In the preface of Chen Jiaben, the dreamer wrote: "The word conveys beauty and involves fantasy, so it is also the title of Dream. My husband's Dream of Red Mansions is the love of children in a big family, and things are true or false. The red chamber is rich in women, and poetry proves Xiangshan; I dreamed of Zhuang Zhou and butterflies. It is named after the writer and is a Dream of Red Mansions. "
Bai Juyi's "Qin Zhongyin's righteous marriage" has the antithesis of "a rich girl in a red chamber, a golden thread embroidered with Luo Luo" and "a poor girl in a green window, lonely for more than 20"
"Red Mansion" means a rich family; "Dream" should include the author's life feelings. Opening a book means "after experiencing some dreams", and the sentences of the author's friend "Qinhuai old dreamer is still there" (Dunmin) and "Yangzhou old dream has been felt for a long time" (Duncheng) can also be used for reference.
A Dream of Red Mansions is a masterpiece that appeared in the literary world of Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China feudal society, and became the peak of China's classical novels with its outstanding achievements in ideology and art.
Through the formation and development of Jia Baoyu's rebellious character, the novel reflects the initial democratic thought, equality concept and personality requirements of the Qing Dynasty as a progressive trend of thought. Although it hurts feelings and reconciliation, it also shows that feudal society has festered from the inside and is about to decline.
The novel has broken the traditional thinking and creative techniques, created complex and multi-faceted and prominent characters, and created hundreds of overall image systems. Although this novel is based on the author's personal life experience, it is as real and natural as life itself. A Dream of Red Mansions, with its large life scale and profound description, is known as the encyclopedia of feudal society in China.
This book is the crystallization of traditional culture and the treasure of world literature, ranging from the cold world, national customs, laws and regulations, official etiquette and customs, religious philosophy, to clothing, architectural gardens, piano and chess calligraphy and painting, poetry and drama, food and medicine.
The truth is hidden, and false words are village words.
"conceal the truth, confuse the false with the true" and "when the false is true, it is true and false, doing nothing."
It should be regarded as a special language for the author to express his creative thoughts and methods. It is generally believed that the typical generalization process from life prototype to artistic image also means that the author can avoid the hidden dangers of words. Some researchers suggest that using falsehood to cover up the truth is not limited to the general typicality, but also to understand the special writing methods of this novel, including using falsehood to confuse the truth, waking up the world with truth, complementing each other, linking up, or saying irony, or distinguishing by plane, or using topics, or metaphorically implying, and so on.
. Only in this way can we write works with profound content of "complaining about others" in the form of "children's pen and ink"
Beard and eyebrows
Refers to men. Qing Xu's "The Story of Yuyanlou in the Cave" Volume II: "The ancients called men eyebrows. I tried to ask my friends that men have eyebrows and women don't. Why are husbands called eyebrows? " You can't be right. Open the cloud of "Ming Shi". Dai, Dai Ye, take out your eyebrows and replace them with this picture. Then I learned that ancient women all plucked their eyebrows, so they had to thrush. Although it seems like nothing, my husband can scream. "For the first time, it means" be a man ".
Jinyi wan ku
The clothes of the rich. Shi Pin Qin Feng Zhongnan: Jin Yi Hu Qiu. Hanshu: "Being the son of Wang Xu (the consort of the Han Dynasty), but being the son of a noble." Liang Qing Shaoren's "Essays on Two Yanyu Temple", Volume 5, Ten Thousand Biographies, quoted a sentence from "The Boys' Travel": "Teenagers don't study, their fathers and brothers wear gold seals, and children ride high cars. Teenagers don't learn crops, go out to Wuyi Lane at dusk and drink under brothels. ..... when bad luck goes to the bustling rest ... crying at the east grave. " This poem can be handed down from generation to generation as a dude.
Life, luxury
Song Luyou's "Piling Stones": "The leopard fetus dies every day, and the duckling gives it." Jin Duyu's Preface to Zuo Zhuan: "What a pity."
