Spring outing in Qiantang Lake
Bai Juyi
From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.
Several early warblers competed for warm trees, and their new swallows pecked at new soil.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.
I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Bai Juyi was appointed as the history of Hangzhou in July of the second year of Changqing (AD 822), and became the history of Suzhou in March of Bao Liyuan (AD 825). Therefore, this "Qiantang Spring Tour" should be written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing. Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake.
In the history of China, many famous people have been studying history in Hangzhou, a paradise. But the most famous are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, two great writers in the Tang and Song Dynasties. They not only left their achievements in Hangzhou, but also circulated many poems describing the beauty of Hangzhou and its West Lake, so some people called them "romantic satrap". Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour in Qiantang" is a well-known one. This poem not only depicts the charming spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of everything bathed in the spring scenery, but also shows the poet's own state of mind intoxicated by this beautiful scenery, which makes people unconsciously attracted by the author's love for spring and spring while enjoying the intoxicating scenery of the West Lake.
"Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the vision. The lonely mountain is located between the back lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, with overlapping peaks and emerald green hills, and there is a lonely mountain temple on it, which is beautiful to climb and see. Jia Ting, also known as Jia Gongting, was published in Tang Yulin for six years. During the Zhenyuan period, when Jia Quan was appointed as a historian in Hangzhou, he built a pavilion in the West Lake. The clothes rack is called Jiagongting, which will not be abandoned after 50 or 60 years. Zhenyuan is the national title of Tang Dezong, from 780 to 805. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, his pavilion was still there and it was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. At first, Bai Juyi came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west of Jiagongting. Looking around, I saw spring water rippling, clouds hanging low, lakes and mountains. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Due to the continuous spring rain, today's lake looks much higher than in winter, and seems to be at the same level as the line of sight. This feeling that the water surface is flush with the line of sight is only possible for people facing the vast water surface, and it is also a feeling that can be written by people who have a deep understanding and love for the West Lake. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. When the poet was silently watching the virgin charm of the West Lake, the crisp birdsong came from his ear, which broke his meditation, so he withdrew his eyes from the intersection of water and clouds and found that he was actually in a beautiful world full of spring.
"A few early warblers compete for warm trees, and young Ru Yan pecks at new mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, but weeds don't have horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is also the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai's poems describing spring scenery, especially the spring scenery of the West Lake. A few places, that is, a few places, or even many places. Using "early" to describe orioles shows Bai Juyi's sincere love for these little life full of vitality: orioles in the trees are busy grabbing the "warm tree" that first sees the sun in the morning, for fear that they will not catch up soon. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. I don't know whose swallow is under the eaves. At this time, it is also busy making a nest with mud, and uses a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallow, which seems to bring life to the swallow. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring. Huang oriole is recognized as a spring singer. Listening to their euphemistic voices makes people feel the charm of spring. Swallows are migratory birds. They returned to their hometown with spring, busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly around building nests makes people feel the beauty of life even more.
After anthropomorphic description of the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. "Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes." This is also an emotional and energetic description of the scenery, which fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the object of description and accurate grasp of its characteristics. As far as flowers are concerned, they are chaotic and even confuse the eyes of flower watchers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, and this unique feeling is just Bai Juyi's personal experience when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are blooming all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, Bai Juyi has no idea where to look and how to tell the difference between them. The phrase "flowers are getting more and more charming" means to stop and look closely, while "shallow grass can't have horseshoes" is already an outing on horseback. It is a pleasant thing to travel freely with two or three friends by the West Lake, where the grass grows and the flowers bloom. The horse seems to be aware of the relaxed and carefree interest of its owner on its back. Slowly, the poet inadvertently caught a glimpse of the scene of horseshoe ups and downs on the grass, which was particularly interesting. He couldn't help writing it into his own poem. Unexpectedly, it was a random stroke, but it added a lot of lively interest and elegant leisure to the whole poem. Belinsky, a famous aesthete, once said: "In any case, beauty emanates from the depths of the soul, because natural scenery cannot be absolutely beautiful, and this beauty is hidden in the souls of those who create or observe them." Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang just illustrates this aesthetic of truth. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory places, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also good at discovering and experiencing. Nowadays, we often feel that it is better to visit the scenery than to listen to it, or to listen to friends' introductions, or in film and television scenery films. When we hear and see beautiful scenery, we can't help but feel infinite yearning. However, once we get there, we often feel that it is far from what we imagined. This is because we can't look at the natural landscape with the eyes of discovery and appreciation, but we should travel with preconceived, excessive and even some critical eyes. Imagine how many wonderful spring scenery the West Lake has shown people through the ages. How many people have witnessed the spring scenery of Xizi Lake? But in the end, I can only recite a few works by several great poets. Isn't it only when the great writer Su Like Dongpo comes that the West Lake will proudly show her amazing beauty? Birds in the West Lake will not "warm trees" and "peck at spring mud" until they meet the great poet Bai Juyi. In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake is the most beautiful. Don't we also know the famous saying: "The West Lake is better than the West Lake, and thick makeup is always appropriate."
Bai Juyi has such a rare aesthete's appreciation eye that he can find its moving place among countless tourists in the West Lake and truly enjoy this paradise on earth given by nature. Bai Juyi didn't see many "early warblers" and "new swallows", only "a few places" and only "whose home". If so, we may feel sorry that we didn't smell the sound of warblers everywhere and that every family smelled of swallows. We wish we had come ten and a half days late. However, Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are few advantages. It is because of scarcity that "early warbler" and "new swallow" feel the joy of spring. If the poet doesn't have a young heart and a heart that loves life and spring, I'm afraid he won't be moved and intoxicated by these spring herald newspapers, but will happily write this touching poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the flowers and plants, see the beautiful scenery of the fragrant grass, be fascinated by the wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh for the grass that has not crossed the horseshoe. When you think about it, the grass without horseshoes is actually the most common. There is no need to rush to Xizi Lake to see this lawn in spring, but it can be found in our street green space. However, I am afraid that there is a striking sign between us and the lawn: "Please don't trample on the lawn". Therefore, the closeness between everything and nature has become a serious warning in an instant. Nowadays, people in cities are indifferent to natural landscapes rather than artificial ones.
However, Bai Juyi is lucky, because he has a pair of eyes to discover beauty and spring, so he can't help but even linger on the beautiful scenery of the West Lake: "I love the lack of lake in the east and the white sand embankment in the shade of Qingyang." Baisha dike, that is, Bai Causeway, is also called sand dike or broken bridge dike. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Bai Causeway runs through it. On the east side of the lake, it commands the victory of the whole lake. When Bai Juyi was a historian in Hangzhou, he did build dikes to store water and irrigate people's fields. However, his levee is north of Qiantangmen, but later generations mistook Bai Causeway for a levee built for nothing.
This poem is like a short and pithy travelogue, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending in Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, in the paradise-like beauty, I sang and danced to my heart's content, intoxicated by the flowers and birds. Finally, I walked back step by step along the white sand embankment and under the Liu Yin, and reluctantly left. My ears are still echoing the hymn of spring played by everything, and I can't help but shed a beautiful poem "Qiantang Spring Tour" full of natural integration.