Poets are good at writing strange epigrams, and they must be tempered to become great. The language style of poetry. For example, Li Changji's Autumn Rain (1), although dangerous and meaningless, only feels unreasonable. At least Ling's words "white rot, dragon and tiger die, black falls in the thunderstorm of the lunar calendar" ②, Changli's words "big sharpening" and "dry Kun's claw" ③ are really thrilling, but everyone can see them.
Violet is not. Such as "Fuding Nong Pangu, cart turns pulley". "Mother snails play with loess, and make fools of themselves. Scattered in Liuhe ⑤, like dust "(Shangyunle). "Raise your hand to understand the shallowness, and board the Weaver Girl Machine by mistake" ("Tour Mount Tai"). "The wind blows down the mountain in three days, and the white waves are higher than the crock pavilion" (Hengjiang Ci). It's all amazing, but it's all spilled, without any trace of its tempering. (Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" Volume 1)
Some questions may not lave this meaning, but they will be unforgettable at 12 and 13: for example, "Colorful clouds tear? "My mind is free and easy, and I will definitely return to the bird" in "Looking at Yue" and "Seven stars return to the north and rivers flow west" in "Dengci 'en Temple Tower"; ⑨ ⑨⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨ ⑨; "In Comments on Farewell to Wei," A bird scares the tree to death, and Yi Long angrily pulls out the old man "; In Liu Shaofu's painting "Landscape", "Reflecting on the urgency of the storm the night before, Pucheng was haunted by ghosts and spirits, and his vitality was still wet, which really killed the complaint day"; In Wei Yan's pine paintings, "The rotten bones are destroyed in vain, and the dragons and tigers die, and the black falls in the Taiyin thunderstorm". Tietangxia is "the balance, the stone is thick and the ground is cracked". Mupiling "Gan Yang fills Daming ⑩, and bends down and cracks thick Kun ⑾"; "Taozhuqian" states that "the secluded road will be seized by ghosts and gods, and the sword will be drawn or enter the dragon"; In "Climbing Bai Di Tower", the west branch of Fusang breaks the stone, and the weak water flows with the east shadow. Fusang is called "west branch" in the east, and the weak water is called "east shadow" in the west, and the positive electrode says that its land is high and far away. All the questions have no such meaning, so I try to imitate them. Living is better than anything else, so it becomes the sentence of this unexpected adventure, the so-called twelve points and three points. (ibid., vol. ii)
(1) phrases written by Li He. ② White: refers to the cracked part of pine bark. Black: refers to pine branches. Lunar: refers to the moon. 3 Gan Kun: Heaven and Earth. Eruption: primitive thunder, the sound of rock cracking. The lion tried his best to beat the rabbit. ⑤ Liuhe: Up and down four directions, referring to heaven and earth. ⑥ Shallow: The "shallow river" in Jumping Altair refers to the Milky Way. ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ ⑦ 9318 Seven Stars: The Big Dipper. Hehan, Yinhe. 9 reading: experience. Generation: people's metabolism, people's changes. Attending Daming: The sun. ⑾ Hou Kun: Little hair accumulates. ⑿ Fusang: According to myth, the sun rises from the valley, bathes in a salty pool and blows Fusang. [13] Weak water: In myth, the water in the west is weak, and everything will sink if you can't lift your feathers.
It is pointed out here that both sentences have magnificent styles and there are differences. One is written naturally, like a pen, not necessarily hard, without any traces of tempering. For example, Li Bai's "On the Cloud" said that the immortal "touched the top and got Pangu, pushing the wheel". He rubbed Pangu's head like a child and pushed the wheel. It was amazing. He also said, "Nu Wa plays on the loess, and she is only a foolish servant, scattered in Liuhe, like dust." According to the myth, people are made of loess by Nu Wa, so people have little knowledge and can't know the magical power of the gods to set off their infinite magical power. The Tang Dynasty praised Wade by emphasizing the magic of immortals, saying that all immortals like him worked for the Tang Dynasty. Although this is far from ideological, it is a strange idea and written naturally. Another example is "Traveling to Mount Tai", which says that I climbed the mountain and said, "Raise your hand and understand it, and I mistakenly boarded the Weaver Machine." Raise your hand to get the clear water of the Milky Way, and accidentally climb onto the loom of Weaver Girl. The writing of "Hengjiang Ci" is stormy. "The wind blew down the mountain for three days, and the white waves were higher than the crock pavilion." These words are exaggerated, easy to understand and natural and effortless.
