I did not choose between Hua Chao and Xue Chao, and I engaged in Huo and Yao for five years.
You are destined to sit down and hand in hand with pearls and shoes, and I am close to the green branches.
Chu Yu is affectionate and trustworthy, but Zhang Bin is so sick that he has no hope.
Chang Yin went down to Yantai, but only the fragrance of the clothes was not sold.
Li Shangyin experienced forty-six spring and autumn periods in his life. He passed the Jinshi and Bo Xuehong Ci. His knowledge, talent, and his admirable pen for writing memorials could have made his career smooth. However, his career was sluggish. He lives the life of a staff member who depends on his family. In the fifth year of Dazhong, Li Shangnian was in seclusion for forty years. He was recruited by Liu Zhongying, the governor of Dongchuan, and left Beijing to go to the Zizhou shogunate where Liu Zhongying served, where he spent the last and most important time in his life. A long staff life. Liu Zhongying valued Li Shangyin's talent and entrusted him with important tasks twice; Liu Zhongying cared about Li Shangyin's loneliness after losing his wife and prepared to give him a prostitute as a gift. In the ninth year of Dazhong, Liu Zhongying was conscripted into the imperial court and the Zizhou shogunate was dissolved. Li Shangyin also ended his five-year career as an aide in Zizhou and returned north. At the same time, he wrote this seven-character poem and sent it to his colleagues in Zizhou. . Zizhou is located in today's Sichuan Province, and its jurisdiction includes present-day Santai, Zhongjiang, Yanting, Shehong and other counties. "Stop" refers to the dissolution of the shogunate. "Tongshe" refers to colleagues in the shogunate.
The first couplet summarizes five years of staff life. "Bu pick" means no matter, no matter; "Hua Chao (zhao)" and "Xue Chao" refer to spring and winter, and by extension refer to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. "Engage" means to be a staff member. "Huo Piao Yao (piao yao)" refers to Huo Qubing, a famous general in the Han Dynasty. Because he once served as the captain of Piao Yao, here he refers to the leader Liu Zhongying. This couplet means that for the past five years, he has always followed Liu Zhongying as his staff, no matter spring, summer, autumn or winter. The couplet details the events of participating in banquets, singing and dancing in the shogunate. "Receive seat" refers to the connection of seats; "zhulu" refers to distinguished guests, as the saying comes from "Historical Records·Chun Shenjun Biography": "All the guests on them are walking on pearl shoes." "Bihang (hang)" means to separate the rows. "Cuiqiao" is a kind of women's jewelry that looks like the feathers of an emerald bird. Here, objects are used to represent people, referring to singing girls. In the Tang Dynasty, there were official prostitutes in the Jiedushi shogunate. When visiting the chief, the singing prostitutes stood in separate rows, and they also moved in separate rows when singing and dancing. The words "Jun" (referring to colleagues) and "I" in the upper and lower sentences are intertextual in the poem. This couplet means that you and I can make friends with the distinguished guests wearing pearls and shoes because we are seated next to each other in the willow curtain, and we are all close to the singing girls standing and dancing in separate rows. This couplet seems to be too secular, but on the one hand it is the reality of a staff career, and more importantly, "near Cuiqiao" leads to the next couplet "Chu Yu", "You Tuo", "Zhang Bin" and "No Hope" "That implicit and profound lyrical poem.
The first sentence of the neck couplet "Chu Yu" is used in Song Yu's "Gaotang Fu", which tells the story of the king of Chu dreaming of meeting the goddess of Wushan. The goddess "appears as the morning clouds in the morning and as the rain in the evening", because "Chu Yu" is used to describe the erotic love between men and women. This sentence inherits the "near Cuiqiao" in the first couplet, saying that he has been close to an official prostitute. The poem involves "Chu Yu", which seems to be "affectionate", but in essence it is all "trusted". So who is "entrusted"? In the pre-Qin period of ancient my country, Qu Yuan used the metaphor of beautiful women and fragrant grass to describe the encounter between the monarch and his ministers. The sentence "Chu Yu is sentimental" here is also a metaphor for the poet's life-long ideal of being appreciated and actively serving the world. However, reality is always ruthless and cruel to the poet, so the next sentence of this couplet writes about his own reality. The word "Zhangbin" comes from the Jian'an poet Liu Zhen's poem "I was seriously ill, and I came to Zhangbin" ("Gift to the general with five senses"). The poetic meaning is to live in seclusion when sick. This sentence means that he is as sick as Liu Zhen, and he has no support after leaving the Zizhou shogunate. I think the word "disease" here is a pun. First, it actually refers to my weak and sick body, and second, it refers to my many misfortunes in life. It is difficult to trust someone who is weak and sick, but it is even more difficult to trust him if his life is full of misfortunes. The neck couplet is a key couplet in rhythmic poetry. Li Shangyin's key couplet, from the title of the poem "Send to the Fellow House", is to express his mentality to his colleagues, but from the perspective of "Bi Yin", it is also a metaphor. He wrote about his desolate state of mind when the curtain came down, and also about the regrets that he would never make up for in his life. The poet passed away two years after returning to Kyoto. This couplet can also be seen as his summary of his career as a staff member in his tragic life.
