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1. The source of "The Book of Songs"
The source of poetry is ballads, which are divided into lay songs and music songs. Tuge is sung casually, while Lege is sung along with musical instruments. After writing became available, someone recorded those ballads, which were the first poems written, so poetry originated from songs. Of course the same is true for the Book of Songs.
However, the poems in the Book of Songs are related to the musicians of the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, there were musicians in various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the boss of the musicians was called Taishi. At that time, when envoys from various countries came and went, musicians had to play music and sing. These songs were collected by the imperial masters among the people. During the Warring States Period, new music replaced ancient music, professional musicians dispersed one after another, and the music scores were lost. However, there were still about 300 librettos handed down, which later became the Book of Songs.
? 2. What is poetry expressing ambition?
"Poetry expresses ambition" is an old saying, and the word poetry is composed of the two words "word" and "ambition". As mentioned above, during the Spring and Autumn Period when envoys from various countries came and went, musicians would sing songs at banquets. The songs were just poems. The difference was that the songs ordered had to have political meanings. For example, in Zuo Zhuan, in the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xiang, Zheng Bo hosted a banquet for Jin envoys. Zhao Meng invited everyone to compose poems. The poem Taishu Zi wrote was "There are creepers in the wild": "There are creepers in the wilds, and the dew is clean, and there is a beautiful person; it is clear and clear." "We meet each other by chance, and it suits my wishes." Uncle Zi only took the last two sentences to express that Zheng Guo welcomes Zhao Meng's arrival.
Therefore, the meaning of poetry in the Spring and Autumn Period was to use poetry with the help of singing to welcome people at political banquets. In the time of Confucius, it had extended meaning. For example, "The beautiful smile is beautiful, the beautiful eyes are beautiful, and the beauty is always gorgeous." Originally, it refers to the natural beauty of beauty, but Confucius used the last sentence to compare it to painting, saying that only with a good foundation can the beauty of the painting be achieved. It was further extended to say that poetic thoughts are innocent, can encourage people, increase experience, etc., and now it has been extended to mean more enlightenment.
3. What are Feng, Ya and Song?
The three words Feng, Ya and Song are named after ancient music. Wind is a local music, and "Guo Feng" means local music from various countries. Ya is the word "wu", which seems to describe the sound of music. Song is the word "rong", and "rong" is the "appearance", that is, singing and dancing when singing.
? 4. What are Fu, Bi and Xing
Fu is found in the "Major Preface" written by the ancients to "The Book of Songs", which means "to directly lay out the good and evil of today's politics and religion" , in modern terms, directly talks about the good and bad of the society at that time; Bi and Xing are political and religious metaphors, which twist and turn into meaning, but Xing is often at the beginning of reading, and is often related to the whole poem.