First, it is difficult to understand. For example, Gui Fu's "The Play is a Song of Double Pines": "Two fur skins are badly cracked, and the iron turns back to the high branches. White destroys rotten bones, dragons and tigers die, and black falls on the moon and thunderstorms. " The bark of two pine trees cracked, revealing a miserable white, like the bones of a dragon and a tiger; The branches of pine trees are bent, reaching into the sky like iron, like iron is black, reaching into the sky, so it is said that black is in the sun and then set off by thunderstorms. These two sentences are very imaginative and magnificent, but they are very laborious. Han Yu's "Adjusting Zhang Borrow": "Sharpen the sky" and "Dry Kun Danglei", which means that when Dayu was controlling water, he cut the mountain to clear the way, so he used a big knife and raised it to the sky. When he split the mountain, the rock cracked and made a loud noise, which shook the whole world. This means that Du Li's writing style, like that of Dayu, tries to exaggerate the strength of Du Li's writing style, which shows that it is very laborious for the author to write like this. These two examples are laborious, but meaningful.
One is very laborious and meaningless. For example, Li He's "one stone breaks the autumn rain" is a powerful way to describe a very amazing phenomenon, so it has become an idiom. However, from the myth of Nu Wa's tempering stone, it is concluded that the stone is broken for the sky, and it leaks rain, which is thankless and meaningless.
Here, there are three kinds of magnificent poems. Zhao Yi's original intention is that the first kind is the best, magnificent and natural, easy to understand and easy to write. The second one is magnificent, laborious and meaningful, slightly inferior to the first one, but still good; The third kind is laborious and meaningless, so it is not enough. However, from the perspective of poetry recitation, Zhao Yi's poem "Breaking the Rock to Stir Autumn Rain" is the most popular, and "breaking the rock" has become an idiom, which shows that its image can be touching. Zhao Yi's most important words, such as "Fuding Nong Pangu", were ignored. Why? Li He described music as "twenty-three strings move the purple emperor" and wrote the high notes of the purple emperor. "Nu Wa tempered the stone to make up the sky, and it was stirred at the beginning of autumn rain." This high-pitched voice shook the sky, and the place where the goddess filled the sky was cracked by the vibration, and the autumn rain leaked out from the crack. Li He's imagination is really wonderful. He created it. As for Li Bai's Fu Ding Nong Pangu, it is not a whimsical creation to write that the immortal regards Pangu as his son. It is not a fantasy to say that Nu Wa made man. As for the significance of these poems, it is of little significance for Li He to write music. Li Bai wrote this magical fairy to celebrate the emperor's birthday, but it is meaningless to sing praises. However, as far as the sudden development of imagination is concerned, Li Bai's ci is not as good as Li He's, that is, Du Fu's "white bone" and "black moon", Han Yu's "giant blade skyscraper" is not as good as Li He's, and Li He's poems surpass them in imagination, so this sentence is the most popular. In a sense, Han Yu's ci is more than Li He's. Because Han Yu is a meaningful brushwork to praise Du Li's vigor, Han Yu's ci is also very popular. As for Li Bai's "a gust of wind blows down the mountain in three days, and the white waves are higher than the crock pavilion", it is more famous than "Fuding Nong Pangu". This exaggeration is also very creative and easy to understand. Besides, a good work should be meaningful and energetic, as is the case with Du Fu and Han Yu's best works. It's not meaningless, but also laborious and difficult to understand.
