Five Autumn Poems of Changxin
Wang Changling
Series: Ancient Poems about Describing Autumn
Five Autumn Poems of Changxin< /p>
First
The autumn leaves of Jinjing sycamore are yellow,
The bead curtain does not curl up when frost comes at night.
The jade pillow in the smoked cage has no color,
I lie down and listen to Nangong Qingluo.
Second
The autumn anvil in the high hall rings at night,
The deep frost still reminds me of the cold clothes.
The tailor with silver lanterns and green clothes rested,
and looked at the Lord of Jincheng.
The third one
The golden palace is opened with a broom,
and the fan is lingering for a while.
The jade face is not as beautiful as the color of a jackdaw,
It still carries the shadow of the sun.
Fourth
I have been thinking about it for a long time if my life is really bad.
I dreamed that the king was suspicious.
The fire shines in the West Palace and you know how to drink at night.
It is clear that you can restore your way and worship your kindness.
Fifth
The moon is bright in the Mid-Autumn Festival at Changxin Palace,
The sound of His Royal Highness Zhaoyang pounding clothes.
There are fine traces of grass in the white dew hall,
There is overwhelming emotion in the red tent.
Appreciation
Part 1
The autumn leaves of Jinjing sycamore are yellow, and the bead curtain is not rolled up by the night frost. The jade pillow in the fumigation cage has no color, and I can lie down and listen to Nangong Qing's long leakage.
This palace resentment poem uses deep and subtle writing methods and adopts the technique of using scenery to express emotions. It describes a girl who has been deprived of her youth, freedom and happiness, and how she feels in the desolate and lonely palace. The scene of lying alone and listening to uterine leakage. This is a sleepless night cut from the girl's tragic life.
In this sleepless night, the person in the poem is full of worries and knots of sorrow. She should be filled with endless resentment. There are only four sentences in this poem, with a total of twenty-eight words. It can be said that even if every word is filled with resentment, I am afraid it still cannot express her resentment. However, the author did not hesitate to use the first three sentences to describe the scenery, leaving only the last sentence to describe the characters, and there was no explicit expression of resentment in this last sentence. Written in this way, at first glance it seems that it has strayed away from the theme of the poem, but in fact it is more powerful in terms of artistic effect and expresses the theme more profoundly. This is because: although the first three sentences describe the scene, they do not describe the scene for the sake of describing the scene. They serve the appearance of the final character. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the four lines of the poem are integrated into a whole. Regardless of the description of the scene or the person, they all serve to express resentment.
This poem is titled "Autumn Ci". Its first sentence breaks the theme with the sycamore trees beside the well and the yellow spots of autumn leaves, which also play the role of exaggerating the color and setting off the atmosphere. It introduces readers into a bleak and lonely environment at the beginning. In the second sentence, the bead curtain is not rolled up and the night is cold and frosty, indicating that it is late at night, thus describing the environment as more desolate. Next, the poem turns indoors. There should be many indoor scenes to write about, but the author only selected two utensils. He writes about the smoked cage to further enhance the atmosphere of the cold night in the palace; he writes about the jade pillow to remind people of the loneliness of a sleepless person on the bed. The author also uses the word "colorless" to describe the smoke cage and jade pillow. This is both real writing and virtual writing. Real description, firstly, it shows that this is a cold palace, the utensils in the room are old and the colors are dim; secondly, it shows that it is late at night, the fire and lights are weak, and the surrounding objects are eclipsed. Dummy writing does not necessarily mean that the object itself is "colorless", but rather the subjective feeling of the person who owns the object, which is a reflection of her gloomy mood. At this point, the person in the poem is ready to speak out.
Finally, the reader finally sees a lonely and sleepless girl beside the smoke cage and on the jade pillow. At this time, when I looked back at the first three lines of the poem, I realized that the author was writing far away and gradually shrinking. The poem starts from the outdoor well, to the beaded curtain between the door, and then to the indoor smoke cage and the jade pillow on the bed. From far to near, the scenery changes every sentence, and the sentences move around, finally guiding the reader's sight to one point. , focusing on the heroine. In this way, the character's appearance is not only smooth and smooth, but also effective in attracting and developing.
After using thick ink and heavy strokes to paint the background and describe the environment, thus forcing the characters to emerge, the author only uses an objective narrative tone in the last line of the poem to describe that the heroine is lying in bed listening to uterine leakage. The way of expression is to have a case without a conclusion, to hold back but not to speak out, and to express the resentment without revealing it. The focus of the sleepless man in this sentence is the missing sound, and it is also the missing sound that attracts everyone's attention. It is on the missing sound that the author uses a dark pen to reveal his resentment and express the theme. He used the character "清" before the missing sound and the character "长" after the missing sound. This is a hint: because the people in the poem are in a desolate mood and can't sleep with sorrow, they feel that the leaking sound is desolate and long. At the same time, this poem also pointed out that the leaking sound heard came from the Nangong, the emperor's residence. The word "Nangong" is the finishing touch in the whole poem. It highlights the resentment of the people in the poem. The clever use of these hidden pens and the writing method of hiding resentment between the lines make the poem more profound, leaving endless meaning and subtext at the end of the poem.
