At the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, the Indian people became increasingly awakened, and ethnic contradictions became increasingly acute, forming the climax of the national independence movement between 1905 and 1908. Under this social background, Indian modern literature has also made great progress.
Modern Indian literature includes many local languages, such as Hindi, Bengali, Urdu, Marathi, Orissa, Assam, Gujarat, Punjabi, Kashmir, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and so on. Apart from English, the situation is quite complicated. However, the most important are Bengali in East India, Hindi in North India and Urdu literature centered on Delhi and Lucknow.
Bengali literature
Bangladesh was an advanced region in India's economic and cultural development at that time, and Bangladeshi new literature also took the lead in rising, which promoted the progress of the whole Indian new literature.
Ban jim king del chatterjee (1838~ 1894) is one of the pioneers of modern Bangladeshi literature. He has written historical novels such as The General's Daughter (1865) and Ananda Monastery (1882). In these works, he enthusiastically praised the fighting spirit of the Indian people against aggression and oppression. For example, there is a poem called "Worship Mother" in Ananda Temple, which is full of patriotic enthusiasm and is widely read all over India. His other novels are all realistic themes, such as Poison Tree (1872) and Rajini (1874). These works reflect the conflict between old and new ideas in society and describe the unfortunate fate of women.
Salat Gindl chatterjee (1878~ 1936) is an influential writer in the history of Bangladeshi literature. His famous novel Sri gant (1917 ~1933) tells the love story between the hero Srigant and the singer Rajarakshmi. The affection between them was pure and warm, but they finally had to break up because they violated the traditional habits and morals of society. This novel has a broad picture and created several vivid and touching female images.
In addition, the unmarried daughter (19 16) wrote about the misfortune of a girl without a dowry and criticized the marriage of sale. Morally corrupt people (19 17) wrote about the experiences of two young widows and condemned the bad habit of discriminating against widows. The secret organization-Daoshe (1929) directly reflects political issues and shows the positive thought of striving for national independence.
In addition, there are writers who write in Bengali, including Robin Delanat Tagore.
Hindi and Urdu Literature
Besides Bengali literature, the emergence of Hindi new literature is also closely related to the development of national liberation movement. The enlightener and pioneer of Hindi new literature is Pareto Dundu (1850~ 1885). He left immortal achievements in poetry, prose and drama. His six-act masterpiece Terror in India (1876) is regarded as the first patriotic work in Hindi literature. This drama is about the tragic situation of India and the serious threat of hunger, disease, death and darkness to the motherland. The ending of the script is tragic: the hero despairs for "the fate of India" and finally stabbed himself with a dagger.
In addition, his important plays include Killing according to the Vedas, Not Killing (1873), Simple King (1875), Kinder Labari (1876) and Indian Mother (65438).
Urdu new literature has also made great progress, and the representative figure is the poet Ghalib (1797~ 1869). His poems show people's sufferings, oppose religious superstitions, advocate equality and friendship, and sympathize with working people; His letter is novel in format and fluent in writing. His poems and letters occupy an important position in the development history of Urdu poetry and prose. His major works published in Urdu include Selected Poems of Ghalib, Collection of Indian Fragrant Letters and Essence of Urdu.