Yan Zhenqing (709-784, once called 709-785), minister, Tang Jingzhao (now Xi, Shaanxi Province), was born in Linyi, Tang (now Linyi, Shandong Province). China calligrapher of Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (AD 734), he was admitted to imperial academy. Imperial academy for four times, moved to the temple to serve imperial academy. Rejected by Yang, the powerful minister at that time, he was demoted to the plain (now Shandong) as a satrap. Known as Yan Pingyuan. During Su Zong's reign, Fengxiang granted the minister of constitutional affairs and moved to the imperial history. During the reign of Emperor Zong, the official went to the official department, the prince was a surname, and the Duke of Lu was named "Yan". In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), he was framed by Qilu, the prime minister, and sent to the Li Xilie Department of the Rebel Army for advice. Later he was killed by Li Juan. In the first year of Tang Daizong Dali (765), Yan Zhenqing was demoted for playing the role of Prime Minister Yuan Zai to block speech. In April of three years (768), Sima Jizhou changed to Fuzhou Secretariat. During his five years in Fuzhou, he was concerned about people's sufferings, agricultural production and public welfare. In view of the present situation that the right channel of Fuhe River is blocked, the port is flooded and the farmland is flooded, the people are led to build a long stone dam in the south of Biandanzhou, a small island in the center of Fuhe River, so as to alleviate the flood and irrigate the fields with water in dry season. In order to commemorate him, Fuzhou people named Shiba Inu as Qianjinpi, and built a temple to offer sacrifices at four o'clock. He is an honest official and tries his best to maintain normal social order. Yang Zhijian is a student in Fuzhou, whose family is poor, but she loves learning. His wife couldn't stand being poor and asked for a divorce. Yang wrote a poem to send his wife, which shows that he is determined to study and has to agree to divorce. Yang's wife gave this poem to Yan Zhenqing as evidence of divorce. After reading Yang's poems, Yan sympathized with Yang's experience, admired his spirit of studying hard, punished Yang's wife's behavior of being too poor and loving the rich, and gave him cloth and food to stay in the headquarters. To this end, Yan also published the book "Lady Seeking Justice". This judgment has played a good guiding role in the formation of Linchuan's good style of study and simple marriage customs. Yan Zhenqing is a descendant of Langya family with profound family background. Yan Zhitui, the sixth ancestor, was a famous scholar in the Northern Qi Dynasty. He once wrote family instructions for Yan. When Yan Zhenqing was young, his family was poor and lacked paper and pens, so he used a pen to brush loess water to practice calligraphy on the wall. Chu Suiliang was a beginner, and later learned Zhang Xu's brushwork. He also absorbed the characteristics of the four schools in the early Tang Dynasty and accepted the brushwork of Zhuanli and the Northern Wei Dynasty. He completed the vigorous and broad creation of colorful regular script, which set a model for regular script in Tang Dynasty. His regular script is contrary to the calligraphy style of the early Tang Dynasty, featuring brushwork. It is a typical example of perfect combination of calligraphy beauty and personality beauty. His calligraphy style is called "Yan Ti", which is also called "Yan Liu" with Liu Gongquan, and has the reputation of "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Ouyang Xiu once said: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal martyr and a moral gentleman. His aim is strictness and respect. People are scared at first sight, but the longer he is, the cuter he is. " There are many people who see treasure in the world, but they are not tired. "Zhu praised his book:" Point like a falling stone, painting like a cloud, hook like a bow, bow like a crossbow, depressed and ambitious. It has never been made public since it was dedicated. Yan Ti Shu has a far-reaching influence on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, many famous artists learned from the success of Yan Zhenqing's political reform. Especially cursive script, after the Tang Dynasty, some famous artists learned from Yan Zhenqing and established their own style on the basis of learning from the two kings. Su Shi Ceng Yun: "As for poetry, as for writing, as for retreating