Sogou doesn't know this bird word.
Frustrated
For the first time, "the crime of being down and out for half one's life", "being down and out" was considered as frustration and decline. Su Shi's "My nephew came to sit at night on Taiping Day": "You wasted half your life because you were down and out." The "down and out" in the third "Down and Out" should be unruly. Wang Ji's Answer to Road flyover Cheng: "I'm down and out, not worldly. Living alone will be self-satisfied; If you pick up the right guest, you will sleep happily. "
Wool rafters and awnings
"History of Han, Art and Literature": "The Mohist school flows, the building keeps the Qing palace, and the thatched cottage is expensive and frugal." "Huai Nan Zi Yuan Dao Xun" "Peng Hu Weng Xuan, Mosang as the pivot." Su Shi's "Huangzhou Kuaizai Pavilion": "It is not happy to send a layman."
Wadu rope bed
Tiles are earthen stoves, and rope beds are simple seats. The Book of Jin Buddhism Biography records that the city's water source is exhausted, and it is clear that "to the source of Gu Quan, sit on the rope bed and burn benzoin, and I am willing to say a hundred words ... The water is so big that the shovel is full". Bai Juyi's Love Poetry: "Sitting on a rope bed, I should have been a poet in my last life." "Xiufanlu": "Today's bed, originally from Shandong, was originally named Hu Bed. Huan Yi dismounted from the bed and took three flutes. Sui Gaozu deliberately avoided Hu, but the equipment involved was salty, so he ordered someone to change it, which was to change the bed, also known as the rope bed. " Zi Tongzhi's "Ji Jian Tang" notes: "The rope bed is a platform for people to sit. It can accommodate the front knee and the back backrest. There are hands on both sides, you can rest your arms and land on all fours. " "Qing Louis": "Hu Chuangshi turned off the pin, and the stalk wore a seat, which shrank for a while and weighed a few pounds. According to legend, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty was very lucky in frequent trips, and ministers drove the car for him. He wanted to have a rest, but he couldn't get rid of himself, so he had an idea. At that time, it was also called Xiaoyao Block. "
Lesson 2 on July 30th.
Si Tong Borg
There are many meanings. (1) the symbol of the author's personality. Dunmin wrote in his poem Painting Stones in Qinyuan that Cao Xueqin expressed his pride by painting stones. Duncheng's "Song of Drinking Horses" has the phrase "Cao Zi laughs and says he is happy, but hits the stone and sings loudly". The author's feeling that it is self-evident that he can restrain siltation is consistent with the stone in "Nothing can fill the sky and complain". (2) Si Tong acts as a narrator in the novel. Because of its stupidity, it became a "psychic Baoyu" and brought it to the protagonist Jia Baoyu, becoming a witness and narrator of the story of A Dream of Red Mansions. This design makes the narrative angle of A Dream of Red Mansions have both the first person and the third person. In Cheng Gaoben, the stone is the precursor of Jia Baoyu, and the two are combined into one, which makes the narrative angle of the novel simple. Some researchers believe that "stone" may also have such a meaning, that is, the location of the story is in Nanjing, which is known as the "stone city". Also, the following is called "Shixiong", it depends. Mi Fei Biography of the History of Song Dynasty: "There is a huge stone in Wuwei Prefecture, which looks very ugly. When I saw it, I was overjoyed and said,' Worship it with clothes and call it brothers. "For reference.
A place of tenderness-brothels
Beauty's tenderness refers to the boudoir embroidery room, or a romantic place. The old title "Biography of Flying Swallows" in Korea: "After the German policy, I entered Germany at night, and the emperor was happy, with the auxiliary body, and I was invincible, which was called' gentle hometown'. He said:' I will always be in my hometown! If you can't help Wu, the emperor wants it more. "Long live, congratulations:' Your Majesty is really a fairy.' "See also Tang Yunxian Miscellaneous Notes. "Gentle country" and "Bai Yunxiang" are opposites, which means that the world is blessed in it. For the first time, the stone touched the hearts of mortals and begged the two immortals to "take their disciples into the world of mortals and enjoy them in the rich fields and gentle villages for several years." The "gentle hometown" here refers to a place where people come and go and are happy.