Here I quote Du Fu's Adventures at Twelve or Thirteen o'clock as an example, and these examples can be classified according to the above statement. One is magnificent, but not very puzzling. For example, "Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " Du Fu looked at Mount Tai and imagined that if they climbed Mount Tai, clouds would reverberate on their chests and birds would fly under their feet. Because the mountain is high, they have to open their eyes to see the returning birds. Deng Ci 'en Temple Tower exaggerates the tower height, the north window meets Beidou, and the sound of the Milky Way is heard. "Tietang Gorge": "The balance is grinded by the diameter, and the stone and the thick ground crack." It is said that the Panshan Highway has reached the sky and the stone valley is as deep as a thick seam, which means that the mountain is high and the valley is deep. Speaking of Mupiling's "Gan Yang fills Daming, and bends down to crack the thick Kun", it is said that the mountains are high enough to block the sun, and the valleys are deep enough to crack the thick. Speaking of peach and bamboo sticks, he said that "the secluded road will be taken away by ghosts and gods, and the sword will be drawn or enter the dragon", saying that peach and bamboo sticks are precious and he is going to cross the river with them. Ghosts and gods will come to seize them on the way, and dragons will come to fight for them when crossing the river. He will fight with them to protect the peach and bamboo branches. When he wrote about Liu Shaofu's new painting, he said, "Reflecting on the urgency of the storm the night before, Pucheng was haunted by ghosts, full of vitality and still wet, which really made him cry." This is a compliment to Liu Shaofu's good paintings. He also said that "there is smoke in the mountains and rivers", indicating that there is smoke and rain in this painting, so considering the urgency of the storm the night before, Pucheng ghosts and gods want to play in the mountains and rivers in the painting, bringing wind and rain, making the painting dripping ink or wet. Ghosts and gods tell the story of this wonderful painting, and heaven should be moved to tears. Exquisite pen and ink can touch ghosts and gods. These words are strange in conception and magnificent in writing, but they are not difficult to understand.
Another kind of writing is magnificent and difficult to understand. For example, in Sanchuan County, it is said that "the sound blows ghosts and gods, and the momentum of water rushing down can blow all ghosts and gods down, and the water flow is faster than all changes in the world. Another example is the sound of blowing the horn (horn) in the poem to send Wei to comment on things, saying that "the bird scares the dead tree, and the dragon angrily pulls out the old banjo." The dead tree refers to the phoenix tree, which can be used as a piano. This means that the sound of the horn blows sadly, the birds start up and the dragon jumps out of the pot. " The west branch of Fusang breaks the stone, and the weak water flows with the east ",which means that Baitita is so high that you can see the Fusang in the east and the weak water in the west. Fusang Weak Water is a mythical place name. Du Fu felt that this was not enough. Because Fusang is in the east, he said that he saw the west branch of Fusang, and the weak water was in the west. So he said that he saw the reflection of weak water flowing eastward, which meant that he could see everything no matter how far away. These words are unexpected and seem very hard. Du Fu said that "if you don't say anything, you will die endlessly", which shows his spirit of trying to amaze. But Du Fu's best poems are vigorous and natural, not very laborious and difficult to understand.
water channel
The meaning of a topic must be fulfilled, and people who are calm enough, such as "Fang Bing Cao Huma", not only say "bamboo wears ears" and "the wind enters four hooves", but also say: "The direction is empty, it is really worth life and death." Listening to Xu Shiyi's Poems on Playing the Piano includes two parts: "I want to hammer the hook ② with my hand" and "Listen to the cymbals ③ with pure heart", and "I can penetrate the cymbals ④ and fly to destroy the thunderbolt ⑤". Even said that Li Bai's poem "put pen to paper to shake the wind and rain, poetry into tears." Two poems called Gao Cen: "The meaning is just flying, but the articles are always mixed." My nephew, Qin Qin, said in a poem, "The etymology goes back to the Three Gorges, and the brush array swept a thousand troops alone." "Dengci 'en Temple Tower" says: "If you look down and get angry, how can you distinguish the country? "Go to Fengxian" says: "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and there are frozen bones on the road. "The Northern Expedition says," Night crosses the battlefield, and the cold moon shines on the bones. "Shu Huai" says: "If the roots of pine are destroyed, the ground will be cold and the bones will not rot. "This is the proper meaning in the title, others can't say that Shaoling is unique. (Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" Volume 2)
(1) "Xiang" said that a good horse's ears should be sharp and small, like a bamboo tube. (2) Hand Hammer Hook: The article "Zhuangzi Know the North Tour" said that there was an old worker hammer hook, which was not bad at all, indicating that kung fu was very skilled. ③ Dysprosium (enemy dí): Gong Ming, whistling arrow, refers to the loudness of syllables. (4) Xing Xing (Xing Xing): Heaven and earth are born with vitality, which means that the intention is far-reaching. ⑤ Destroying thunderbolt: refers to a powerful force. How can I: How can I?