from Korea, as for painting, as for Wu Daozi, as for writing, as for Yan, the changes from ancient times to modern times can do everything in the world. "(Dongpo Inscription and Postscript) has the Tang Dynasty, especially after the Anshi Rebellion, Buddhism and Taoism prevailed. Yan Zhenqing used to be familiar with Buddhism and Taoism. Since Gan Yuan, his contact with monks and Taoists has increased significantly, and he is keen on religious activities. His poetry and calligraphy creation is also related to this. During his four years in Fuzhou, he was also keen on Taoist activities. When I first arrived in Linchuan, I wrote Ma Fubo Language by Taoist Tan Xianyan. In the first month of the fourth year of Dali (769), I paid tribute to Taoist Wang and Guo Erzhen in the Jin Dynasty. He sent people to Gaihua Mountain in Chongren County to trace it, rebuilt the Erzhen Monastery, and personally wrote the book "The Inscription of Wang Guozhen Monastery in Gai Hua". In March, he visited the remains of Wei Xiantan, a female Taoist priest, in Jingshan, Linchuan, and wrote the book Epitaph of Mrs. Wei Xiantan, praising the people for strengthening Guan Yu's cultivation. In the same month, I visited the ancient painting immortal altar in Jingshan, and wrote a book "Monument to Ancient Painting Immortal Altar", which described in detail the cultivation of immortals by Taoist Huang in this dynasty. In April, Monks Zhi Qing, Shi Yu and Taoist Tan Xianyan * * * repaired Fuzhou Xie Lingyun's prayer table, and Yan Zhenqing came to France to write a book "Baoying Temple's prayer table". In March of the sixth year of Dali (77 1), the Fazang Academy was established in Baoying Temple, Linchuan County, Fuzhou, and an altar was set up. Yan Zhenqing wrote an autograph, praising the origin of Dharma. In April, I visited the Taoist Temple of Fairy Capital in Magushan, Nancheng County, and wrote a book "Fairy Altar in Magushan, Nancheng County, Fuzhou City", which highly praised the strange Taoism of the immortal king and Magu. During his stay in Fuzhou, he used his spare time to compose poems, and in six years (77 1), he compiled them into Linchuan Collection 10. Unfortunately, the original collection has been lost, and now there are 1 poems, 1 judgments, and five inscriptions related to Linchuan, especially. The Book of World Records is divided into large, medium and small editions. At first, it was carved into a stone tablet with its fine print, which was erected in Magu Mountain Xiandu Taoist Temple. Later generations also carved the regular script of Mrs Wei, Zhu Suiliang, Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Xue Ji, Liu Gongquan and Li Yong on the back of the tablet. This word tablet has been praised as "the first regular script in the world" by calligraphers of past dynasties and has become a model for copying and learning. It has been destroyed several times and passed down from generation to generation with rubbings. 1992 Mr. Xu Yinong, a famous seal engraver in Jiangxi and vice chairman of the Provincial Calligraphy Association, carved the seal into big characters and re-established it in Cheng Nan Magu Mountain. He is the author of Wu Jixing, Luzhou Collection and Linchuan Collection. Yan Zhenqing wrote many monuments in his life, and the ones that have been passed down to this day are: Duobaota Monument, which is dignified and dense in structure, beautiful and charming; "Dong Fangshuo Painting a Monument" has a strong Qingyuan style, and the inscription of "Golden King Temple" is majestic and vigorous; Zang Huaike Monument is magnificent; "Guo Bei" is beautiful and smooth; Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji is vigorous and solemn, with exquisite structure and full of charm. "Da Tang Fu", carved on a cliff, is the largest regular script in Yan Zhenqing, and its calligraphy is square and smooth, showing no bones and muscles. Song Dynasty Monument, also known as Song Guangping Monument, is open and flourishing. "Eight official pavilions report good deeds" to strictly control the weather; "Fate to the North" is vigorous and profound; The book of manna seeds focuses on harmony; Li Bei's calligraphy is vigorous, but the strokes are fine, which is different from other tablets. "Yan Ci Bei" is rich in calligraphy, and it is also his masterpiece in his later years. Handed down from ancient times, there is a staff, a manuscript for offering sacrifices to my nephew, and a staff made by Liu Zhong, who made a confession from the book.