The last couplet focuses on the feeling of nostalgia and attachment after leaving the Zizhou shogunate. "Yantai" is the golden platform where King Yan Zhao recruited wise men (the incident comes from "Warring States Policy·Yan Policy"). It refers to Liu Zhongying's shogunate and embodies Liu Zhongying's feelings of knowing and finding opportunities. "The fragrance of clothes" is used in the Han Dynasty. The people of Jin Dynasty used to chisel their teeth. "Xiangyang Ji" records: "When Xun ordered the king to come to someone's house, he would sit there for three days and the fragrance would be fragrant." Later generations often used "the fragrance of clothes" to describe a person's elegance. Here we take over the "Xunxiang" The meaning of "Yantai" refers to Liu Zhongying's kindness to himself. This couplet means that he will leave the Zizhou shogunate in a long and slow chant, and only the kindness of the shogunate Liu Zhongying will remain in his heart forever. The poem ends in this long and gentle affection.
This is a poem that expresses emotions at the moment. The event of Zizhou’s death and leaving Zizhou’s return to the north does not contain scenery or objects. The poet uses related specific objects to turn the record of events into a visual image. The beautiful and perceptible pictures give people a sense of elegance and elegance.
The first couplet uses the elegance and pleasantness of spring flowers and winter snow to replace the seasonal concepts of spring, summer, autumn and winter, showing the rich natural beauty; the second couplet uses the splendor and splendor of "pearl shoes" and "green feathers" to replace the identity of the guest singer and geisha. The concept shows the beauty of the object; in the three couplets, the rain in Chutian and the shore of Zhangshui replace the worldly joys and sorrows of men and women, turning straightness into concealment and vulgarity into elegance, showing the beauty of implicit elegance; in the last couplet, Yan Wang Huangjintai and Xun Ling's fragrant clothes replaced the abstract and intangible kindness of knowing and encountering, showing the beauty of allusions. All of this is of course determined by Li Shangyin's "gentle and beautiful" aesthetic taste. Therefore, reading his poems can always give people a sense of aesthetic enjoyment.
However, Li Shangyin was by no means just an aesthete, specializing in the pursuit of formal magnificence. Fan Yuanshi of the Song Dynasty commented on Yishan's poetry not only as "ingenious" but also "lofty and far-reaching" ("Poetry Eyes"); Liu Kezhuang commented on Yishan's poetry as "gorgeous" and "exquisitely refined and subtle in exploration" ("Houcun") "Poetic Talk"); Zhu Heling of the Qing Dynasty believed that "the poems born in Yuxi are beautiful and beautiful" ("Preface to the Annotations of Li Yishan's Collected Poems"), which all show that Li Shangyin's poems have a deeper connotation under the "beautiful" appearance. The metaphors used in this poem all use allusions, which convey profound meanings and reflect the characteristics of "Shen Bo's beauty". He used "Huo Yao" to refer to Liu Zhongying, which naturally included praise for Liu. This praise was by no means a flattering and flattering rhetoric. Liu Zhongying was considered an upright and relatively high-ranking official among the officials of the late Tang Dynasty. There are achievements, so this nickname also shows the image of Liu Zhongying and the poet's admiration for him; if we think about it again with the "Flower Dynasty" and "Snow Dynasty" in the previous sentence, it is not a description of ordinary natural beauty, but a description of the general natural beauty. It also means praising Liumu’s life. The classic "Chuyu contains feelings" not only contains a beautiful legend of the Wushan goddess, but also contains the deep hope of encountering each other. The "Yantai" canon not only contains the story of the ancient Mingjun summoning talents and seeking scholars, but also contains Liu Zhongying's feeling of knowing and finding oneself. It also echoes the "Chu Yu Lian Qing", implying the feelings of looking forward to the Mingzhu; now "Far Down Yantai" also has a rich tragic atmosphere. As for the two words "zhulu" and "cuiqiao", they are more than gorgeous, but they have no other meaning other than using things to represent people. This shows that the two lines of the neck couplet are not key lines in the whole poem.
Li Shangyin’s poems are less direct and clear, so they are full of hazy mood, which is thought-provoking and worthy of appreciation. Just like the conclusion of this poem, one will also feel “clothes” when reading Yishan’s poems. The feeling that the fragrance has not been sold. However, only because of this, the poetic meaning of Li Yishan's poems is often difficult to grasp, and may even lead to different understandings. Even for this poem "Stop chanting and send it to the same family", common annotations nowadays have different understandings. For example, it is believed that this poem "implies irony", "contains ridicule" and so on. I think this poem is mainly to express feelings about the situation. Judging from Li Shangyin's personality and poetic style, there is no implicit sarcasm when bidding farewell to his colleagues; and in Yishan's poem, the title of the poem is clearly stated as "play gift", "play work" or There are no less than a dozen poems with the words "ridicule" and "annoyance" (joking). The title of this poem is "Sending to the Fellow Family", which is a farewell poem. Therefore, this article does not use "sarcastic meaning" or "ridiculous meaning". Zhu said that there is no further comment on this.