defend" to persuade soldiers. This is inconsistent with poetry. Judging from the contradictory feelings expressed in the whole poem, the defenders have both homesickness and overall situation, and it seems that there is no lack of responsibility for the rise and fall of the country. Therefore, it is natural to recall the fighting life in where will you go yesterday on the long way home.
The emotional theme that runs through the whole article is the sadness of homesickness. Perhaps the sudden snowflake woke the garrison, and he returned to reality from his memory, and then fell into deeper sadness. Remembering the past and remembering the present, how can I not be sad? "I left yesterday, willow, a.. I think about it today, it's raining. " This is the time to write the scene, which is more lyrical. Individual life exists in time. In the context changes of "today" and "past", "coming" and "gone", "snowy rain" and "willow tree", the guards deeply experienced the waste of life, the passage of life and the denial of life value by war. Unparalleled literary feelings are new through the ages. Today, people can't help feeling sad when they read these four sentences, mainly because they feel the deep feeling of life passing in the poetic realm. "Walking slowly, thirsty and hungry", coupled with the long journey home, dangerous road, insufficient luggage and hunger and cold, this imminent life dilemma deepened his sadness. "Delaying walking" seems to include the guards' worries about their parents and wives. In a few years, it is impossible to know whether you will be hired or not. When this kind of return comes, the fear of "now, approaching my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question" (Tang who crossed the Han River) will inevitably appear. However, in this rainy wilderness, no one knows and no one comforts; "My heart is sad, but I don't know that I am sad", and the whole poem ends in this lonely and helpless lament. Throughout the poem, the typical significance of the dominant emotion is not to express the feelings of sending troops to fight, but to separate individuals from the battlefield under the background of the war conflict between the retreating dynasty and barbarians, expressing the inner world of the defenders who have been defending for a long time and are worried about their way home, thus showing Zhou people's disgust and disgust at war. Cai Wei seems to be the originator of war-weary poems throughout the ages.
In art, "I used to be absent, and the willows were reluctant." I think it's raining today ",which is called one of the best poems in" Three Hundred Poems ". The Southern Dynasties' Selected Works of Kasper? has been evaluated for more than 500 years. Wang Fuzhi's poems in Jiangzhai have become the poet's mantra, that is, "To write mourning with joy, to mourn for Syaraku, to double his sorrow and joy" and Liu Xizai's "artistic program" have become the poet's favorite words. The sentence patterns of "past" and "present" have been repeatedly imitated by poets, such as Cao Zhi's "Frost begins, and the present reveals itself" (love poems), and "Yesterday's words are not plain autumn, but the present is full of China" (autumn Hu poems), and so on.