[Edit this paragraph] Political career
During the kaiyuan period (7 13-74 1), he was promoted to a scholar, was appointed as the censor for four times, and moved to the temple to serve the censor. Rejected by Yang, the powerful minister at that time, he was demoted to the plain (now Shandong) as a satrap. Known as Yan Pingyuan. During Su Zong's reign, Fengxiang granted the minister of constitutional affairs and moved to the imperial history. During the reign of Emperor Zong, the official department was the minister and the prince was the teacher. He was named Duke Lu, and people called him Duke. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong led an Anshi Rebellion. He contacted his brother Yan Gaoqing to arise and resist, and seventeen counties nearby were promoted to champions accordingly, with 200,000 troops, which made An Lushan afraid to rush to attack Tongguan. In the first year of Dezong Xingyuan (784), Li Xilie rebelled in Huaixi, and the traitor Qilu took the opportunity to borrow Li Xilie's hand to kill him, and sent someone to persuade him to be hanged by Li Xilie. Hearing that Yan Zhenqing was killed, the soldiers of the three armed forces burst into tears. Six months later, the rebel general Li Xilie was killed by one of his own, and the rebellion was put down. Yan Zhenqing's coffin was escorted back to Beijing and buried in the Yanshi Ancestral Hall in Jingzhao for ten thousand years. Dezong painfully wrote a letter, abolishing the eighth day of North Korea, and the whole country mourned. De Zongqin issued an imperial edict, remembering Yan Zhenqing's life as "superior to Kuang Guo, loyal to the body, endowed with organic talents, outstanding public loyalty, loyal to the four dynasties, tired of being held hostage, tireless in death, observing its heyday and remaining in reality". He is honest, clean and honest, has a sense of justice, never condescends to the powerful, condescends to flatter, and is famous for his benevolence and righteousness.
[Edit this paragraph] Artistic life
Yan Zhenqing is a descendant of Langya family with profound family background. Yan Zhitui, the sixth ancestor, was a famous scholar in the Northern Qi Dynasty. He once wrote family instructions for Yan. When Yan Zhenqing was young, his family was poor and lacked paper and pens, so he used a pen to brush loess water to practice calligraphy on the wall. Chu Suiliang was a beginner, and later learned Zhang Xu's brushwork. He also absorbed the characteristics of the four schools in the early Tang Dynasty and accepted the brushwork of Zhuanli and the Northern Wei Dynasty. He completed the vigorous and broad creation of colorful regular script, which set a model for regular script in Tang Dynasty. His regular script is contrary to the calligraphy style of the early Tang Dynasty, featuring brushwork. It is a typical example of perfect combination of calligraphy beauty and personality beauty. His calligraphy style is called "Yan Ti", which is also called "Yan Liu" with Liu Gongquan, and has the reputation of "Yan Liu Jin Gu". Ouyang Xiu once said: "Yan Gongshu is like a loyal martyr and a moral gentleman. His aim is strictness and respect. People are scared at first sight, but the longer he is, the cuter he is. " There are many people who see treasure in the world, but they are not tired. "Zhu praised his book:" Point like a falling stone, painting like a cloud, hook like a bow, bow like a crossbow, depressed and ambitious. It has never been made public since it was dedicated. Yan Ti Shu has a far-reaching influence on the development of calligraphy art in later generations. After the Tang Dynasty, many famous artists learned from the success of Yan Zhenqing's political reform. Especially cursive script, after the Tang Dynasty, some famous artists learned from Yan Zhenqing and established their own style on the basis of learning from the two kings. Su Shi Ceng Yun: "As for poetry, as for writing, as for Han's retreat, as for painting, as for Wu Daozi, as for books, as for Yan, the changes of ancient and modern times can do everything in the world." He wrote Wu Jixing, Lu Zhouji and Linchuan Ji. Yan Zhenqing wrote many monuments in his life, and the ones that have been passed down to this day are: Duobaota Monument, which is dignified and dense in structure, beautiful and charming; "Dong Fangshuo Painting a Monument" has a strong Qingyuan style, and "The Inscription of the Golden King" is even more dignified and vigorous; Zang Huaike Monument is magnificent; "Guo Bei" is beautiful and smooth; Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji is vigorous and solemn, with exquisite structure and full of charm. "Da Tang Fu", carved on a cliff, is the largest regular script in Yan Zhenqing, and its calligraphy is square and smooth, showing no bones and muscles. Song Dynasty Monument, also known as Song Guangping Monument, is open and flourishing. "Eight official pavilions report good deeds" to strictly control the weather; The Far North is vigorous and far-reaching; The book of manna seeds focuses on harmony; Li Bei's calligraphy is vigorous, but the strokes are fine, which is different from other tablets. "Yan Ci Bei" is rich in calligraphy, and it is also his masterpiece in his later years. Handed down from ancient times, there is a staff, a manuscript for offering sacrifices to my nephew, and a staff made by Liu Zhong, who made a confession from the book.
[Edit this paragraph] Learn from Zhang Xu.
