Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin. From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou.
In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an.
He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year.
The first four sentences of the poem are about the defeat of the spring city, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray.
A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "
The poet here clearly writes about scenery, but in fact he is expressing his feelings, entrusting them to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. The antithesis of this couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic.
"National Break" is opposite to "City Spring". The ruins of "the country breaks down and the family dies" are in sharp contrast with the "urban spring" of commercial prosperity.
"The country is broken" is followed by "the mountains and rivers are here", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the city" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature."
("Tang Yin Gui Qian", Volume 9) "The petals there are already like tears, and the lonely bird has sang grief." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry.
Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds.
Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring.
How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages. "I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "
There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, but my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry.
In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness. This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written clearly, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.
There are still many, so I don't appreciate them: "Love the River Head": Shaoling always swallowed and cried, and I sneaked down the winding river like a shadow of spring. There are thousands of palaces on the shore and new branches of willows. Who are you green for? .
He heard that Su Zong ascended the throne and went through all the hardships to come to Fengxiang. He was awarded the post of left gleaner.
During this period, he wrote three poems, Qiang Village and Northern Expedition. He was demoted to join the army in the first year of Gan Yuan (758) because he saved the house.
During this period, he wrote Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the autumn of the second year (759), he finally abandoned his official position, moved to Shu with his family, arrived in Chengdu at the end of the year, and began his life in the southwest in his later years.
He lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu for some time. Later, due to the rebellion of Jiannan military forces against Xu, Chengdu was in chaos, so he moved to Zizhou, traveled to and from neighboring counties, and stayed in Langzhou in the middle.
In May of the first year of Yongtai (765), he left Chengdu and passed through Yuzhou gorge. After a short illness in Yun 'an, he moved to Kuizhou (now Fengjie, Sichuan) at the end of the following spring. In the spring of the third year of Dali (768), he left Kuizhou and drifted to Jiangling, Gongan, Yueyang and Tanzhou. In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (770), he died on the boat on the way from Tanzhou to Yuezhou at the age of 59.
In his later years, Du Fu was poor, sick and miserable. The Anshi Rebellion brought countless disasters and also brought changes to poetry creation.
The theme of war-torn life naturally enters poetry creation. Poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were not used to introducing war sufferings into poetry.
They haven't turned their eyes to the bottom yet. In the face of this disaster, they felt, "If you want to climb the peak, no one will send wine."
Cherish the family chrysanthemum far away, and be close to the battlefield "(Cen Can's" Thinking of Chang 'an Family on March 9th "). Li Bai wrote about the most wars among the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as running to the road of death, leaving Cui Xuancheng in the ground after the chaos, boosting the wind and singing songs of Shi Haoge, touring songs of Yongwang to the east, and running to the south. He wrote about feelings, ambitions, attitudes and feelings that were not understood when he participated in this war, but he has not turned to writing about the sufferings of the people at the bottom.
It was the poets who wrote about the sufferings of the people who entered the climax of creation before and after the An Shi Rebellion. Li Jiayou wrote about the post-war decline: "Wherever I went, there were fewer and fewer Hu people, and the mountain villages were sparse and foggy.
The door was closed for several years, and I visited Yao for a few days. The penniless wife lost the residual tax because of her white hair, and the rest of the Yellow River was not clear. "
(Title: Owner of Dongshan Village, Lingtai County) "Bones half follow the river, and Huang Yun is still near the county seat. The flowers in Pingbei battlefield are falling, and the grass in the old garden is uneven. "
(Song Zhou Dong Deng Wang Ti Five Spirits) It was Du Fu who first and most comprehensively reflected the great destruction and disaster caused by this war. Du Fu used his poems to write down many important events in this war, wrote down the sufferings of the people in the war, and showed a broad picture of the whole social life in the war with a profound and vivid image of flesh and blood.
