Metric poetry is very strict about temperament. Rhythm includes rhyme and level tone, in which level tone is the most important. As Mao Zedong said in his letter to Comrade Chen Yi, "Because of metrical poems, we should emphasize flat and even poems, which are either flat or irregular."
The quatrains in metrical poems are divided into metrical quatrains and archaic quatrains. Law came into being after the rise of metrical poems, and ancient laws came before metrical poems. There are four kinds of metrical patterns of seven-character quatrains, and this poem "Ode to Coal" is based on the flat and even style of seven-character quatrains.
Flat type:
Ping (ping) ping, ping (ping) ping.
(Ping) Ping, (Ping) Ping.
note:
Generally speaking, the words in brackets can be flat, even and even. With the theme of "praising coal", this poem personifies, ideologically and behaviouralizes coal, a precious fuel of human beings. On the one hand, it vividly expresses the ideological ambition, dedication, selfless character and lofty spiritual realm of loving the people. On the other hand, deepen the theme image and advocate the values and behavior orientation of life. In just 28 words, the artistic conception is lofty, and it has become a touching poem with simple language, short words and profound meaning, which is praised by the people without hesitation.
The first sentence: "Hundreds of millions of years of practice have become black gold." Scientifically speaking, coal (Wujin) is formed by a series of long and complicated physical and chemical changes of plants in Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and this cultivation is difficult and time-consuming. This paper describes the history and origin of anthropomorphic objects described in the works from the literary point of view. At the same time, it shows that coal is "golden" and the cultivation process is difficult. It takes hundreds of millions of years to cultivate successfully, which paves the way for the development of the whole poem and has a good artistic effect of "enlightenment" In particular, comparing coal to Wujin is really ingenious, which improves the foundation of artistic appeal for the strong contrast between "cherishing your body" and "dedicating yourself" of this "golden body".
The second sentence: "The earth shook and the sky stopped in shock." On the surface, it says "Wujin" underground has just formed. In the case that the earth shook and the ghosts and gods shook the sky, there was no delay in calming down and continuing to practice. In fact, the poet used this moral to explain that Wujin-style coal transformation is not perfect or needs to continue to practice and maintain. In particular, his will to cultivate self-cultivation is very firm, and he is still alone even if the earth shakes. This may be an insistence on ideal goals and beliefs, and an insistence on professional posts and responsibilities; Or it is a need of self, a habit of a certain group, a indifference to the outside world ... in short, when the sky is falling!
The third sentence: "meet people's needs." This is a turning sentence, the opening sentence at the end of this seven-character quatrain, and also the turning point and development of the whole poem. It changed the law of the original things, made the theme of the work enter a new level, reached a more valuable height, and pushed the poetic realm to the climax of the whole article.
At the same time, it is also like a rhetorical question: Wujin is "shocked" and will not leave. What about fame and fortune? What about money and power? In other words, what is the attitude towards all kinds of temptations? Of course, the poet didn't ask too much. On the contrary, he pointed out what attitude other people who have no interest in it will take when they "seek full warmth", that is, when they need to cook, eat and keep warm in the cold winter.
The fourth sentence gives the answer and takes action: "a roaring smoke". Coal never ignores people's survival and life problems such as cooking and keeping warm. In the face of people's big interests, it regards its own small interests and small needs of self-cultivation as insignificant. He rushed out of the mountain in desperation, burned himself with a roar in order to provide people with heat and warmth, and sacrificed his life for light and heat.
The coal described by poet Heshui Zuo actually refers to the heroic spirit of many people with lofty ideals in China for thousands of years, and their vivid and inspiring typical images. By shaping the personification image of coal, it eulogized the strong will of the people of Qian Qian, the virtue of caring for their jobs and the dauntless spirit of risking one's life and forgetting one's death, which is conducive to stimulating the enthusiasm of Chinese people for patriotism and love for the people and carrying forward the spirit of selfless dedication. The coal sung by the poet Heshui Zuo has the life value orientation of "resting" and "melting smoke and dust" for the people, which is the same as his other poem "Ode to Cotton". "Give up your ambition and be cold, and snow and ice will warm the winter." Their interests are highly consistent. At the same time, it is also related to Yu Qian, China's minister of the Ming Dynasty, who "looked forward to the warmth of all people and took pains to get out of the mountains". Zhu Ziqing, a modern poet and prose writer in China, wrote, "In the dark and naked body, there are bursts of red heat." Carry forward the spiritual realm of the same height.
This poem "Ode to Coal" is short in words, high in poetic realm and meaningful. Heshui Zuo, a poet, expressed his ambition with things, which not only showed the heroic image of heroes in previous dynasties, but also expressed his ideological ambition. Every word in the poem is vigorous and fresh, unpretentious, with extraordinary momentum and far-reaching images. Although Heshui Zuo didn't care about the country and the people all his life and shoulder the responsibility of rejuvenating the country and securing the country like Yu Qian, a famous minister in Ming Dynasty, he still had the feelings of being in the people's position and cherishing the party and the country, so he could have such true feelings and lofty aspirations.
The poem Ode to Coal is bold and unconstrained, with rich imagination, lofty artistic conception and powerful momentum. At the same time, elegant brushwork, sophisticated language, natural circulation and exquisite contrast constitute a magnificent and gorgeous color with charm.
The greatest artistic charm of the poem "Ode to Coal" lies in "two words, one poem", which is also the most ingenious place of the poet:
First, "two words" means "change" and "transformation". Used in the first sentence and the last sentence of the poem, both are in the position of the fifth word in the sentence. Literally, they all mainly mean "change", but in fact, they are essentially different in this poem:
(1) has different properties. The word "change" in the first sentence is mainly reflected in the meaning of "nature", which is to improve the quality and realize the goal; The word "change" in the last sentence is a tragic "China" ("I can China without complaining" in Tao Yuanming's "Give My Life"), which is the disappearance and extinction of the original body.
(2) The time and process are different. The first "change" has gone through a long and quiet cultivation process of hundreds of millions of years; The final "change" is in a short moment of "a roar".
(3) The purpose and significance are different. The first "change" is for one's own goals and pursuits, and it is a self-serving demand. This change has turned itself from dead branches and rotten leaves into "Jin Wu"; Finally (the fourth sentence), "change" is for others, for the needs of people living in the world, let them give their lives and give their lives that have been cultivated for hundreds of millions of years. The opposite purpose: one public and one private; The result is the opposite: one is made by oneself, the other is completely destroyed, so strong!
Second, "a poem" is "a roaring smoke". This is the climax and the highlight of this poem. It is a sentence that reflects the soul of the work, and also reflects the author's literary skill and ingenuity. The literary language of this sentence is vivid, heroic, imposing and touching. This is both a story and a competition. After watching it, people seem to hear the theme song of the movie "Heroes and Children": "The enemy decays into dust, and the warrior turns into Venus". It also makes people's eyes show heroic images, such as Dong Cunrui bombing bunkers, Huang Jiguang blocking guns, Qiu saving lives, and so on, which have sacrificed precious lives for the country and people.
In addition, the second sentence in the poem, "The earth shook and the sky stopped in shock", played an extraordinary role in the ideological sublimation of the whole poem. Its dramatic change of "earth-shattering" has formed an extremely strong contrast with its attitude of "letting things go". The stronger this contrast is, the more prepared it will be. Therefore, its background and foil play a vital role in creating the amazing artistic effect of the fourth sentence "roaring smoke and dust", making this seven-character quatrain thrilling, extraordinary and touching. Without this "comparison", the "xing" of the sentence will look pale and weak, and its ideological content may be very ordinary.