This is a leisurely style. Calm and depression are very similar. Literally, depression seems to be profound in content and accumulated, and Fu's poems were written after chaos. Li Bai's poems are also profound in content and vigorous in brushwork, but his poems are full of high spirits, which are different from depression. Some of Du Fu's poems, such as "If I don't have an open mind, I won't die", are also heroic and can be called calm. Here, calm is used to illustrate Du Fu's true skill. The author also said: "Gage's thoughts are heavy, and others only talk about seven or eight points. Shaoling must speak ten points, even twelve or thirteen points. The power of his pen is enough to make up for his talents, so there is nothing to say. " It is pointed out that Du Fu's poetic thinking is profound and his brushwork is vigorous, which constitutes a calm style.
Du Fu praised Cao's flax and said, "Bamboo is covered with spikes, and the wind is light." . The direction is not empty, and it really deserves to die. "It is said that the horse has sharp ears and small ears, like a bamboo tube. From the outside, it is a good horse. When it runs, its hooves are windy and light. Judging from the horse's appearance, he wrote that it can run fast, but Du Fu refused to stop and further wrote about its benefits. It is indomitable and there is no open border to stop it. In times of trouble, you can really entrust life and death and give it life. This is ten points. Du Fu not only wrote about horses here, but also wrote about indomitable heroism and unswerving determination, so he was profound in thought and extremely vigorous in brushwork, so he was calm and carefree.
Du Fu praised Xu Shiyi for reciting poems. "You should look at the hammer hook with your hands and listen to the cymbals. Fine and subtle, flying to destroy the thunderbolt. " Xu Shiyi's poems are good and well read, which has reached the point of perfection. Just like watching an old worker hammer a hook, it is handy and accurate, just like listening to the whistling arrow, with bright eyes and loud voice. These two sentences have talked about the time and syllables of Xu Shiyi's poems, but Du Fu did not stop. It is also said that Xu Shiyi's poems have far-reaching implications, permeating the vitality of the birth and death of heaven and earth, that is, reaching a very subtle realm, with excited syllables that can destroy thunder. Peeping can destroy all kinds of things, and now it is even more powerful to destroy thunder.
Du Fu was full of praise for Li Bai's poems, saying that "the pen fell in shock and rain, and the poem made the gods cry." Poetry written with a pen has amazing power like a storm, so it is said that Li Bai's works are magnificent, but Du Fu further said that Li Bai's poems made ghosts and gods cry. Du Fu praised Cen Can's Gao Shi poem and said, "Gao Cen walks slowly, and Shen Bao walks with him. The meaning is just flying, and the article is finally mixed. " This means that as long as Gao Shi and Cen Can walk slowly, they can compete with former poets Shen Yue and Bao. In addition, Gao Cen's poems are profound and imaginative. Du Fu praised Du Qin's works for their strong literary style and strong brushwork, saying that "Ci originated from the Three Gorges and swept a thousand troops alone." Praise the height of the Ci 'en Temple Tower, once said that "the seven stars (the Big Dipper) are at the north gate, and the rivers flow west", you can see the Big Dipper and hear the sound of the Milky Way; I still didn't think it was enough, so I wrote the scene at the top of the tower. "Qinshan suddenly broke, I can't find it. Looking down, you can't tell the empire. " Qinshan is no longer tall, but looks small and broken. Water mirror can't be distinguished from weishui. Looking down, it's just a piece of Wang Yang. How can we distinguish the scenery in Beijing? This is an exaggeration. It is said that it is ten points. "The wine in Zhumen stinks, and the bones on the road freeze to death" is a highly generalized way of writing, which is vividly written, forming a sharp contrast and becoming a famous sentence. "The night is over the battlefield, and the cold moon shines on the bones." Choose a shocking scene to write. Du Fu lived in Zhangzhou during the Anshi Rebellion. He heard that it was "worse than the smell and was killed." Considering that his family was in danger of being killed, the teacher wrote down the language style of the poem. He further said that "the root of pine is destroyed, and the bones in the ground are not rotted." He imagined that the hut was destroyed by the enemy and fell by the roots of pine trees. Because of the cold climate there, the bones of the deceased have not rotted. This is his imagination based on his own personal experience in the chaos, and he wants to write about the injuries he has suffered.
