1, visualization
Although poetry also emphasizes the beauty of interest, it generally does not convince people with strict judgment and reasoning, but focuses on impressing people with images. Snowflakes are big, so it can be said that "Yanshan snowflakes are as big as seats" (Li Bai's poem); Huma is fast, so it can be said that "bamboo ears, wind hooves" (Du Fu's poems); It is said that bleak is "the lonely lamp shines on the cold rain, and the wet bamboo floats dark" (Si Kongshu's poem); The ideal word is "90,000 Li Fengpeng lifts, the wind stops, Pengzhou blows away the three mountains" (Li Qingzhao's word). Only in this way can the characteristics of things be vividly expressed or highlighted, so that readers can obtain concrete and sensible artistic enjoyment.
2. Typical
Images described in poems are not real records of life. Although some of them are true records, they have also been selected, processed and refined by the author. Such an image can represent a deeper and broader life content, become a typical image, become a typical character, a typical environment, a typical action, a typical discourse, a typical scene and so on. Typical things are summarized, so they are representative. The so-called "half-petal flower" can be said to be a person, "a drop of water" can reflect brilliance, and "a scale and a half claws" can tell the whole picture. For example, in Du Fu's On Meeting Li Guinian Down the River, the two verbs "smell" and "encounter" in the poem connect decades of personnel and vicissitudes. The reunion of the two old people has become the representative of an era, and their decline just shows the rise and fall of the prosperous times. This kind of work is very typical.
3. Emotion
"Emotion comes from emotion" obviously refers to poetry creation. Of course, the author's endless emotions cannot be analyzed from a rational point of view. Du Mu has a poem "Jiangnan Spring": "Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town is full of wine flags. Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy. " Some people think that thousands of miles of warblers crow and thousands of miles of green reflect red, and no one can see them. "Thousand" is regarded as "ten". Later, someone retorted: "Even if it is ten miles, it may not be all audible and visible." He explained, "The title cloud" Jiangnan Mud "is in Jiangnan thousands of miles away. Thousands of miles away, birds are singing and green is reflecting. There are no wine flags everywhere in the water town, and more than 480 pagodas are in the misty rain. " This refutes that nature is reasonable, and poets can't look at it with a "scientific" eye if they blurt out their feelings. The same is true of the "Yanshan snowflake as big as a seat" mentioned above. It would be ridiculous if we ignore the emotional characteristics of poetry and force us to ask the question "how can the Yanshan snowflake be as big as a seat?" .
In poetry, the expression of emotion is indirect in many cases. Sometimes I use indirect lyrical comments, sometimes I use allusions, and sometimes I jump (jumping refers to jumping and omitting the meaning of the text). Understandable indirect expression, the allusions used in the poem, and the omitted parts are very implicit.
Characteristics of poetry.
The inherent feature of poetry is to express feelings. Whether painting landscapes, reciting things, or writing people and narrating,
Everything is for lyricism. Lyricism is the life and soul of poetry. Without lyricism, there is no poetry. Therefore, when reading and appreciating poetry, we should first find out what kind of scenery the poet describes, what kind of things he sings, what kind of things he describes and what kind of people he describes, and then see what kind of feelings he expresses.
The external feature of poetry is to pay attention to rhythm. Classical poetry, in particular, emphasizes rhyming antithesis. Therefore, the word order is sometimes reversed. "Heroes don't look for Sun Zhongmou" is the inversion of "Heroes don't look for Sun Zhongmou". Only by turning it into a suitable outfit can we understand it accurately. Reading aloud when reading is poetic.
The beauty of rhythm can only be better understood by reading the sound. Even when answering questions in the exam, it is best to read the voice in your head.