Third
Hold the broom to open the Ming Dynasty Golden Palace, and temporarily put back the round fan. The jade face is not as bright as the color of a jackdaw, but still carries the shadow of the sun.
There is an article "Song of Resentment" in the ancient Yuefu poems. The words are: "The newly cracked Qiwansu is as bright as frost and snow. It is cut into an acacia fan, and the clusters are like the bright moon. When you go in and out of your arms, The breeze is shaking. I am always afraid that the autumn festival will come, and the coolness will overtake the heat. I will abandon the donation basket, and the kindness will be cut off. "This poem is said to have been written by Ban Jieyu, who saw the abandonment of the autumn fan as an example of the interruption of the king's kindness. This poem by Wang Changling writes about the depressed life and resentment of court women. It exaggerates the meaning of "Song of Resentment" and uses the story of "Long Letter" to reflect the life of court women in the Tang Dynasty.
In the first two sentences of the third poem, it is said that the sky is dawning and the Golden Palace has been opened, so I pick up the broom and engage in cleaning. This is a stereotyped work and life every day; apart from cleaning, there is nothing else. , holding a round fan in hand and wandering around, this is a moment of leisure and contemplation. Wandering refers to the uncertainty of mood, and fanning means the sadness of falling out of favor. Saying "Qiejiang" shows even more loneliness and boredom. Only this fan in the sleeve has the same fate, and can just wander around and have sex.
The last two sentences further use a clever metaphor to express the grievances of the palace maid, still following the story of Ban Jieyu. Zhaoyang, Han Palace, is where Sister Zhao Feiyan lives. It was autumn, so the crow was called jackdaw. In ancient times, the sun was used as a metaphor for the emperor, so the shadow of the sun refers to the king's kindness. Jackdaws can fly over the Zhaoyang Palace, so they still have the shadow of Zhaoyang's sun on their bodies. However, they live deep in Changxin and the king never pays attention to them. Although they have a face as white as jade, they are not as good as the old crows who are all black. . What she resents is that she is not only inferior to other people of the same kind, but also inferior to an alien creature - a small, ugly crow. According to the general situation, "personification must be based on its ethics", that is, the beautiful is compared with the beautiful, and the ugly is compared with the ugly. However, the whiteness of the jade face and the blackness of the crow's feathers are extremely different; not only are they not similar, but they are opposites. Comparisons enhance readers' feelings. Because if they are both jade-faced, even though they are slightly superior to each other, they may not be very different. Then, her resentment and unwillingness will not be so profound. The upper word is "less than", and the lower word is "yue". ”, expressing in a euphemistic and implicit way what is actually a very deep resentment. All these make this poem a masterpiece of palace resentment poetry.
Meng Chi's "Changxin Palace" is very similar to this poem: "Where do you want to go after your kindness has been exhausted? There is still lingering fragrance in the dancing clothes. I hate that I am not as light as a swallow, and I still wrap around the imperial curtain when spring comes." Fly." The first sentence is about gaining favor and falling out of favor. "Where do you want to go?" points out the feeling of uncertainty about the future. The second sentence is sentimental about things, and looks at the old dance clothes. The lingering fragrance is still there, but there is no chance to wear it again. It can be used to win the favor of the king. The last two sentences use a metaphor to illustrate that being in a cold palace and unable to see the king's face again is worse than a light swallow, which can always fly around the imperial curtain every spring. The comparison is not with the favored concubine, but with the ignorant swallow, to show the depth of resentment. The conception is also very clever and touching.
But if you compare it with Wang Shi, you can find the similarities, differences and gaps between them. Both poems are written in a profound way, not saying that oneself is inferior to others, but lamenting that people are inferior to things. This is the same. But the swallow is light and beautiful, similar to the beauty, while the jackdaw is ugly and vulgar, the opposite of the jade face. Therefore, Wang Shi's metaphor appears to be more profound and creative. This is one. Secondly, it is clearly stated that self-hate is not as powerful as a swallow flying around the imperial curtain, and the meaning is clear at a glance; but the description of jackdaws with the shadow of the sun is not only a realistic description of the scenery, but also uses the shadow of the sun as a metaphor for the king's kindness. There is an extra layer of twists and turns, and the meaning is richer. . The former is a matter of inheritance and creation of the metaphor itself, and the latter is a matter of the depth or thickness of the metaphor's meaning. Therefore, although Meng Chi's poem is also a good work, it is dwarfed by Wang's poems.
Fourth
I have been thinking about it for a long time, but I dreamed that the king was suspicious. When the fire shines in the West Palace, you will know when you are drinking at night.