Here, the author puts forward a calm style, and some books also mention depression. Both of them are profound in content, contrary to impetuousness and consistent. Generally speaking, it is calm and happy. At twelve o'clock, it is extremely powerful, so it is said to be happy. Some say it's cadence, profound content and cadence of syllables, so it's frustration. Calm is different from frustrated contact, and frustration is different from happy contact. This is the difference between the two.
depressed
The method of writing lyrics is depressed at first, heavy but not floating, depressed and not thin. It is easy to persist in depression, but it is not rooted in coquettish. Will you be depressed? (Chen Tingzhuo's White Jade Zhai Thorns, Volume 1)
Zhang Gan Yuan's "He Xinlang sent Hu Bangheng to Xinzhou ①": "Dream around Shenzhou Road ②, disappointed with the autumn wind, even painted corners, so the official kept Xiaomi ③. The lowest thing is the Kunlun Mountain, with nine cloudy turbulence and foxes and rabbits gathering in thousands of villages. God's will is never difficult to ask, but people tend to complain when they are old. More Nanpu, send you away. The cool willow bank urges the residual summer heat, and the river is more sparse, and the clouds are slightly broken. I don't know, but I looked back at the night talk. Who can't be a goose without books? Looking up to the sky and cherishing the present, I would like to pay tribute to you. Give a big white ⑤, listen ⑤ ⑤. " The complete works are based on a sentence and a message from He Xinlang, whose words are generous and sad. Hundreds of years later, I still want to suppress my arrogance. (Summary of Sikuquanshu)
(1) In the eighth year of Shaoxing, Song Gaozong (1 138), the Song Dynasty made peace with the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty issued an imperial edict to the south. Hu Quan, editor of the Privy Council, opposed the capitulation line and advocated that Qin Gui should be beheaded, while Qin Gui demoted Hu Quan to Guangzhou Salt Warehouse. In the 12th year of Shaoxing (1 142), Qin Gui asked his subordinates to play Hu Quan's "Non-horizontal Discussion" and put him in charge of Xinzhou (Xinxing County, Guangdong Province). Zhang Wei wrote this word. History is a court counselor, which refers to editing. (2) Shenzhou Road: It refers to the Central Plains, including Bianjing, so it is hereinafter referred to as the Forbidden City. (3) Leaving the millet: "Poem Leaving the Millet" and "Congratulate Leaving the Millet", millet droops. Overlapping mountains means that Bianjing was destroyed and became a land with millet. (4) Nerves say that there are Tianzhu in Kunlun Mountain. There is a pillar mountain in Sanmenxia. What is said here is that Tianzhu or pillar fell down, which means that nomadic people invaded and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. (5) The Yellow River is flooding everywhere. 6 Dabai: Wine glass. All landowners "golden melody", namely "He Xinlang".
Zhang's "He Xinlang" is "generous and sad", which expresses his "forbearance and openness" and constitutes a gloomy style. From the beginning, it was associated with the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty and the fall of the Central Plains, and only the dream of going to the Central Plains. But only barracks and trumpets, the Forbidden City was desolate and destroyed by the Jin Army. There was a pause at "The Forbidden City is far away from Xiaomi", and the gesture changed to say "Kunlun Mountain is the mainstay". How could it cause the mainstay to collapse and the Yellow River to flood, so that foxes and rabbits occupied thousands of villages? There was a pause here, then there was no direct answer, and the gesture turned to "God's will is never difficult to ask". This "providence" includes two meanings, one is inheritance, how the pillar fell, and how the Northern Song Dynasty died. This layer of providence is hard to ask; The first layer is to take care of the following, that is, "mourning is greater than dying in the heart" and farewell, which includes how to let the capitulator Qin Gui take power and expel Hu Quan who firmly advocates the war of resistance. The meaning of this layer is not easy to explain in words, and it is only revealed in Sadness and Farewell. This was linked from the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty to the surrender route of the Southern Song Dynasty, and this providence actually pointed to the feudal supreme ruler. This "sadness" is precisely because of these reasons. When Qin Gui, the capitulator, was in hot demand, this kind of sadness was hard to say, and I only felt the blow, which was nothing more than being old. This will transfer to the new state of Hu Quan and bid farewell to Nanpu. Jiang Yan's Biefu: "How painful it is to send you to Nanpu!" More sadness.
