Ask the master to discuss the connotation and characteristics of Du Fu's poet sage?

On the connotation and expressive characteristics of Du Fu's poems (Yuan Shihua) Author: Yuan Shihua Du Fu said in the sixth part of "The Play is a Six-quatrain": "It is elegant and elegant, and all teachers are turned into my teachers." The so-called "pro-elegance" actually attaches great importance to interest. It shows a realistic tendency in creative practice, leading literature from paying attention to expressing personal feelings to writing about people's livelihood, from idealism to realism, and opening up an unprecedented broad field of vision for literary creation. At the same time, he "learned from many teachers" in art, extensively borrowed from previous writers, summed up the rich artistic experience accumulated in the development of literature, and consciously explored and pursued various artistic forms and masterpieces of poetry, becoming a great master in the history of China poetry, which not only summarized the past but also created the future, and had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Du Fu's poems are embodied in the following six aspects: First, learn from the experience of predecessors with an open mind, and don't underestimate that today's people love the ancients. The narrative and realism of Du Fu's poems are obviously influenced by the elegant poems in The Book of Songs and the Han Yuefu. His spirit of patriotism, love for the people and upholding justice is also the inheritance of Qu Yuan's Lisao, which is embodied in the direct application and connection of poems in Chu Ci represented by Qu Fu. In the creation of five-character ancient poems, he was influenced by poets such as RoyceWong, Cao Zhi and Tao Yuanming. Du Fu is different from Qi Liang poets. He devoted himself to studying Yin (Yin Keng) and He Xun (He Xun) and praised Wan Xin for his mature writing style, because they were all excellent poets who surpassed Qi and Liang's flashy poetic style to varying degrees. His ancient poems are full of rhythm, precisely because he has attached importance to parallelism since he learned Qi Liang. Modern poetry that pays attention to duality originated from Chen Liang. Among the writers who commented on "The Six Unique Performances of Drama" in the past dynasties, Du Fu only put forward four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, which was actually a response to those who totally denied the literature of the Six Dynasties and opposed modern poetry at that time. He advocates advocating ancient tunes and adopting new sounds. On the one hand, he emphasizes ancient style, on the other hand, he pays attention to modern style. On the one hand, it requires vigorous and simple style and language, on the other hand, it attaches importance to the beauty and splendor of rhetoric. It is under the guidance of this thought that Du Fu fully realized that writers and works in different historical periods have their own characteristics and achievements, and they can learn from each other. The second is the highly mature realistic creation method, which is mainly reflected in Du Fu's numerous and high-quality narrative poems. First of all, Du Fu is good at selecting people and things with typical significance, making artistic generalizations, shaping many characters and painting a broad picture of social life. The old man who fled over the wall, the old woman and Yang who were eager to serve in the river, the man who was recruited in Xin 'an, and the bride who left at dusk and early morning ... set up a portrait gallery. It is an outstanding contribution of Du Fu's poetry to create so many vivid, true and typical characters (especially those in labor). Secondly, Du Fu is good at integrating subjective thoughts and feelings into the description of objective facts, so that the characters can speak with facts themselves, which is naturally touching. For example, "Two Roads": "On the third day, it is sunny and sunny, and many beauties enjoy the cool by the Chang 'an River ... The moxibustion hand can be extremely hot, so be alert to the Prime Minister and beware of his frown!" This poem satirizes the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brother and sister, and its twists and turns reflect the fatuous political corruption of the monarch. The beauty lies in describing the scene and plot from beginning to end with exquisite brushwork, bright and rich colors and serious attitude, so that the poet's own feelings and tendencies are revealed from the description of the scene and plot: "There is no irony in the description, no sigh in the description, and there is a sigh in the reading", which is more relaxed than the general irony. Other famous articles, such as Shihao Guan, Military Vehicle Shop, Saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, have used this technique brilliantly. Thirdly, Du Fu is also good at portraying psychology and shaping images with personalized language. Monologues and dialogues are wonderful and vivid. For example, the poem "Wedding Farewell" is completely written by the bride's monologue, which shows her helplessness, resentment, complaint, sadness, encouragement and expectation when she bid farewell to her husband, thus shaping an image of a working woman with rich feelings and deep understanding. Others, such as Homeless, Farewell the Old and Welcome the New, also write monologues. Military Vehicle Shop, Tongguan Official and Xin 'an Official all use dialogue. The writing of these characters is easy to understand, which conforms to their personality, identity and characteristics of the times and shows the characteristics of realism. Because of the vivid language of the characters, readers feel cordial and true when they see the characters and hear their voices. Finally, Du Fu is also good at capturing