Farewell Xin Jian at the Lotus Pavilion
Tang Dynasty: Wang Changling
Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan!
Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!
translate
It's misty and rainy, and it's all over Wudi River overnight; Seeing you off in the morning, I feel lonely and sad for Chushan!
Friends, if relatives and friends in Luoyang ask about me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin and stick to my beliefs!
To annotate ...
1. Furong Building: Formerly known as Northwest Building, it is in the northwest of Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). Boarding can overlook the Yangtze River and overlook the north of the Yangtze River. According to "Yuanhe County Records", Volume 26, Runzhou, Jiangnan Road, Danyang: "Jin is the secretariat, and the southwest building is called Wansui Building, and the northwest building is called Furong Building." Danyang is located in the southwest of Jiangsu Province, with the Yangtze River in the northeast and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal obliquely intersecting, and belongs to Zhenjiang City. Xin Xian: The poet's friend.
2. Cold rain: cold rain in autumn and winter. Lianjiang: Rainwater is connected with the river surface, indicating heavy rain. Wu: The names of ancient countries generally refer to southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang. During the Three Kingdoms Period in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, the State of Wu belonged to it.
3. Pingming: At dawn. G: It refers to Xin Xian, the author's good friend. Chushan: Chushan. Chu here also refers to Nanjing area, because Wu and Chu ruled here successively in ancient times, so Wu and Chu can be collectively called. Loneliness: Loneliness, being alone.
4. Luoyang: Located in the west of Henan Province, on the south bank of the Yellow River.
Bing Xin is a metaphor for a pure mind. Jade pot, wonderful truth and Taoist concept, especially the natural inaction and nothingness.
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"Cold rainy night into Wu", misty rain enveloped Jiangtian (now Nanjing, the hometown of Sun Wu of the Three Kingdoms). ), woven into an endless net of sadness. Rainy nights add to the bleakness of autumn, and also render the gloomy atmosphere of parting. The chill not only filled the misty rain, but also penetrated the hearts of two parting friends. The characters "Lian" and "Jin" describe the continuous rain. People can clearly perceive the dynamics from the river rain, so it is conceivable that the poet stayed up all night because of his feelings. And this picture of the night rain on the Wujiang River, which connects the water and the sky, just shows an extremely lofty and magnificent realm. In the middle and late Tang poetry and graceful Song poetry, the sound of rain is often written on the phoenix tree under the window, the iron horse in front of the eaves, the residual lotus in the pool, and so on. But Wang Changling didn't really write the details of how to perceive the coming of autumn rain. He just summed up his hearing, vision and imagination into the rain of Lianjiang into Wu, dyed a lot of paper with thin ink, and set off the broad artistic conception of "seeing guests off in plain and bright, leaving Chushan alone", which was full of charm. Early in the morning, it was already dawn, and Xin gradually was about to board the ship and return to the north. Looking at the distant mountains north of the Yangtze River, the poet felt lonely when he thought that his friends would soon disappear outside the Chushan Mountain. On the vast river, of course, it is not only the lonely Chushan that enters the poet's field of vision, but the mighty river is the most likely to arouse special feelings, from which the Tang people get countless famous sentences. However, Wang Changling did not put his sadness on the river that went with his friends, but focused his parting feelings on Chushan, which stands in the vast Ye Ping. Because friends can get together with relatives and friends when they return to Luoyang, the poets who stay in Wudi can only stand by and watch the river flow away like this lonely Chushan. A word "loneliness" is like a fuse of feelings, which naturally leads to the last two parting words: "Luoyang relatives and friends are like asking each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot." The poet held out a bright and pure ice heart from the glittering and translucent empty jade pot to comfort his friends, which can better express his deep affection for relatives and friends in Luoyang than any words of acacia.
As early as the Six Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, Bao Zhao, a poet, used "as clear as a jade pot of ice" ("Poem on a White Head") to describe the noble and innocent character. Since Yao Chong, the prime minister of Kaiyuan, wrote Curse of Curse, poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei, Cui Hao and Li Bai, encouraged themselves by curling, praising the aboveboard curling. The message that Wang Changling gradually brought to relatives and friends in Luoyang was not the usual peaceful bamboo newspaper, but conveyed his belief that he was still honest and clean, which was of great significance.
The poet's self-description here is based on the true understanding and trust between him and his relatives and friends in Luoyang. This is by no means a confession of whitewashing slander, but a boast of despising slander. Therefore, the poet holds a bright and clean ice heart from the flawless empty jade pot to comfort his friends, which can express his deep affection for Luoyang relatives and friends better than any words of acacia.
Emotion moves in the scene and emotion is contained in the scene, which is the common feature of poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, while deep, soft, soothing and "thanking the furnace for the hammer marks" (Hu Yinglin's poems) are the unique styles of Wang's poems. The boundless river rain and lonely mountains in this poem not only set off the sadness and loneliness of the poet when he bid farewell, but also showed the poet's cheerful mind and strong character. The lonely mountain standing in the middle of the river and the image of Bing Xin placed in the jade pot form a kind of intentional or unintentional care, which naturally reminds people of the poet's arrogant, pure and clean image, and blends exquisite ideas and profound intentions into the empty and clear artistic conception, which is naturally muddy, traceless, implicit and memorable.
The original legend in Wang Changling's Book of the New Tang Dynasty is that "his poems are dense and thoughtful". Most of his quatrains have this feature, and this one is no exception, especially the sentence "Luoyang's relatives and friends ask each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot", which is meticulous and accurate, giving people the feeling of ice and jade.
"A piece of ice is in a jade pot", that is, the so-called "self-evident and lofty". Among them, the word "Bing Xin" can be found in Volume 92 of Song Shu: "Bing Xin is greedy for excitement, and the frost is glorious." These are the words of Lu Hui, a good official who was "impartial" and "deeply loved by the people" in the Liu and Song Dynasties. Wang Changling used the word "Bing Xin" to show that he is the same as Lu Huizhi who is "honest and clean, diligent and loving the people, and self-denial". The word "jade pot" can be found in Bao Zhao's Poem on the Generation of Whitehead: "Straight as bamboo rope, clear as jade pot ice". It is a symbol of nobility. In addition, Lu Ji's Ode to the Hero of Emperor Gaozu and Yao Chong's Preface to Curling Discipline are full of loopholes, with a clear foundation, and people who understand them are classified. So the ice inside is clear and the outside is moist. This gentleman's virtue of curling also generally means "not bound by official feelings" Wang Changling's famous sentence not only contains the meanings of "Bing Xin", "Jade Pot", "If the heart is pregnant with ice" and "Jade Pot's virtue", but also expresses his character and virtue deeply and implicitly.
Wang Changling
Wang Changling (698-756) was born in Jinyang, Hedong (now Taiyuan, Shanxi). A famous frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, later generations praised him as the "Seven Wonders". Early poverty, trapped in farming, near but not confused. The first secretary of the provincial school, Lang, also learned from the macro words, and awarded Si Shuiwei, who was relegated to Lingnan because of things. There are Li Bai, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Wang Zhihuan and Cen Can. At the end of Kaiyuan, he returned to Chang 'an and awarded Jiangning Cheng. The slandered dragon captain. An Shi rebelled and was killed by Lu Qiu's secretariat. His poems are famous for their four wonders, especially those written in the northwest frontier before he won the first place, and have the reputation of "Poet Wang Jiangning" (also known as "Poet Wang Jiangning").