In the middle of the night, the farewell season is early autumn and hot summer, and the galaxy tilts into the middle of the night. Next, instead of talking about the bed at night, we stopped with "breaking the clouds" and said "Wan Li knows where the mountains are", which is consistent with "dreaming of the road to China". It is implicitly pointed out here that after the compilation of NSW, the mountains and rivers of Wan Li in the Central Plains have to be found in dreams. When I think of that time, I think of "Talking about Sex at Night" tonight. The first half is about the feelings of state affairs. This way of thinking from tonight to another day has been preserved in previous masterpieces, such as Du Fu's Moonlit Night, "When can we lie on our screen again and watch the bright light stop crying?" This reminds me of the tears that separated the two places tonight. Li Shangyin's A Note to a Friend in the North on a Rainy Night, When * * * cuts the candle at the west window, but talks about the rain at night, when talking about the situation of missing tonight, he thinks of the other side who is separated from the two places tonight. I think of another day from today, and I think of the party from two places. Here, I also thought of another day from today. Today is the sadness of getting together to say goodbye. Recalling tonight's Talk to the Night by the Bed, I feel even sadder. It is both grief for the country and grief for parting, and communication is also very difficult. If I pause here and say goodbye to the present, how can I part with my little children for personal kindness? Han Yu's "Listening to Ying Shi Playing the Piano" "Love your son's words and be wronged like you." Don't learn from the grievances of younger children. In order to feel the state affairs, we should "look forward and look back, and feel the past and present", linked with "God's will is never too difficult to ask", raise a glass to dispel our worries and listen to this song.
As a gloomy style, the author's feelings are deep and gloomy, which can be expressed with a tortuous pen, and there are thousands of words in his chest, which can only be revealed in twists and turns. When the capitulators came to power, the idea of anti-Japanese war could not be realized, and it was only when they dreamed of the Forbidden City that it was revealed. This paper puts forward why the pillar collapsed and can only be sighed by the sky. The sadness of parting is not for personal friendship. Why? It is only through "looking up to the sky and cherishing the past and present" that it is revealed that these are all manifestations of a depressed style. See "under".
"Depressed and frustrated" can be found in Du Fu's Carving Fu: "As for depressed and frustrated, be agile at any time." The depression and frustration of Du Fu's poems are naturally formed with the development of events. Discontinuation is like writing with a brush. When the pen tip is pressed down, it makes the pen tip slightly loose, and turning the pen is called frustration. For example, "the guest travels on Xin' an Road, and the soldiers smell it. "If you ask officials in Xin 'an, the county seat will be even smaller." After a pause here, I thought I shouldn't draw Ding, but my pen was frustrated. I turned to "Official post last night, the men's line was selected for the second time." Here's another meal, turning to Du Fu's exclamation: "China men are absolutely short, so why keep the city?" This turning point revealed Du Fu's dissatisfaction with the official position and sympathy for the people. This is another meal. Turning to middle-aged people, it is sad that middle-aged people have been chosen, and one of them is even sadder. "Fat man has a mother to send, thin man a person. White water is flowing east, and Qingshan is still crying. "Fat and thin, have a mother, also cried miserably. Here is a meal, and the pen turns to Du Fu's words. " Don't let your eyes dry, collect your tears. "Persuade them not to cry", when their eyes are dry, they will see bones, and the world is ruthless. "Even if you cry, the court won't tube you! This is another meal. Then, instead of accusing the court, I explained to the court: "Our army took Xiangzhou and hoped for its safety every day. It is hard to know whether the thief will leave. "Originally, the army wanted to recover Xiangzhou and put down the rebellion. I didn't expect the army to disperse, so I had to pull Ding. After another meal, the pen turned to comfort the middle-aged person who was drawn: "As long as the grain is near the old base area, the soldiers will still be in Beijing. If you can't dig trenches, the horse herding service is also light. The situation is Wang Shishun, and his upbringing is very clear. Don't cry when you see me off. Servants shoot like fathers and brothers. "
The frustration of this poem is not the author's deliberate affectation, but the development of things is like this. This development is due to the author's thoughts and feelings. Because the author sympathizes with men in China, there is a saying, "China men are absolutely short, why should they guard the city?" Therefore, I am dissatisfied with the court's decision and said that "heaven and earth will be ruthless." On the other hand, the author thinks that after Xiangzhou's defeat and Tang Jun's disintegration, they have to be prepared to resist the Anshi Rebellion and draw a clear line, so as to explain the situation and give comfort to the Chinese people and their families. This sympathy for the people, dissatisfaction with the feelings of the imperial court, and the idea of resisting the rebels to defend the dynasty are contradictory, and it is profound to express it through this narrative. This contradictory feeling is not spoken, but revealed through narration, which constitutes a depressed style.