The constituent element of poetry is image. It is the crystallization of the collision and fusion of the poet's subjective feelings and objective images in the creative process, and it is a single or fragmented and tangible concrete image created by the poet through imagination and the use of personification, object, symbol, exaggeration and metaphor. Image is the carrier of emotion and an artistic symbol created by the writer to convey some vague, subtle and inexplicable feelings. Therefore, when reading and appreciating poems, we should fully understand the connotation and aesthetic significance of images from the perspective of images, which is the key to truly understand a work.
First of all, we should carefully taste the rich and unique emotional information contained in the image itself. For example, the "sun" is of course the sun, but it is not just the sun. As an image, "Sun" has a brilliant and radiant weather. Secondly, we should fully understand the cultural connotation of images. Accumulated the corresponding cultural connotation in the concrete image. Such as Long Pavilion, Broken Willow, Old Friend and Lonely Sail,
Often associated with parting from sorrow and hatred, it has become a ready-made symbol to express the parting of lovesickness. When you see these images, you should immediately think of the corresponding thoughts and feelings. Third, we should understand the meaning from the combination of images.
The words "Red Dawn Flows from the Bullet Hole of the Star", "Star", "Bullet Hole", "Blood" and "Dawn" are different from the usual images through the combination of poets, and their superposition has produced a brand-new artistic effect. When reading, we should be good at understanding the "proliferation meaning" from the overall image combination. For example, the landscape of Xindi:
The train ran over China's ribs.
Section after section of social problems.
Living next to each other are huts and graves between the fields.
Life is so close to the end.
The land in summer is so green that it withers sadly.
I used to like where I wanted to go.
I can't say how strange it is, but on the whole it's still rather bleak.
Thin cows and thin people
It's all illness, not scenery!
1948 Summer
On Shanghai-Hangzhou Road
The scene of the poet's "huts living next to each other, graves in the fields" outside the window is very vivid and can be seen everywhere in the countryside in the 1940s. But here, the two images, the hut and the grave, are prominently combined in a picture at the same time, and they are linked by the conjunction "harmony", so the meaning of the poem rises from realism to philosophical thinking: the distance between life and death is surprisingly close, and China people actually end their lives in such a muddle.
The language of poetry is vivid and vivid. In addition, it also has the characteristics of simplicity and jumping, which is more different from other styles. "Words are not connected, meaning is connected", and what readers can understand through association and imagination is often omitted, so it is natural to make up for it through association and imagination when reading. For example, Li Bai's Long March:
My hair barely covers my forehead. I am picking flowers and paying by my door.
When you, my love, ride a bamboo horse, run in circles and throw your childhood.
We live together in an alley in Qiantang, both young and happy.
When I was fourteen, I became your wife, and I was too shy to laugh.
I bowed my head and went to the dark corner, unwilling to pay attention to your thousands of calls.
But at the age of fifteen, I raised my eyebrows and laughed, knowing that no dust can seal our love.
Even to death, I will wait for you in my post, and I will not lose heart in the silent watchtower.
Then, when I was sixteen, you embarked on a long journey.
Then in the fifth month, I couldn't help it anymore. The ape shouted in the sky.
Every old footprint in front of the door is hidden under green moss.
Hiding under the moss is too deep to sweep away, and the first autumn wind adds leaves.
Yellow butterflies in August, hovering in the grass of our West Garden in pairs.
Because of all this, my heart is broken, and I am worried that my bright cheeks will fade.
Oh, finally, when you come back through three Pa areas, send me a message home in advance! .
I'll pick you up, and I won't mind the distance, all the way to Sha Changfeng.
When I was a child, I only wrote the scene of two children playing together (I was so impressed that even "childhood friends" and "two children have no guess" became idioms), and everything else was omitted. Then I jumped to the stage of "being husband and wife" and wrote the scene of my first marriage and the love developed between husband and wife after marriage with delicate brushstrokes. Then I suddenly jumped to my husband's yearning for him after a long business trip. That's the point. The poet skillfully connected some fragments of life into a complete artistic whole. This shows the characteristics of poetry that "words are not connected but meanings are connected".