In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
A woman's husband is hungry and her child is pregnant with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming and rustic, and the back is burning.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry.
There are 300 stones in the land, and there is surplus grain in the year of Yan.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
Introduction to ancient poetry
Looking at Mai Niang is an early work of Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the busy farming scene in the wheat harvest season, criticizes the exorbitant taxes and levies that caused people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty that the poet himself can have plenty of food and clothing without virtue labor, showing the humanitarian spirit of a feudal official with conscience. In writing techniques, the poet combines panoramic description with the description of specific characters, making the whole poem an organic whole.
Translation/translation
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier. At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow. Women carry vegetables in bamboo baskets, children carry water slurry in pots, and follow each other to deliver meals in the fields. The men who collect wheat are all in Nangang. Their feet were smoked by the heat of the ground and their backs were basking in the hot sun. Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer. I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms, picking up the left ear of wheat in her right hand and hanging a broken basket on her left arm. Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her. Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger. What achievements have I made now, but I don't have to engage in farming and sericulture. Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year. I feel ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day.
To annotate ...
(1) cut (y): cut. The title bet is "At that time, I was the county magistrate".
⑵ Cover (fu) long (lǒng) yellow: cover the ridge when the wheat is yellow. Cover: cover. Dragon: the same as "ridge", here refers to the ridge where crops are planted in farmland, and here refers to wheat fields in general.
⑶ Auntie: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here. Lotus: Rice in a bamboo basket. H: shoulders, shoulders. Fast food: food packed in bamboo baskets.
(4) Childishness (zhi): children carry soup and water jiāng the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
5. Pay (m \u ng) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
[6] Ding Zhuang: A young man. Nangang (gāng): Place name.
(7) Steaming the summer heat rusts the back, scorching the sky: the feet are smoked by the hot air on the ground, and the back is roasted by the scorching sun.
(8) Dan: Only. Cherish: hope.
(9) refers to farmers who are working. Side: Same as "side".
⑽ Bing (bǐng) Sui Zuo: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
⑾ hanging: carrying it. Our (b √) basket: broken basket.
⑿ Care for each other: Look at each other and tell each other. C: Look, look.
[13] Audience: Bai Juyi refers to himself. Wèi: Sadness (omitting "ambition").
[14] Shu √: House rental tax. Lose, pass, extend to give, give.
⒂ I: refers to the author himself.
He has never worked in agriculture or mulberry: he has never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: All the time, never. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
Officer (Li) Lu (lù) 300 stone (Dan): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County, with an annual salary of about 300 stone meters. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten barrels as one stone. (Ancient thoughts, Dan)
Yan (Yan): At the end of the year. Yan, it's late
Read this: think about this.
⒇ All day: All day, all day.
Appreciation/appreciation
This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. The reason why she wants to pick up wheat is because her family's fields have been sold out and she has to pay official tax. Now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so she has to pick up wheat to satisfy her hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned.
Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat, and the sun is shining on my back" and "My family's taxes are all gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's infinite sympathy and compassion. Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells. What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.
Appreciation and translation of the original text of "Guanwai 2"
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
At night, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Fu (hè) eats (dān), and the child carries the pot pulp.
Go with (xi m m ǐ ng). Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming, rustic, burning behind, burning in the sky,
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Hold the ear with your right hand (b ǐng) and hang the basket with your left arm (bǐ ng).
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
I have exhausted the tax on my farm, so I can use this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I used to (zēng) not work in agriculture and mulberry.
The official (Li) has three hundred stones (dàn), and the old strict (yān) has more than (yú) food.
It's embarrassing to read this (kuì), and I can't forget it every day.
To annotate ...
(1) Mow (y): cut. (This poem is an ancient poem)
(2) Ridge: the same as "ridge" and "field ridge", generally referring to wheat fields.
(3) Cover with long yellow: wheat Huang Shi, covered on the ridge. Cover: cover.
(4) Daughter-in-law: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here.
Lotus (hè) and Lotus (dān) Eat (shí): Use round bamboo utensils to hold food. H: pick your shoulders. Eat: the food in the bamboo basket.
Babies carry the pot pulp: children carry the drinks in the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to wine.
(Xi) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
Ding Zhuang: Young and middle-aged man.
Nangang: Place name.
(5) foot steaming and foot rust: feet are fumigated by hot air on the ground.
Sun-drying: The back is baked by the scorching sun.
(6) Cherish: Cherish. Reluctant to waste.
(7) Bing (bǐng) Ear: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Ice, in your hand.
Me: It's broken.
(8) caring for each other: that is, telling each other. C: Look, look.
(9) Tax loss: paying rent tax.
(10) Zeng Bu: Never.
Things: engage in.
Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
(1 1) Lu Lishi San (dàn): At that time, Bai Juyi's salary was about 300 stone meters a year. Stone: A unit of capacity made in China, with ten barrels as one stone. (I read Dan in ancient times, but now I read shí)
(12) Yan (Yan): end of the year. Yan, do it.
translate
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier.
At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow.