Stone tape
The original name of A Dream of Red Mansions and most of the early manuscripts of A Dream of Red Mansions are called "Red Yanzhai's Re-evaluation of The Story of the Stone". Jia Xu said in this ordinary example: "The story of the stone is naturally like what the stone records." The text of the novel tells that what is recorded in the book is written on a big stone under Geng Qingfeng, which is a ridiculous cliff in a barren mountain. This stone has experienced vicissitudes of life because of its lack of talent.
Yuefeng Baojian
It is not only a mirror for treating evil thoughts and diseases in the twelfth story in the novel, but also another name of the novel. (1) Ancient mirrors can illuminate demons, ward off evil spirits and cure diseases, which are recorded in many note novels. "Compendium of Materia Medica-Department of Epigraphy" records that "ancient mirrors are pungent and non-toxic, and are mainly used to treat epilepsy, evil spirits and children's evil spirits ... You can refer to this book when you are pregnant. (2) The novel body changed the Story of the Stone to the Story of the Love of the Monk when it was first written. Meixi, the east foot of the sky, inscribed "Yue Feng Treasures". Here is an eyebrow-picking criticism in JOE's book: "Qin Xue's old book" A Treasure Mirror of Yue Feng "is a preface for his brother Tang Cun. Jintang Village has passed away, and I still miss it. " On this basis, some researchers believe that Yue Feng Baojian is a manuscript in the creation of A Dream of Red Mansions, which has been greatly developed and perfected on the basis of Yue Feng Baojian.
Flowers of war mentioned in A Dream of Red Mansions
One of the synonyms of A Dream of Red Mansions. The first famous saying: "Cao Xueqin mourned Hongxuan for ten years and read it, adding and deleting it five times, cataloguing it, and dividing it into chapters, so he took Twelve Women in Jinling as the title." Jia Xu wrote in this ordinary example: "This book is also called Twelve Women in Jinling. If you judge its name, it must be twelve women in Jinling. " So he referred to the 12 women described in the book. Jinling, an ancient city name, is another name for Nanjing today. Twelve Hairpins: Twelve lines of gold hair pins on the head of Yuefu in the Six Dynasties (Song of the River by Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties), with five first steps. The "Twelve Golden Chains" have changed from a reference to a substitute, and it is said that there are many concubines. Yin Jishan, a contemporary of Cao Xueqin, wrote a poem "Loyalty and courage come first": "Where are the twelve golden women going, the new makeup in the palace only draws pictures"; Xie Shijing's "By Yuan Mei (non-attacker)", "Three thousand scrolls fight like running, twelve golden hairpin scare the crows on the temples", all refer to women. There is also a sentence in the "Taiwan Banquet" in Cao Yin's "Continuing Pipa": "There are 3,000 guests at the door, and there are 12 rows of golden hairpin. "Visible" Twelve Golden Hairpins "refers to women. The "Twelve Women in Jinling" in the novel refers to twelve young women, namely Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai, Jia Yuanchun, Jia Tanchun, Shi Xiangyun, Miao Yu, Jia Yingchun, Jia Xichun, Wang Xifeng, Jia, Li Wanhe.
regular customer
Regular customers. "Four Gates of Zhou Li Underground Palace": "The guests from all directions are making trouble here." Jia Yucun told Zhen that "the late students are frequent visitors, so why not".
My greetings/kindness
Modest words are still modest feelings. Liezi Yang Zhu: "In the past, there were beautiful stems (beans), sweet pestle (curly ears) and celery (cress), which they called Xiang Hao. Xiang Hao took it and tasted it. His mouth stung and his stomach felt uncomfortable. When people complain, they feel very ashamed. " Later generations often use "pro-xian", "pro-friendship" and "Qin Jing" as modest words to give gifts or treat guests. In the first episode of A Dream of Red Mansions, Zhen invited a drink on the Mid-Autumn Festival: "Would you like to come to our restaurant for a drink?"