expressive details that can show the essence and mental outlook of characters. For example, in "Car Shop", the detail that "soldiers dare to express their hatred no matter what they are asked" not only reveals the soldiers' anger, but also exposes the cruel oppression of feudal rulers, which deeply reflects the author's sympathy and indignation. And a passage about his wife and children in the Northern Expedition: "I have been spoiled all my life, and my color is as white as snow. ..... "Not only vividly depicts the innocence of the youngest daughter, but also depicts the joy of his wife, which sets off the author's own mixed feelings. The predecessors said that Du Fu "described himself as unique no matter what he borrowed", but he actually meant such details. The above points often appear at the same time in Du Fu's narrative poems, which complement each other. * * * together constitute a realistic artistic technique, which makes Du Fu's poetry reach an unprecedented height. Third, it is obviously romantic. Du Fu's poems are good at reflecting reality, but many of his works are romantic. For example, "once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." "Looking at the Moon shows the poet's self-confidence and heroism when he was young ... Another example is Washing Terracotta Warriors, which on the one hand expresses the great joy of recovering the capital, on the other hand satirizes and warns the court, and finally puts forward the magnificent fantasy that" there are strong men guarding the Tianhe River and cleaning up the armored soldiers for a long time ",which shows the poet's wishes for the future of the country. The autumn wind breaks the thatched cottage song highlights the poet's idealism and dedication. Fourth, the unique image group and depressed artistic style. The intentional groups in Du Fu's poems are all saturated with feelings of caring for the country, the people and life, with a strong melancholy color. The phoenix in Du Fu's works has distinct personality characteristics: "Don't you see that the mountain in Xiaoxiang is high, and Zhu Sheng is whistling at the top of it ..." (Zhu Fengxing), a struggling and lonely Zhu Feng, is a symbol of the poet himself. Different from the arrogant phoenix in Li Bai's poems. Phoenix has been regarded as an auspicious thing since ancient times. Du Fu warmly called for its arrival in his poems, even at the expense of his own flesh and blood: "The fight is not over, Phoenix Kirin is safe (see the fishing song again)!" "Elegant Phoenix Terrace, facing Xikang in the north ..." These poems about phoenix fully show the gloomy style of Du Fu's poems. In addition, sick cypress, sick orange and so on. They are all unique images that can represent Du Fu's poetic style. For example, "It's cold in the autumn night on the Laka tree in this courtyard, and I'm lying alone in the town by the river. I Look at My Candle Tears (Long Stay) is full of sadness, gloomy colors and heavy atmosphere, which strongly shows Du Fu's deep and melancholy feelings. Fifth, there are many styles of poetry. Du Fu is good at all kinds of poetry genres and can bring forth the old and bring forth the new. His dialect poems exhausted brushwork and fully expanded the realm, which can be extended from ten rhymes to fifty rhymes (such as From Beijing to Fengxian) and then to the giant system of seventy rhymes (such as the Northern Expedition). As for the arrangement of five characters, it is more than rhyme, big or a thousand words, a hundred times, and it is unprecedented. His seven-character ancient poems, including long poems and short poems, are extremely extensive in content and rich in materials, almost all-encompassing, some of which are suddenly produced, some of which are inherited and passed down, with twists and turns. The style and syntax of his songs are all expressed in prose, sometimes with a rhyme to the end, a turning point, some rhyming, getting older and older, spanning hundreds of generations. As for his 107 laws, there are many variations, from the flat lattice stuck in the third sentence to the flat body stuck in the fifth sentence; Seven-character quatrains include both regular quatrains and awkward quatrains, and there are many creative methods. Sixth, he has profound skills and can write his own words. It is an important aspect of Du Fu's famous works to make a big speech on the basis of extensive study and drawing lessons from the artistic experience of predecessors. He said in "On the value of water on the river as a sea potential": "For the sake of human nature, it is not surprising that there are endless words. Old poems are sentimental, and flowers and birds are not deeply worried in spring. " Du Fu's skill in refining sentences is very profound, and the syntactic changes and the accuracy of refining words in Du Fu's poems have indeed reached an alarming level. In order to create a synthetic artistic conception in light colors, he often puts color words at the beginning of sentences, such as "the green wind breaks bamboo shoots, and the plum blossoms are red" (the fifth of "Ten Generals How to Travel in the Mountains"). "Red flowers with thick horns and green grass in the corner" (Rain over Sudan). He is good at using verbs and adverbs, describing water as "moving" and birds as "crossing" and "crossing", such as "before the river moves me, the sea is wide" (crossing the water) and so on. In a word, learning from predecessors' experience modestly and combining mature realism with romanticism formed Du Fu's unique image group and depressed style. Refined, accurate and innovative language and various poetic styles expand the scope of poetic themes and give full play to the social functions of various poetic styles. These achievements made Du Fu a great poet with world reputation and influence, and a masterpiece of previous poems.