Women use bamboo baskets to pick food and children's hand-cranked pots to hold wine pulp.
Follow each other and send them to people who work in the fields. The men who collect wheat are all in Nangang.
The feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the spine was roasted by the scorching sun.
Tired as if I didn't know it was hot, I just cherished the long summer.
I also saw a poor woman holding a baby beside the wheat harvester.
The left ear of wheat was picked up in the right hand, and a broken basket was hung on the left arm.
Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her.
Because of paying rent and taxes, all the fields at home have been sold out, so we have to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy our hunger.
Now I have what merit, but I am not engaged in farming and sericulture!
Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year.
I feel ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day.
Make an appreciative comment
The whole poem is divided into four layers, the first layer is four sentences, explaining time and its environmental atmosphere. "There is less leisure at home in the month, and people are twice as busy in May." The following things will happen in May when people are twice as busy. These two sentences always affect the whole body, revealing the author's sympathy for the working people at the beginning; "At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow." There is a harvest scene, and the big picture is pleasing to the eye, but no one can think of the sadness of farmers under this harvest scene.
The second layer of eight sentences, through a specific family to show this "busy" wheat harvest scene. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are carrying rice baskets, while little grandson is carrying a kettle. They are going to deliver meals to people who work in the fields. Men go to the fields before dawn; After getting up, women are busy with housework before cooking; The little grandson went to the fields with his grandma and mom when they were delivering food. They will work with the men after supper. The family is very busy in the field. "Summer feet steaming rustic, burning back the skylight. I don't know how hot it is, but the summer is long. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. They seem to have completely forgotten the heat, because it is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food" and time must be seized. The weather is so hot and the days are so long, but people work hard and are afraid of wasting a little time, which shows how much people cherish the wheat they are about to get. The word "pity" is well used here, which is a kind of writing that goes against human nature to highlight the emotional strength of people here and now. There is a saying in Bai Juyi's The Charcoal Man, "I am poor in clothes and simple in heart, and I am worried about charcoal. I wish to use the word here as much as I cherish it."
In three stories and eight sentences, the camera turns to a poor woman who can't survive because of taxes. Now she can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears, which is one level lower than the whole family's busy harvesting wheat ears. She held a child in her left hand, a broken bamboo basket in her arms, and picked up the fallen ears of wheat in her right hand. It was very tiring, but she gained little. But there was nothing she could do. At that time, it was the time to harvest wheat, and there were still ears of wheat to pick. Otherwise, she will have to beg in the street. Last year and the year before last, her family also had land to grow and money to accept Michael's family. It was only later that the tax was cornered and the real estate and land were changed, which led to this situation today. Readers can imagine that people who are busy harvesting now may, like her, have no land to plant next year and can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears.
The fourth floor, six sentences, the poet feels guilty and ashamed of such a tragic scene under the bumper harvest. This passage is the essence of the whole poem and the product of the author's touching feelings, which shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Comment at the end of the poem, which is the same name of many satirical poems by Bai Juyi. The discussion of this poem does not directly point to the root of social diseases, but shows the author's guilt and shame, which is also a vague criticism of the whole bureaucratic aristocratic society. Bai Juyi is just a small county commandant with three hundred stones. Those big bureaucrats and big noble should actually feel guilty. The emperor is in charge of taxes, and the author cannot openly oppose it. He can only use this ending to achieve the purpose of irony.
The title of the work is "Watching the Wheat Harvest", but what actually appears on the screen is a wheat harvester next to the wheat harvester, and the author's attention is just more focused on the latter. At present, they are rich and poor in different degrees, but their fate is closely related. Gleaner, who is sad and poor today, was a hard and busy reaper yesterday; Today's hard-working and busy wheat pickers may be reduced to miserable wheat pickers tomorrow. As long as there are heavy taxes, the working people will never escape bankruptcy. Here, the author sharply criticized the tax system that harmed the people at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. Moreover, it is not general sympathy, but further putting the poet himself in, feeling that he is too different from the working people and guilty. Bai Juyi's poem truly reflects the thoughts and feelings of the working people and shouts out their voices. The basic feature of the whole poem in writing is to describe the real life scene truthfully without any exaggeration. The author chose two scenes of busy family and bleak gleaning, which made them form a strong contrast. Although the former is tired, there is still hope for the time being. As for the latter, it is completely duckweed, which is in jeopardy.
Appreciation and translation of the original text of Guan Mo Wai 3;
Tube cutting wheat
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Bai Juyi
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
A woman's husband is hungry and her child is pregnant with pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Summer is steaming and rustic, and the back is burning.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
Another poor woman, holding her son,
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry.
There are 300 stones in the land, and there is surplus grain in the year of Yan.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
Translation and annotation:
translate
Farmers seldom have free months. When May comes, people are busier.
At night, the south wind blew, and the wheat covered on the ridge was ripe and yellow.
Women use bamboo baskets to pick rice, and children use pots to pack drinks.
Follow each other to deliver meals to people working in the fields, and the men who collect wheat are all in Nangang.
The feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the spine was roasted by the scorching sun.
I'm so tired that I don't seem to know it's hot. I just hope the summer days will be longer.
I saw a poor woman standing beside the wheat harvester with her child in her arms.
The right hand holds the ears of wheat picked up from the ground, and a broken basket is hung on the left arm.
Listening to her look at others, everyone who hears her feels sorry for her.
I had to pick up some ears of wheat to satisfy my hunger, because I paid the rent and tax and sold all my land.
What merits do I have now? I have never been engaged in agricultural production.
Get a salary of 300 stone meters a year, and there will be surplus food at the end of the year.
I feel ashamed to think of these inner feelings, and I can't forget them all day.
To annotate ...
(1) Mow (y): cut. (This poem is an ancient poem)
(2) Long: the same as "long" and "long", generally referring to wheat fields!
(3) Cover with long yellow: wheat Huang Shi, covered on the ridge. Cover: cover.
(4) Daughter-in-law: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here.
(5) lotus (hè) food (dān): use bamboo baskets to hold rice. H: shoulders, shoulders. Eat: bamboo basket rice.
(Reading d ā n sì regularly [such as eating pot pulp and drinking ladybugs] refers to rice packed in bamboo baskets, and food is not a separate term. )
(6) children carry pot pulp: children carry soup and water in the pot. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referring to rice wine or soup.
(7) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
(8) Ding Zhuang: Young and middle-aged men.
(9) Nangang: place name.
(10) It was full of rustic heat, and the back was scorched by the sun: the feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the back was roasted by the scorching sun.
(1 1) But: Only.
(12) Cherish: Hope.
(13) refers to farmers who are working.
(14) Bing (bǐng) Ear left: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Bing, take it. Get lost, get lost
(15) suspension: oblique suspension.
(16) Our basket: a broken basket.
(17) Care for each other: tell each other. C: Look, look.
(18) tax transportation (shuì √): house rental tax.
(19) Zeng (zēng) has never worked in agriculture and mulberry: he has never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: Actually. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
(20) Guan (Li) Lu (Li) 300 stone (Dan): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as a county magistrate in Zhouzhi, and his salary was about 300 stone meters a year. Stone: an ancient unit of capacity, with ten barrels as one stone. (I read Dan in ancient times, but now I read shí)
(2 1) Yan (Yan): end of the year. Yan, it's late
(22) Read this: Think about these.
(23) The end of the day: the whole day, the end of the day.
Appreciate:
Seeing Wheat Cutting is a poem written by Bai Juyi when he was appointed as the county magistrate of Miao (now zhouzhi county, An City, Shaanxi Province), because of the hard work and poverty of the local people. His works criticized the heavy rent tax that caused people to be poor. I feel deeply guilty that the poet can have ample food and clothing without virtue and labor, which shows the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official. The county commandant is responsible for catching thieves and collecting taxes in the county. It is precisely because Bai Juyi is in charge of this matter that he knows best the disasters suffered by the working people in this regard.
Appreciation and translation of the original text of Guan Mo Wai 4. The original text of Guan Mo Wai
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp. Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun. I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is another poor woman with her son in her arms. Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad. My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry. There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight.
Notes on viewing wheat cutting
(1) Mow (y): cut. (This poem is an ancient poem)
(2) Ridge: the same as "ridge" and "field ridge", generally referring to wheat fields.
(3) Cover with long yellow: wheat Huang Shi, covered on the ridge. Cover: cover.
(4) Daughter-in-law: Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law, generally referring to women here.
(5) He (hè) and (dān) eat (shí): Take out the food in the round bamboo ware. H: pick your shoulders. Eat: the food in the bamboo basket.
(6) Children who carry the pot pulp: children who carry the pot pulp. Slurry: a slightly sour drink in ancient times, sometimes referred to as rice wine.
(7) Tian: Send meals to people who work in the fields.
(8) Ding Zhuang: Young and middle-aged men.
(9) Nangang: place name.
(10) It was full of rustic heat, and the back was scorched by the sun: the feet were smoked by the heat on the ground, and the back was roasted by the scorching sun.
(1 1) But: Only.
(12) Cherish: Cherish.
(13) refers to farmers who are working.
(14) Bing (bǐng) Ear: Holding the ear of wheat picked from the ground. Ice, in your hand.
(15) suspension: oblique suspension.
(16) Our basket: a broken basket.
(17) Care for each other: tell each other. C: Look, look.
(18) Tax transportation: house payment tax.
(19) Zeng (céng) never worked in agriculture and mulberry: never worked in agricultural production. Zeng: I didn't expect it, but. Things: engage in. Agriculture and mulberry industry: agriculture and sericulture.
(20) Lu Lishi San (dàn): At that time, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County with an annual salary of about 300 stone meters. Stone: A unit of capacity made in China, with ten barrels as one stone. (I read Dan in ancient times, but now I read shí)
(2 1) Yan (Yan): end of the year. Yan, it's late
(22) Read this: Think about these.
(23) The end of the day: the whole day, the end of the day.