Step on clouds and neon lights
Again, I am rising to the top. Zhen listened to a sad sentence, that is, "signs of soaring have appeared, and it is possible to walk on the Yun Ni in a few days." Above Yun Ni: Metaphor of High Position. Historical Records of Fan Ju Cai Zechuan: "I want Jia Dun to declare the death penalty first and say,' Jia didn't expect you to be above Qingyun'." "
The word "righteousness and benefit"
The Analects of Confucius: "A gentleman is figurative, while a villain is figurative." Yu: Xiao, I understand. Zhen said that "the word' righteousness and benefit' can still be recognized", which means that he is not a person who values profit over righteousness, and is willing to help a gentleman who values money over righteousness and help Yucun go to Beijing to catch the exam.
The centipede will not fall, even if it is dead.
Centipede: Ma Lu, commonly known as Centipede Polypoda. Stiff: Fall. Liang Xiaotong in the Southern Dynasties (selected works) Cao Yun (embarrassed) "On the Six Dynasties": "The husband's spring is exhausted, the flow is exhausted, the roots are rotten and the leaves are withered; Those who flourish shade their roots, and those who fall are lonely. Therefore, as the saying goes,' a hundred-footed insect is neither dead nor stiff'. There are many people to help. Shan Li's note: "Lu Lianzi said: Those who have hundreds of feet can't stop, and many people will stick to it." Kick: Roll and fall. Hold it, hold it: both indicate that there are many insects, so it can support the body. (Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Biography of Wu Lie) also has this saying, in which "not stiff until death" means "not stiff until death". Later, it was often used to describe a prominent and prosperous family or group. Although it has declined, it can still maintain a superficial prosperity for a period of time. The so-called "although the outer shelf didn't fall down much, the inner bag came up." This sentence was quoted from Leng Zixing's first speech at Guo Rong Tower, and was quoted again by Tan Chun when he copied the Grand View Garden in seventy-four.
Be content with your wealth and status.
The text "Mencius with all my heart": "Gentleman's residence is a country, and if it is used, it will be rich. Originally, the monarch appointed sages to make them safe, rich and respected. Later, he described life as comfortable and rich, and his status was noble and glorious. The second time, Leng Zixing said that Jia Fu's "master and servant are up and down, rich people are a dime a dozen, and people who have no plan and no plan". Jia Baoyu advised Tanchun seventy-one times not to think about worldly things. "Wealth is good. "This means content with a rich and glorious life.
Rich but polite
Refers to wealth and being able to do good things according to reason. (The Analects of Confucius: "Zi Gong said:' Poor but not flattering, rich but not arrogant?' Confucius said:' Yes, if you are not poor, you will be happy; Money is polite. Zhu Note: "Flattery, servility; Arrogant. Ordinary people are addicted to the rich and the poor, but they don't know why they should control themselves, so both of them must have their own diseases. Without flattery and arrogance, you know how to control yourself, but you can't surpass the rich and the poor. Who says yes? You can only say what you haven't finished. If you are happy, you will be broad-minded, fat and forget poverty; If you have a good gift, you will be good, you will be happy, and you will not know that you have money. " The second time, Jia Yucun praised Zhen Fu as a "rich and polite family"
The distance that an arrow can reach is about 120 to 50 steps.
It is said that "one arrow away" is about 120 to 150 steps. Song Fayun translated the nominal volume: "One arrow is auspicious, two miles in the cloud, or one hundred and fifty steps in the cloud, or one hundred and thirty steps in the cloud, or one hundred and twenty steps in the cloud." The second time, compared with Xifeng, "Mr. Zhong has regressed", which means that Jia Lian is far less talented than Xifeng.