It also expresses the resentment of disgraced concubines and expresses their deep inner pain. However, in Wang Changling's works, there are few artistic similarities. The fourth poem has more direct lyricism and detailed psychological characteristics.
The first sentence goes straight to the point, describing the inner activities of the disgraced concubine. "What a bad fate" means that he unexpectedly turned out to be a disgraced person with an unfortunate fate. This beginning seems a bit abrupt, making people feel that there are many omissions. It seems that she was the favored one not long ago. However, whether a concubine is favored or not often depends on the monarch's temporary likes and dislikes, or purely by chance. Therefore, these concubines who have no control over their own destiny especially believe in fate. If you gain favor, you will be lucky; if you lose favor, you will have bad luck. And even when he is favored, he always lives in fear, fearing that the bad luck of falling out of favor will suddenly befall him. The four words "really miserable life" are like a heavy sigh deep in the heart of this disgraced palace concubine. She was always worried about bad luck coming, and when the bad luck finally fell on her head, she was both unbelievable and had to suffer painfully. The complex psychology of admission was revealed. This kind of psychological portrayal is very inclusive.
After the fate of falling out of favor came, she fell into long thought. When one enters a "dream" due to "thinking", the dream relives the joys of the past, expresses the hope for destiny, the fantasy of the monarch, and reweaves the phantom of being favored in one's own heart. But after all, dreams cannot replace reality. When I wake up, what I see in front of me is still the lonely Changxin Palace, the autumn leaves of sycamore trees, the frost on bead curtains at night, and the long and desolate sound of the copper pot leaking. Then I had to suspect that my lucky hope was just an unrealizable dream.
The above two sentences depict the heroine's tortuous and complex psychology in a meticulous and layered way.
At the moment when this disgraced person was turning from thoughts to dreams, from dreams to doubts, and was suffering from mental pain, a brightly lit scene appeared to her in the nearby West Palace. Needless to say, at this moment, the West Palace is having an all-night banquet again, reenacting the scene of "Pingyang Singing and Dancing for New Beloved". This scene was so familiar to her that it immediately evoked the memory of her "new favor", as if she had returned to the time when she received the monarch's favor in the Fudao (the elevated passage between the palace pavilions). day. But all this has become so far away at this moment. Although the scene of Cheng Chong is repeated, the gorgeous Nishi Palace has changed to a new owner. The word "Mingming" has a lot of meaning and is very interesting. It contains the vivid memories and infinite pursuit of the past in the loneliness and desolation of the disgraced person. It also contains the deep emotion and infinite regret that the past cannot be restored. It also reveals the profound sadness that cannot be looked back on the past.
There are several contrasts implicit here. The first level is the comparison between those who have fallen out of favor and those who have gained new favor. The first level is the contrast between the joy of being "recovered and serving grace" in the past and the desolation of being in the cold palace now. There is another level, which is the contrast between the new benefactor's present and the misfortune she may encounter in the future. The new benefactor is repeating his past today, so how can he know that his present will not be repeated in the future? This meaning is hidden deeper, but it can be understood.
These multiple contrasts show the complex emotions of the disgraced concubine when she witnesses the lights and fire shadows of the night drinking in the West Palace in an extremely delicate and profound way. "It's gratuitous and endlessly playful", but it doesn't make people feel that it is deliberately carved or painted with force. The poet seems to be just telling the scene that the heroine sees and naturally associates with it. He only uses the two words "know" and "clearly" to slightly reveal some information about the inner activities. The rest is all contained in the blending. Let readers explore and appreciate the poetic artistic conception by themselves. Because of this, this poem with its direct lyricism and detailed psychological characteristics can be kept secret and maintain Wang Changling's consistent style of implicitness and subtlety.
Part Five
The moon is bright in the Mid-Autumn Festival at Changxin Palace, and the sound of His Royal Highness Zhaoyang's clothes is pounding. There are traces of grass in the white dew hall, and there is overwhelming emotion in the red tent.
This is a poem expressing palace resentment. Zhaoyang Palace is the palace where Zhao Feiyan lived when he was favored in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, Zhaoyang Palace was used to refer to the favored concubines. Changxin Palace was the palace where Ban Jieyu, the concubine who fell out of favor when Zhao Feiyan was favored, lived. Later, it generally referred to the concubine who fell out of favor.
The last two sentences use contrast to describe the completely different gap between falling out of favor and gaining favor. The thin traces of grass in the Bailu Hall refer to the coldness, overgrown weeds, and desolation of the palace, which makes the characters look very Resentment.
The overwhelming feeling in the red tent refers to the favored concubine who hangs the red curtain in the palace and talks softly to the king, feeling very comfortable and endlessly affectionate.
From a female perspective, Wang Changling used contrast to vividly depict the world of difference between a concubine who fell out of favor and a concubine who gained favor, which is a rare theme in palace resentment poems. My deepest sympathy to those concubines.