Yan Zhenqing was a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. In order to learn calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing first learned from Chu Suiliang, and then worshipped Zhang Xu as his teacher. Zhang Xu was a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty. He could write all kinds of fonts, especially cursive script. Yan Zhenqing hopes that under the guidance of this famous teacher, he will soon learn the tricks of writing and become famous at one fell swoop. However, Zhang Xu did not reveal any secrets of calligraphy after learning from a teacher. He just introduced some famous copybooks to Yan Zhenqing, and simply pointed out the characteristics of copybooks for Yan Zhenqing to copy. Sometimes, he takes Yan Zhenqing to climb mountains, go swimming, go to the market and go to the theatre. Let Yan Zhenqing practice calligraphy when he gets home, or watch him write calligraphy. A few months passed in an instant, and Yan Zhenqing was so anxious that he couldn't come up with the secret of the teacher's calligraphy that he decided to ask the teacher directly. One day, Yan Zhenqing stood up and said with a red face, "The students have something to ask. Please ask the teacher to teach them the secret of calligraphy." Zhang Xu replied: "To learn calligraphy, one must' learn engineering', that is, study hard and practice hard; Second, we should "comprehend", that is, accept the inspiration of all natural phenomena. Didn't I tell you many times? " Hearing this, Yan Zhenqing thought the teacher didn't want to teach secrets, and stepped forward. On him, he pleaded: "I know everything the teacher said, such as' engineering' and' understanding'." What I need most now is the secret recipe of the teacher's stunt, so please teach me. " Zhang Xu still patiently enlightened Yan Zhenqing: "I saw the princess arguing with the porter and examining the brushwork. When I saw Gong Sundaniang dancing sword, I got the charm of writing. Apart from hard training, I have observed nature and nothing else. " Then, he told Yan Zhenqing the story of Wang Xianzhi, the son of Wang Xizhi, a book sage in Jin Dynasty, practicing calligraphy. Finally, he said seriously, "If there is any secret to learning calligraphy, it is to study hard and practice hard. Remember, people who don't work hard won't achieve anything. " Yan Zhenqing was greatly inspired by his teacher's teaching, and he really understood the learning methods. From then on, he studied hard, studied hard, learned the charm of calligraphy from life, made rapid progress, and finally became a great calligrapher, ranking first among the four calligraphers.
[Edit this paragraph] Main works
1, Dong Fangshuo people like it.
There are two regular script works in The Portrait of Dong Fangshuo, one is Wang Xizhi's small script, and the other is Yan Zhenqing's big script. This inscription, inscribed "Dr. Han Taizhong, Mr. Dongfang, painted a preface to praise", was erected in Dezhou in the 13th year of Tang Tianbao, when Yan Zhenqing was 46 years old. Su Dongpo once studied this monument and wrote: "Yan Lugong wrote a monument in his life, but this monument is Qingxiong." This sentence is very clear, and then I saw Wang Youjun's book. I know the words are very close to this book. Although the size is different, the charm is still good. "There is a cloud in the Ming Dynasty:" Calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, and it is Lu Gong's proud pen. "2. Manuscripts for offering sacrifices to nephews
During the cursive Anshi Rebellion, Lv Gong's cousin Yan Gaoqing was appointed as the prefect of Changshan County. Thieves and soldiers advanced on him, so that Taiyuan saved our army, and Yan Gaoqing and his son were killed. Therefore, the article says that "thieves and ministers cannot be saved, the isolated city is besieged, the father is trapped and the child dies, and the nest collapses." Later, Duke Zhuang of Lu sent his nephew Quan Ming to clean up the mess. He only got one foot and Ji Ming's skull, so he did it. Duke Lu is fifty years old. Calligraphy works are words, and people say there are words. Duke Lu is a loyal and heroic man, and his life is awe-inspiring. His spiritual integrity is embodied in calligraphy. This manuscript is the most enjoyed by book reviewers. This post was originally a manuscript, but it was deleted and smeared. It can be seen that Duke Lu conceived the article and his feelings fluctuated from beginning to end, so it was written with high spirits, magnificent brushwork and natural charm. All the places where the pen is used up and the belt is pulled can be seen clearly. From beginning to end, I used a slightly bald pen, a round and healthy brushwork, and finally surrendered because the ink was not dry. Although the ink color changed greatly because of the initial pause, the black ash was thick and dry, but it was done at one go. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Jingyan wrote an inscription: "It is better to speak than to write a letter, and it is better to write a letter. The cover is an official work, although the end of the letter is a rope contract; Letters are quite indulgent when they are on a whim; Moreover, the drafting was unintentional, and it was his palm that was forgotten. It's great to see it here. " Yuan Xianyu's evaluation of this post is "the second running script in the world".