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2. Du Fu's poems about worrying about the country and people: Looking forward to Du Fu's spring: Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers last forever, the grass and trees spring back, the petals shed tears, the lonely birds sing their sorrows after three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold and I caress my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. Nine poems by Du Fu were sent to his hometown and went to Jiaohe for a long time. The government has a long way to go and desperate babies are in trouble. You have abundant land, and you have a lot to develop. You abandoned your parents' kindness and swallowed your own voice. The day of going out is still far away. Don't be bullied by disciples. If the flesh and blood are broken, that person will always die. Take off the horse's head and pick up the hair in his hand. Come down from Wan Ren Mountain and bend down to try on the flag. If you sharpen your knife, you will not miss the woodcutter, and water will hurt your hands. If you want to break your heart gently, your brain will be in a mess for a long time. There is nothing to be angry about when my husband promises to the country. Fame and fortune. I won't suffer the same again. Come all the way to lead our three armies. Generals are more willing to hear about the different pains and joys in the army. When I saw Hu riding across the river, I suddenly had hundreds of people. When I started as a slave, I made contributions. I use my bow as my strength and my arrow as my length. I shoot the horse first, catch the thief first, and catch the king first. Killing is limited, and these countries have their own borders. If I can control the invasion of the mausoleum, how can I kill more people? When will this city be built? At dusk, the clouds swim south, unattainable. If you fight against my base alone, you will feel dizzy in the dust. When the male sword moves four or five times, his army will come to me. If you win the title of king, you will be awarded Yuanmen. If you plunge into the team, you can do whatever you want. After joining the army for more than ten years, you can be free. Everyone will be ashamed of the same words. There is a dispute in the central plains, and the situation is in Germany and Rong. There are three kinds of hair in my house. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats and sinks into the pond depression. The children in Nancun bullied me, but they also had the heart to confront me as thieves and openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest. When they came back, they sighed on their sticks. In an instant, the wind will set the color of clouds and ink, and the autumn color will be dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for years. There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect the poor in the world, and the wind and rain are like calm mountains. Alas! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone! Du Fu's book, which is the temple of the famous Prime Minister, is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City. The green grass in spring is stained with the steps, and birds are singing happily under the leaves. The third call connected him with state affairs. He gave his heart to two generations, but before he conquered, he died, and the heroes kept crying on their coats. On a moonlit night, I remember my younger brother Du Fu's drum breaking pedestrians, and a wild goose is singing in autumn. Starting tonight, the hometown will be bright. My brothers are separated, and I'm dead or alive. I can't deliver books for a long time. What can I expect during the war? Du Fu's "Climbing Yueyang Tower" I have heard about Dongting Lake for a long time, and now I have finally climbed this building. There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and I can see the world drifting endlessly. There is no news from my relatives and friends. I am old, sick and lonely, and there are mountains in the north, relying on crying. Looking forward to Du Fu's three cities of Xishan Snow, and waters in this southern lake flash on a long bridge. Brothers in the sea are separated and tears flow far away. However, they will serve the sick in the twilight, and there will be no tears to answer the sacred pilgrimage. They will be extremely eye-catching when crossing the countryside. Day after day, the chaos of the world, Du Fu, flowers, as high as my window, hurts the heart of a wanderer, because I see that from this commanding height, sadness is everywhere, a silky river, bright spring, floating between the earth and heaven, like a cloud of jade peaks, between ancient times and the present. The Arctic court has never changed. Robbers dare not venture from the Western Hills. But at dusk, I feel sorry for the sorrow of an emperor who has long disappeared. I sang the song that his prime minister sang when he was still in the mountains. Du Fu climbed the stairs, the apes cried and moaned, and Bai Niao flew back. There is no end to the rustling of trees and the rolling of the Yangtze River. Wanli is a frequent visitor to sad autumn. He has been on stage alone for more than one hundred years. He is bitter, bitter, frosty and sideburns, and he no longer raises his glass. _ _ _ _
3. What are Du Fu's poems about the country and people? 1, longing for spring.
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
The autumn wind broke the hut.
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs.
Mao Fei crossed the river and sprinkled it on the periphery of the river. The highest one hung with a long forest top.
The next person floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bullied me,
I couldn't bear to be a thief across the street, but openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest.
My lips are burnt, my mouth is dry, and I can't breathe. When I came back, I sighed at my staff.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark.
This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.
How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep!
There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor in the world and make them happy.
The wind and rain are calm as a mountain. Oh!
When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
3. Shu Xiang
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister,
In a pine forest near the Silk City.
The green grass in spring dyed the steps red,
Birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third summons asked him to deal with state affairs,
He gave his heart to two generations.
But before he conquered, he was dead,
Since then, heroes have been crying on their coats.
Think of my brothers on a moonlit night.
A vagrant heard the drums heralding the battle,
The first call of a wild goose on the border in autumn.
He knew that the dew tonight would be frost,
How bright the moonlight is at home! .
Oh, my brothers, lost and scattered,
What does life without you mean to me? .
But if something goes wrong with peacetime letters,
What can I expect during the war? .
5. Wild Hope Du Fu
Xishan is covered with snow all year round, and the three cities are heavily stationed; Nanjiao Bridge spans the majestic Jinjiang River.
After years of war in China, several brothers have been unable to hear from each other; It's a long way from each other, and I'm the only one, right?
Instead, they will hand over the bodies of Gemini in the light of late autumn; So far, not a drop of merit has repaid the wise Huang Sheng.
I travel by horse alone, and my horizons are often wide. The world economy is in recession, which is unimaginable.
4. The poem describes Du Fu's concern for the country and the people, and his talent is rare:
1, but before he could conquer, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on. Shu Xiang
I came from three thousand miles away. With the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. Climb the balcony
3. Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. What spring looks like.
There are thousands of buildings in Ande, which makes poor people all over the world very happy. The autumn wind broke the hut.
Personal data:
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770) was born in Xiangyang, Henan, and Gongxian. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.