Timid and invincible (clothes)
Thin, even can't bear the weight of clothes. Sheng Sheng: Prohibition and forbearance. Xunzi ChristianRandPhillips: "Ye Gongzi is tall, small and short. When he leaves, he will be at a loss." In the third time of A Dream of Red Mansions, everyone saw that Daiyu was "timid" and knew that he was lacking.
An absurd statement
Unreasonable and absurd remarks. Hu's Book of Commandments: "Ignorance is speechless, praise is speechless." Daiyu said that when he was young, the monk tried to turn him into a monk and said something casual.
The villain gave in.
Or "hot goods" is the old lady's joking name for Xifeng. "The Water Margin: The Twelfth Time": "It turns out that this man is a famous war of words in Beijing, called Niu Er without caterpillars, who is good at splashing water, attacking and colliding in the street. "
cheap
For example, the third time Mrs. Xing said, "I took my niece, which was also cheap"; 1 1 Reply to Feng Jie, "(Men) It's not cheap here, and I don't know what to do behind it"; Back in Jia Jing, he died. "Shoumu prepared this temple in his early years, which was very cheap", and so on. "Cheap" originally meant worse than death. According to the situation, follow the trend and get rid of the camera. Historical Records Xiao Shijia: "(Xiao) Why should he guard Guanzhong, serve the Crown Prince and rule Oak Yang? This is legally binding ... You can fight, but you can promise to do it, but you can't fight, you can do it cheaply, and you can come up and listen." After "cheap", it means convenient and suitable. In recent days, the sale of goods is cheap, which is called "cheap". The usage and pronunciation in a dream of red mansions are different.
Tired and lazy
Also called "tired", naughty and not tame. Common in traditional Chinese operas and novels. Wu Ming Cheng En Journey to the West 19 Reply: "You are lazier than Marvin". In the third episode of A Dream of Red Mansions, Daiyu didn't see Baoyu, so she wondered, "How did Baoyu become a lazy and unreasonable urchin?"
Make up/make up/make up/make up/make up/configure/make up/make up (a bed)
Unfounded fabrication. The seventh volume of "Popular Compilation" quotes Elvis Presley's "Wild Guest Series": "Dummer thinks that many poems are illegal, so saying that something is unqualified is called fabrication. However, according to Du Tianhe and Du Yuan, Du Zhiyun's words are still false. As the saying goes, brewing thin wine is called du wine, just like weaving. " "Or the cloud has more than 5,000 volumes, but two volumes of Tao Te Ching are true, and the rest were written by Du Tingguang, a Taoist priest in the middle of Shu, so the cloud made it up." The third time Tanchun laughed at Baoyu's so-called "general examination of ancient and modern figures", "I'm afraid it's your invention again."
Go to Greenwood/Shinan Road ―― Become a fugitive
That is, the baby is born, not the meaning of "becoming an outlaw". "A woman is sitting on the grass on the day of giving birth", see "Lights and Windows" quoted from Yi. By extension, babies are called "outlaws" at birth. Jia Baoyu's psychic jade was "taken out of his mouth when he became an outlaw".
bottle gourd
There is a word "gourd mention" in Zhu Yuanzhang's folk saying, which means confused and unknown. It is very common in lyrics. "Flowers and Plants Nazi Compilation" Volume I Li Pingshan's "Water Dragon Hidden" said: "Only wine is respected, not in my heart, gourd is lifted." Dou E's Injustice: "Thinking about Dou E's gourd is a sin, and thinking about Dou E's head is incomplete." The fourth time in A Dream of Red Mansions is a pun, which implies not only the Hulu Temple where the Hulu monk lives, but also the "chaos", and allegorizes the arbitrary judgment later. Jia Xu criticized: "With the word gourd, all the books in Gai Yun mean gourd, which is also a moral point."