3. Duobaota Monument
The full name is "Multi-tower Induction Monument of Qianfu Temple in Xijing, Datang", which was built on April 20th, the 11th year of Tianbao (752). Cenxun wrote it, Yan Zhenqing Shudan and Xu Hao wrote it, and Shihua engraved it. It is now in the forest of steles in Xi 'an. The inscription tells that longxing temple in Xijing and Monk Chu read The Goblet of Fire on a quiet night today, as if many stupas appeared from time to time. He is determined to turn the stupa in illusion into reality. In the first year of Tianbao, Qianfu Temple was built, which took four years to complete. In Qianfu Temple, it is of special significance in the history of Buddhism to write the golden eye of fire and the precepts of bodhisattva for the emperor and ordinary people every year. This tablet is a famous work in Yan Zhenqing's early years, and its writing is respectful and sincere, which directly reflects the legacy of the kings of Europe, Henan and Chu, but it has obvious similarities with the writing of the Tang Dynasty, indicating that Yan Zhenqing paid great attention to absorbing nutrition from the folk calligraphy art while learning from the previous calligraphers. The whole article is well-structured, with Wu Si fence between the lines. The stippling is round, dignified and beautiful, as static as moving, and fascinating. He inherited traditional works. Postscript of calligraphy and painting: "This is the most flat and stable book of Lu Gong, and it is also full of charm and vulgar. It is the originator of modern historians. "
4, Ma Gu Xian Tan Ji
The full name is "The Story of the Fairy Altar in Magushan, Nancheng County, Fuzhou in Tang Dynasty", in regular script. Yan Zhenqing writes, writes and writes books. In addition to his achievements in calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing also studied paleontological fossils. In the sixth year of Tang Daizong Dali (AD 77 1), Yan Zhenqing was appointed as the secretariat of Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province. At this time, his official career was frustrated, so he sometimes asked Zen. In April of that year, Yan Zhenqing visited Magu Mountain, Nancheng County. Near an ancient altar, he saw some fossils of snail shells sandwiched in the stratum. He studied this phenomenon carefully and put forward his argument: here used to be an ocean, but later it became land, and those fossils are evidence. To this end, he wrote a paper "Fairy altar of Magu Mountain in Cheng Nan, Fuzhou", which described Magu's enlightenment and recorded it with stones. Not only remembering things, but also reflecting the mood at this time. This monument is magnificent and has always been valued by people. It is one of the representative works of Yan Ti, and it is the work of Yan Zhenqing in his sixties. At this time, Yan Zhenqing's regular script style has been improved. Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records said: "This monument is steep and tight, especially fine, with fine strokes." Later generations often only admire Gong Yan's calligraphy, calling it "the second book in the world".
5. Yan monument
The full name of the stone carving in the Tang Dynasty is "the tombstone of Emperor Taizong's secretary, which was written by his great-grandfather Yan at the age of 7 1". The ancients called the tomb a way to clear the way and built stone pillars as the standard, which was called Shinto, that is, the tombstone. The content of the inscription traces back to the achievements of the ancestors of the Yan family and describes the achievements of future generations in the Tang Dynasty. All his books are silent except The Record of Jigu and The Record of the Stone. "Yan Bei" is engraved on all sides, with male 19 lines and female 20 lines, each with 38 words. There are 5 lines and 37 words on the side of the tablet, accounting for 1667 words. The inscription on the left has been worn out in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there is no date for setting up the monument. Ouyang Xiu's Postscript of June 1st in the Northern Song Dynasty was written in the 14th year of Li Yu's Tang Daizong Dali (779). Shijiu is located between An, Song and Shaanxi, and its whereabouts are unknown. 1992 10 was unearthed behind the old fanku hall in an (now an social road), which made this masterpiece of "Yan Ti" that has been sleeping underground for more than 0/000 years come to light again. It is now hidden in the forest of steles in Shaanxi Provincial Museum and has been designated as a national key protected cultural relic. 6. The full name of the ode to Zhongxing is Ode to Zhongxing in Datang, which was written in 77 1 year. Jie Yuan wrote, Yan Zhenqing wrote on the cliff, sixty-three years old. Carved on Wuxi Cliff in Qiyang County, Hunan Province, with a diameter of nearly14cm, it is a rare cliff word in Yan Shu. Yuan Jie was a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty. After he was dismissed from office, he lived in Wuxi, where rocks piled up and stone walls were rugged. Ode to Zhongxing is carved on one of the largest stone walls. This article recorded the Lushan Mountain Rebellion and praised Tang Zhongxing. At this moment, the stone book stands upright and majestic, and the stone is hard. It has been preserved intact for thousands of years. "Lu" praised this cliff stone carving as "the calligraphy is particularly wonderful and the language is quaint" and "Postscript of Guang Chuan Shu" commented: "Grandmaster praised your title, which was precious in the past."