This type of depression requires profound content and strong feelings. If the content is not profound, it will be shallow, and if the feelings are not intense, it will be gentle, which does not constitute a depressed style.
Qu Feng
Liu Huimeng said, "Du Fu's poems", who can be angry about asking questions and fighting for beards? "I was elbowed when I tried to stand up. I still asked about the bucket. These words, as well as voice, face and smile, seem to have been exhausted. Hao said to him, "This poem is fascinating with situational images. What can't be passed down by mouth turns to the pen, like a hollow valley, and every word stops. Living in the wild and staying with the Tian family leads to life without exception, which was called the history of poetry in the past. It's to impress Bama, but it may not be so kind. Under the thousand immortals, all readers will be absolutely defeated. (Quoted from Qiu's Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling's Collection, Volume 11, Being Beautiful and Strict by Drinking from Tianfu Mud)
An old friend, Chen Boting, read the poem "The Northern Expedition" and said, "A child is beautiful and funny, such as' a pink coat suddenly dissolves, and a wolf is full of eyebrows', although he does not forgive his wife and daughter." Yu Yun: "Everyone knows that. For example, the poem "Moonlight Night" says:' Clouds are fragrant and foggy, and jade shoulders are cold and there is a moon.' Then the hair and skin in the boudoir are thick and clean. Another cloud said, "When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying?" This is especially true for couples. "(same as above, Volume 4" Moonlit Poetry ")
1 elbow: Hold the arm and don't let go. Absolutely: Laugh. (3) Sapporo: curtains.
Du Fu's poems are good at describing and expressing, which is very interesting. Just like the poem "Northern Expedition", it is written about returning home after a long separation, saying that "a hut has many years, and a wife has many knots. Tears return to music, and sad spring is suffocating. All my life, I have been a darling, and my color is as white as snow. When I saw Ye crying behind me, my feet and socks were tired. The two little girls in front of the bed went over their knees after mending. The picture is torn off, the old embroidery is twisted (the picture of the old embroidery is torn off and sewn on the rag), and Tianwu (the water god) and Zifeng (the pattern on the old embroidery) are in turn short brown (coarse cloth and short clothes). The old lady felt sick and vomited for several days. There is no silk in the bag to protect you from chills. Makeup is also unpacked, and the quilt is slightly listed. The thin wife's face is radiant, and the stupid woman combs her hair like a comb and learns to look like her mother. Her make-up is casual, and she puts lead on every move, and her eyebrows are covered. Survival seems to forget the hunger for innocence. Ask questions, fight for beards, who can immediately drink in anger. I am worried about thieves and I am willing to suffer from chaos. " This passage describes the attitude of the family in detail, reflecting the poet's mood and the pain of separation. Cut out the purple phoenix embroidered on the splendid scenery and fill it in the children's rags, writing about the hardships of family life. It is incongruous and ridiculous to mend like that. When the poet opened the parcel and took out the clothes and cosmetics he brought back, the female writer learned to dress up as her mother, but she didn't, making the paint messy. He also wrote about the children's questions and the struggle of holding hands, the poet's love for the children, and how the children pestered him. These places are carefully written and interesting.