Dead trees and cold ashes-total indifference
The language of Zhuangzi? On everything: "A solid form can make it look like wood, but a solid mind can make it look like ashes? "gold? Guo Xiang's note: "The dead beech tree, take its solitary and heartless ear. "In the fourth episode of Dream of Red Mansions, Li Wan said that she was widowed when she was young." In the magnificent scenery, she is like a dying ash, seeing nothing and hearing nothing. "
Official protection symbol
Original by the author, it is a summary of the image of Jia's four powerful families. The figures or lines drawn by Taoist priests in the old days to drive away ghosts and gods and bring misfortune and happiness to people are called symbols. Secular is called "amulet" because it can be used as a kind of power to shelter and rely on. Official protection symbols or new words derived from amulets by authors. Fat comments on the cloud: "The three characters have never been seen before, and they are extremely strange." Qing? Anonymous's "Essay on Reading a Dream of Red Mansions" said: "The word" protecting officials "is quite novel, and there are all clever officials today." The first batch of poems in the fourth chapter of Qi Ben: "Please attach importance to protecting officials and talk sadly about official career;" The author's tears are with me, and Yanshan still has no sinus. " Although the proponents have different emphases and praise its novelty, they are all the same today. During the Warring States Period, Monk once said: "It is not difficult to be a politician, and you must not offend the giant room." ("Mencius? On) In February of the 30th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (169 1), students in Kunshan County, Jiangsu Province paid tribute to Xu and Xu Yuan Wenyun, saying, "If there are gentry, they will be defeated by their wolves and servants; if there are gentry, they will be defeated by them. ..... Because people can't feel at ease, they don't stick to the seats, and they suffer from its poison, so it's hard to be angry. If we have to tell the local authorities that there is a department, the local authorities will treat the gentry as their parents and treat the gentry as the emperor on weekdays. According to Fang Yi, those who seek job protection and recommendation also dare to take great risks. Therefore, I would rather offend the people than blame the gentleman for not daring. " The interpretation of the symbol of official protection in this article and Jia Yucun's arbitrary judgment on the murder case are the artistic reflection of the relationship between officials and gentry in feudal society.
fame
Verbally speaking, the tablet of Jigong is a metaphor for everyone's praise, just like it is engraved on the tablet. Song? Puji's "Five Lights Meeting Yuan" Volume 17 "Taiping Zen Master" said: "I advise you not to carve stubborn stones, and the population on the road is like a monument." In the fourth time in A Dream of Red Mansions, it was said that the "official amulet" was copied from the proverbs and customs of local celebrities. Here, "word of mouth" means oral transmission.
Kill time in cockfighting and horse racing.
Describe the idle life of aristocratic children. Wei? Cao Zhi's Famous City: "There are many witches in famous cities, and Luo Jing teenagers ... cockfighting in the eastern suburbs is a long way." The fourth time, Xue Pan said, "In addition to fighting cocks all day, it is tourism." .
Nenglie
The words "forbearance" and "forbearance" are extended to "will" and "will". Hanshu? Food note: "Long time and deep roots can resist wind and drought", Shigu said: "Can read and endure." The fourth time, "Let's (Xue family) stay first"; The 37th time, "Don't be too rude, girl, you can use it"; 75 times "grandma is not too dirty, this is mine, I can use it", and so on.
Shen and Shang-two irreconcilable friends/relatives who can never see each other again or have alienated each other after separation.
Two stars in business, one out of the other, are often used to describe two people living in two places, unable to meet each other or having emotional disharmony with each other. Qing? Liang Shaoren's Essays on Autumn Rain Temple, Volume 7, Participating in Business: "I don't agree with you. According to Zuo Zhuan:' Move Quebo to Shangqiu, Move Stone to Daxia', one is a star, the other is a star, the name of the star is a star, and the name of Xia Shang is also a place name. Therefore, Fa Yan said,' I can't see the comparison between Chen and Shen.' Su Wu's poem says,' It used to be lovers, but now it's time to participate. Later generations had useful business participants, and they also wrote their own mistakes. In the fifth episode of A Dream of Red Mansions, there are "slightly no business" in Baodai, and they have a harmonious relationship; 15' s reply shows that the Jia family has a large population and different temperament.
If it's not enough, I'll give you some tonight. I haven't tidied up much.