7. Yan Jia Temple Monument
Yan Zhenqing wrote an article and a book with the full name "Inscription and Preface to the Temple of Prince Shao Baoyan when Dr. Tang Gu visited Guo to give the minister a drink". In July of the first year of Tang Jianzhong (780), a monument was erected in Xi 'an, Shaanxi. Zhao Minghan's "Graphite Seal Carving China" says: "This book is written in the same way as Ode to the East, which is vigorous and straightforward, with a faint pen." Wang Shizhen said: "I tried to comment on Yan's" Monument to the Family Temple "and thought that there was a jade prism in the modern nation. Elegant and dignified, Zhuang Mi is quite beautiful. A real calligrapher is a treasure. "
8. Fight for seats
Also known as "On Seats" and "Shooting with Guo Servants", it is a cursive script. It is a letter manuscript of Yan Zhenqing and Guo Yingzhi in the second year of Tang Guangde (764). In the Song Dynasty, it was once owned by a stone man in Chang 'an, who regarded it as a stone. This stone is now in the forest of steles in Xi, Shaanxi, and the ink has not been handed down. Su Shi once saw the original work in Anyi and praised it: "This is even stranger than publishing other books. Trustworthy, self-written, and gesture. " This post is Yan Zhenqing's fine cursive script. Throughout the calligraphy, the characters are consistent, and the tiger is powerful. This manuscript was written by Yan Zhenqing because he was dissatisfied with the arrogance of power traitors. Therefore, he is full of momentum, strong and open-minded, and there is a sense of loyalty between the lines, which shows Yan Zhenqing's upright and honest character. It has been more than a thousand years, and it is awe-inspiring to read. This post was originally a draft, and the author meditated between words, regardless of pen and ink, but it became a masterpiece in the history of calligraphy. Later generations called this post and Preface to Lanting as "two treasures".
9. Self-written posts
Regular script, written in 780 (the first year of Jianzhong), was awarded to Prince Shao Shi by Yan Zhenqing in 2006, and he wrote a book "Confessions". Calligraphy is vigorous and rigorous, and the fine print of the title is meticulous and light. Zhan Jingfeng called this book: "Calligraphy Gu Zhuo is vigorous, vigorous and natural." It's just like northerners use horses and southerners use boats. Although it is a sum, it is rich in time, three times. "Dong Qichang said," There are very few people who are curious and unrestrained in this volume. "Between the lines of this post, we can learn about the subtle changes in Yan's font and structure, which is a rare example for future generations to learn regular script.
10, begging for a meal post
Begging for rice was written in 765 AD, which coincided with the drought in Guanzhong, the flood in the south of the Yangtze River and the agricultural failure. As a result, Yan Zhenqing "ate porridge for several months, and now he is exhausted", so he had to appeal to his colleague Li Taibao to "help more with less rice". When it comes to the reasons for embarrassment, he is also outspoken, because he is "not good at making trouble", that is, there is no other way to make money except salary. Huang Shang, a famous artist, said, "I know that Lu Gong is not ashamed of being poor and humble, so I can keep the road, even if I am in trouble." . Honesty is based on sincerity, just like its font. "("Xishan Collection ") Mi Fei also commented that" the most ridiculous thing is that this book misses my loyalty and indignation, my frustration, my intention is not in words, and my naivety. Indeed, Begging for a Meal is not only a priceless treasure in calligraphy art, but also a spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation. Studying Begging for a Meal can make us appreciate it all the more, not only to appreciate the true meaning of Yan's calligraphy art, but also to be influenced by its high morality and integrity.