Du Fu's "Drunken by the Mud of Tianfu, Strict and Honest": "It is accidental and self-sufficient. How can you refuse your neighbor if you cherish human feelings for a long time? Yelling at chestnuts, I was elbowed when I remembered it. It's rude to be condescending, and I don't feel ugly in the countryside. When the moon rises, I will stay, but I still ask about the promotion. " The old farmer is very sincere and enthusiastic. He invited the poet to his home and stayed at home from morning till night. After a long visit, he became more and more affectionate, and the poet could not refuse. The old farmer called his family to add fruit chestnuts, and the poet wanted to get up and get caught. Writing about this behavior made him feel simpler and more gratified. Until the moon came out, he still kept the poet, clamoring to add more wine to his family. Here, the old farmer is vividly described, and his voice, face, thoughts and feelings are written out. These are all portraying characters through funny details.
As for humor, Lin Shu once said that there are humorous descriptions in Historical Records and Hanshu for reference. He said:
"Every article is funny, not specifically for funny words. Funny people see the innocence of words; Extremely serious, sometimes funny. But it is also full of knowledge and spirit, and it is more than enough in the realm of words, so it is possible to dabble in writing inadvertently.
"For example, according to historical records, when Queen Dou saw her brother Guangguo, she was very sad (Queen Dou saw her brother Guangguo after she was separated, so she cried) and suddenly cried,' The attendants (people waiting beside her) fell to the ground to help the queen mourn.' Can you help me? However, there seems to be no word to replace the word' help'. If Queen Dou sees it, think about the beauty of the word "help" and smile through tears. People who seek humor can focus on it from here. To get the truth.
"The narrative of Hanshu is a little more complicated than Shiji, but it is funny and natural. For example, Biography of Chen Wannian:' After ten thousand years of illness, call Zi (Chen) to teach him to be under the bed. Chatting until midnight, sleeping salty, touching the screen with your head. I was so angry that I wanted to kill him with a stick. He said: "I (your old man) taught you to warn you, but you slept instead of listening to me." Why? " Xian kowtowed and thanked him, saying, "If you know what to say, teach Xian to flatter your ears." At first glance, it seems that there has been the training of righteousness (just truth) for thousands of years, and salt is the son of disobedience (disobedience); Because of the word "flattery" under "teaching", I think people on my deathbed will be heartless and readers will be embarrassed. This cover is also an interesting word. "Biography of Wang Zun":' Respect:' Zhang Fu, an official of the yuan Academy, has the heart of a tiger and a wolf, and is corrupt (illegal). The wealth of a county goes into the auxiliary clan, but it is enough to be buried. Don't say "kill", but say "bury". The above-mentioned accessory crime of extreme violence (exposure) was beyond reproach (death penalty) by the Great Emperor, but he calmly said' enough to be buried with him'. Cool the sinner and revive others (smile). Is a person who can see humor in a cold eye, especially not easy to do. "(Lin Shu's" Chunjue Louzhi ")
It is pointed out here that humor is not only funny, but also makes people laugh. Write with solemn words and profound meanings. When Queen Dou met her long-lost brother Dou Guangguo, they both cried when they remembered the sad scene when they broke up. At this time, people waiting beside the Queen Dou began to cry. The word "help" is used in the writing of Historical Records, which is ridiculous, indicating that the crying of the people next to it is false, just to please the queen. The word "help" is not only ridiculous to fake crying, but also true at that time. At that time, it was a happy event for brother and sister to meet. I just recall the past when I cried with joy. Nothing sad will make others cry, so I can only "help" instead of being really sad. The second example is that Chen Wannian taught his son Chen Xian until midnight. My son dozed off and hit his head on the screen. The father was angry and wanted to hit his son. From here on, I teach as seriously as my father, but my son is sleepy, which is very inappropriate. Then through his son's mouth, it shows that his father just taught him to kiss up. This sentence "flattery" exposes the bottom of the lesson and makes people laugh. But it not only makes people laugh, but also shows the different personalities of father and son. A father is not ashamed to teach his son to kiss up. His son is an honest man and doesn't want to hear this. There is also a role in portraying characters here. The third example is about Zhang Fu's corruption. Wang Zun said that he brought all the local money to his home, which was enough to bury him. The word "burial" is interesting because it relates to the amount of money he is looking for, enough to bury him; At the same time, it contains the meaning of death penalty, which is very serious. A humorous style like this is a successful example, because it is still serious and not slick, and it is rich in meaning.