1 1, General Pei Memorial
It is 64 cm long, 33 cm wide and 12 cm thick. Righteousness, line, seal and official title are all the first examples of broken calligraphy. The first line is engraved with the words "General Pei" and the name of Yan Zhenqing is engraved at the end; There is a five-character poem "Poem of General Pei" in the middle, engraved with magnificent and dangerous words. The whole poem is 18 sentences and 90 words. The full text of the poem is: "The great monarch is a six-in-one, and the fierce generals are all clear. If the war horse is a dragon and tiger, how magnificent Tengling is! The general faced the Great Northern Wilderness and was brilliant. Sword dance jumps and swims, following the wind. Climbing the Tianshan Mountains, Cui Wei is covered with snow. Entering the array to break the arrogance, the sound is megatron and thunderous. Shoot a hundred horses, and then shoot ten thousand people. The Huns didn't dare to fight the enemy, so they fought back. If the report is successful, you can draw Lin Tai. " The words of the poem are full of vigor and vitality, and the words are well-written. After reading it, people admire Yan Zhenqing's eulogy of Pei Min's lightning surge, and it seems that he also admires the leap-forward trend of Jie. After reading this bold and majestic lettering, people have a feeling of bravery and heroism. Thirdly, the composition is rigorous and the font structure is strange. No line, 2345, changeable; Sword dancing, one shot dead, afraid to return. The brushwork is coherent and seamless, which is amazing. No wonder Su Shi praised Yan Zi in Song Dynasty and said, "Poetry ends in Du Zimei. The book ends with Yan. " This is indeed a very accurate evaluation. Until today, its artistic life, in the garden of calligraphy art, still shines brightly.
12, exhortation poem
"Persuade to Learn" (Tang) Yan Zhenqing lights up in the middle of the night, which is the time for boys to study. Teenagers only know how to play, but don't know how to study hard. When they are old, they regret why they didn't know how to study hard when they were young. Note: Wugeng Chicken: At dawn, chickens crow. Black hair: youth, refers to teenagers. Bai Shou: When people are old, they mean the elderly. Hard-working people and hard-working students are still working and studying at midnight, and the lights are still on at midnight. After turning off the lights and lying down for a short rest, the chickens crow at five o'clock, and these hardworking people have to get up and be busy again. This poem tells us that if you don't study hard when you are young, you will study at night when you are old. Commentary: Every midnight is the best time for boys to study. When I was a teenager, I only knew how to play and didn't know how to study hard. When I was old, I regretted why I didn't know how to study hard when I was young. In addition, the Suo Jing Monument has been handed down from generation to generation.
[Edit this paragraph] Yan Zhenqing: The career of a calligraphy master.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy has been praised for generations. In fact, his efforts in his political career were also praised. However, being an official in the DPRK is bound to become the target of public criticism, and Yan Zhenqing is doomed after all. Prime Minister Qilu was victimized by treacherous court official Li Xilie. Stick to the plain and lead the army to defeat Yan Zhenqing, An Lushan and Qing officials, whose ancestral home is Linyi, Shandong. He lost his father at the age of three and was brought up by his mother. He served as Xuanzong, Suzong, Daizong and Dezong all his life. At the age of 26, he was admitted to the Jinshi examination, and he also took a subject (an examination subject temporarily set up by the court for professionals to escape), and he successfully embarked on his official career. In 750 AD, Yan Zhenqing was transferred from supervising the censor to assisting the censor in nave, and worked in the Chayuan, one of the lower three hospitals of the censorate. During this period, Shi Jiwen, the censor, framed Cheng Songhun (the son of Song Jing, the prime minister) for personal grievances, and Yan Zhenqing put it away: "Why do you want to be angry for a while and harm Song Jing?" Prime Minister Yang and his henchmen regarded him as an alien. In 753 AD (the 12th year of Tianbao), he was transferred from Beijing and reduced to the Prefecture of Plain. Pingyuan County is under the jurisdiction of Anshi Rebellion. When the Anshi Rebellion first appeared, Yan Zhenqing secretly built a city wall, dug trenches by the wall, recruited able-bodied men, and reserved food and grass to take precautions. On the surface, he created the illusion of boating and drinking with his guests every day, and he was at peace with the world. In 755 AD (Tianbao 14th year), the Anshi Rebellion led to the loss of all 24 counties in Hebei except the plain city. In the struggle against the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing expanded the original 3,000 troops to 10,000, and selected a commander-in-chief and a good soldier to join his cousin Yan Gaoqing, the prefect of Changshan (now Zhengding, Hebei), to fight against the Anshi Rebellion together. Yan Zhenqing was promoted to commander-in-chief of the allied forces and swept across Zhao Yan with 200,000 troops. In 756 AD (the 15th year of Tianbao), he assisted Li Guangbi in the crusade against the rebels. In 756 AD, the son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Hengli, succeeded to the throne and became Su Zong. Yan Zhenqing once again became Hebei's recruiting ambassador. An Lushan took advantage of Su Zong's transfer of troops from Hebei to attack Hebei and surrounded the troops. In October, Yan Zhenqing was forced to abandon the county. In 757 AD, he met the emperor and was appointed Minister of Constitution (Ministry of Punishment). Later, he was promoted to be an ancient scholar. Qilu, the prime minister who killed people with a knife, made the deadly plot go through the Anshi rebellion, and the Tang Dynasty declined, resulting in a separatist situation. After the death of Daizong, his son Shi Li succeeded to Dezong, but the real power was in the hands of Prime Minister Qilu. Qilu has always been jealous of Yan Zhenqing's talent and frankness. In 782 AD, Tang Dezong tried to change the monopoly of the buffer region, but it triggered a rebellion in the buffer region. Among them, Li Xilie, when we were in Huaixi, was the strongest. He claimed to be a world marshal, attacked the imperial court and shocked the ruling and opposition parties. Prime Minister Qilu wanted to take the opportunity to eradicate Yan Zhenqing. After consulting with him, Tang Dezong said, "Never mind. As long as a respected minister is sent to persuade them, the rebellion can be quelled without moving a knife and a shot. " Qilu recommended Yan Zhenqing, an old prince. At that time, Yan Zhenqing was an old man in his seventies. Hearing that the imperial court had sent him to Yijun Town to surrender, all officials were worried about his safety. But Yan Zhenqing didn't care, so he took a few followers and went to Huaixi. Li Mian, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty, thought that the court would lose an elder, so he secretly made a petition to let him stay and sent someone to meet him on the road, but he didn't catch up. The mighty and unyielding will hear that Yan Zhenqing is coming, hate Li Xilie, and give him a duel. At the meeting, his Ministry and his adopted son were invited to gather 1000 people inside and outside the hall. As soon as Yan Zhenqing began to persuade Li Xilie to stop the rebellion, the ministers and adopted sons rushed up, each with a bright knife in his hand, and surrounded Yan Zhenqing, abusing and threatening. But Yan Zhenqing deadpan, scoffed at them. Li Xilie then ordered people to step down. Then, send Yan Zhenqing to the posthouse in an attempt to soften him slowly. The leaders of Yijun Town sent messengers to contact Li Xilie to persuade Li Xilie to be the emperor. Li Xilie hosted a banquet for them and invited Yan Zhenqing to attend. When the messengers sent by Yijun Town saw Yan Zhenqing coming, they all congratulated Li Xilie and said, "I have long heard that Master Yan is highly respected, and now the Marshal is going to be emperor. It just happened that the Master came. Isn't there a ready-made prime minister?" Yan Zhenqing raised his eyebrows and rebuked the traitor: "What prime minister is not the prime minister! I'm almost eighty years old, and I'm not afraid to kill or chop. Will I be tempted by you and afraid of your threat? " Li Xilie can't do anything about him, so he has to lock up Yan Zhenqing and send soldiers to guard him. The soldiers dug a ten-foot-square hole in the yard and threatened to bury Yan Zhenqing alive. The next day, Li Xilie came to see him, and Yan Zhenqing said to Li Xilie, "My life and death have been decided. Why do you still play these tricks?" . Wouldn't it be great if you cut me with a knife! "A year later, Li Xilie claimed to be the Emperor Chu, and sent the Ministry to force Yan Zhenqing to surrender. Soldiers piled firewood in Yan Zhenqing's forbidden yard and poured enough oil, threatening Yan Zhenqing: "If you don't surrender, you will be burned in the fire! Without further ado, Yan Zhenqing jumped into the fire, and the rebels stopped him and reported to Li Xilie. On August 23rd, 785, Li Xilie tried his best, but failed to make Yan Zhenqing yield, so he sent someone to kill him at the age of 77.