Author: Du Fu
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Translation:
The wind is urgent and the sky is high, and the birds are hovering on the river with clear water and white sand, which is very sad.
Endless trees are rustling leaves, and endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
Sad to autumn, I feel that Wan Li has been wandering all the year round and has been sick all his life. Today, he is alone on the high platform.
After a lot of hardships, white hair covers the temples, and poverty hangs a cup of sorrow.
2. On Du Fu's translation of ancient Chinese, Du Fu has beautiful words. His five-character poems, such as Northern Expedition, Shu Huai, Newly Married and Old Age, are based on the format of the predecessors, but the tunes are self-created. His five-character poems and seven-character poems are widely known, which were not only popular between Huang Gong and Yuan Dynasty, but also did not refer to his works in Cang Sang's poems in Song Dynasty and the beautiful poems in Yuan Dynasty. His classical poetry is unconventional, while his modern poetry draws on the strengths of many schools, which is the advantage of Du Fu's poetry.
Li Bai is good at singing writing; Du Fu is good at writing modern poems. Li Bai's change lies in the rhyme of poetry, while Du Fu's change lies in the connotation and style. But there is no fixed format, and there is room for development. Modern poetry, on the other hand, has rules that are hard to change. The former is superior in sound and rhyme, condensed in a poem, and easy to have nothing to write; The latter has far-reaching artistic conception and unique style. At first, it felt bland, but there was a lot of room to play. This is the difference between two people.
Poets such as Li Bai and Meng Haoran are good at writing metrical poems in the form of classical poems, and many emperors and literati are also good at this style. Writing ancient poems in the form of regular poems seems to lower the style, which is the problem of Du Fu's poems. (Wang Shizhen's "Recalling Yuan's Last Words")
3. Du Fu's poems, classical Chinese "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower" In the spring of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu went out of Kuizhou Gorge and wandered in Jiangling and public security because of the mutiny.
This winter, Du Fu went to Yueyang from the police. This poem was written after boarding Yueyang Tower. The poet wrote the extraordinary momentum of Wang Yang in Dongting Lake, which also touched the scene and hurt him, and wrote his own bleak and lonely life, which reflected the poet's anxiety and concern about the current situation.
The rhyme of the whole poem is accurate, and it is set off before and after, which is seamless. Up the Mountain was written by Du Fu in the autumn of the second year of Dali (767) when he was in Kuizhou.
Kuizhou is on the bank of the Yangtze River. The whole poem tells the poet's complex feelings of wandering, old illness and loneliness for many years through mountaineering, which is impassioned and touching.
Yang Lun praised this poem as "the first of Du Ji's seven-character poems" (Du Shi Jing Quan), and Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" is even more amazing, and it is the highest of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times. In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), nine armies surrounded An Qingxu in Yecheng. Due to the disunity of command, the whole army was defeated by Shi Siming reinforcements.
In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan.
From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials.
The theme of the whole poem is to expose the brutality of officials and reflect the sufferings of the people through the image description of "officials arresting people at night"
4. Introduce Du Fu's Book of the Old Tang Dynasty and Du Fu's Classical Chinese Biography. Du Fu, a native of Xiangyang, moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province.
Great-grandfather followed the art and finally made his position. Zu Shen Yan, the last member of the catering department, has his own biography.
When my father is free, he will eventually serve heaven. Fu Tianbao should be a scholar at first.
At the end of Tianbao, "three gifts" were presented. Xuanzong, curious, called for a trial essay and awarded Jingzhao the prefect Cao to join the army.
In fifteen years, Lushan was trapped in the capital, and Su Zong surrendered Lingwu. Just fled to Hexi from Shijing Night, lived in Pengyuan County, and worshipped the right to collect bones.
When you are dressed in clothes, charitable, and prime minister, ask yourself to be a thief, and the emperor will agree. That year 10, the soldiers were obliquely defeated by Chen Tao.
Next spring, I will say goodbye. It's not appropriate to dismiss a person who is just careless and talented.
When Su Zong was angry, he was dismissed as the secretariat, and just joined the army as the Four Duke of Huazhou. When Guanji was in chaos, food in the valley was expensive and he lived in Tonggu County, Chengzhou. His salary is paid by himself, and his children are starving.
For a long time, it was called filling Zhao Jingfu's meritorious deeds. In the winter of the second year of Shang Yuan, Huang Men and Zheng Guogong, assistant ministers of Yanwu Town, played as ministers of the Ministry of Industry and gave flying fish bags.
Both Wu and Fu are old and have long treatment. Just arrogant, reckless, arrogant.
Taste the martial arts drunken bed and stare at wuyue: "Yan Ting has this son!" "Although martial arts is very violent, they are not embarrassed. I just planted bamboo and trees in Huanhua, Chengdu, built a house and slept by the river, drinking and chanting, and swinging with the fields.
Yanwu, sometimes not a crown, is a proud birthday. In the summer of the first year of Yongtai, he became a soldier and was helpless.
However, Chengdu, the town of Daiwu, Guo Yingai and the British soldiers were rude and incompetent, so they traveled to Sichuan according to high standards. When you come, it's appropriate to die.
It was the age when Cui Ning killed Yingwa and Yang Zilin attacked Xichuan, causing chaos in Shu. It's just that he followed his family to avoid the chaos of Jing and Chu, and took a boat down the gorge. It was not the chaos of the boat and Jiangling, but he went back along the Hunan River, traveled to Hengshan Mountain and lived in Leiyang.
I just tasted the Yue Temple, but I was blocked by the raging water and couldn't eat for ten days. Nie Lingzhi from Leiyang got off the boat and returned.
In the second year of Yongtai, he spit beef and white wine and died in Leiyang overnight at the age of 59. Zi Zongwu lived in Huxiang and died.
Yuan Hezhong, the son of Zongwu, moved to Leiyang and was buried in front of shouyangshan in the northwest of Yanshi County. (Excerpted from Old Tang Book? Du Fu was originally from Xiangyang and later moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province.
Great-grandfather Du, the official position finally went to Gong County as a county magistrate. Grandfather Du, the official position finally went to Yuanwailang in the food and beverage department, and had a biography.
Father Du Xian, the official position finally arrived at the county magistrate of Fengtian County. Du Fu failed to get into Jinshi in Tianbao's early years.
At the end of Tianbao, I presented three gifts of my own-Fu. Xuanzong thought this poem was very well written, so he asked him to take the composition test and sealed him as a soldier Cao of Jingzhao House.
In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, An Lushan captured the capital, and Su Zong recruited soldiers in Lingwu. Du Fu fled from Beijing to Hexi area at night, and met Su Zong in Pengyuan County, where he was named the right addendum.
Fang Yi had a good relationship with Du Fu in civilian times. At that time, Fang Yi served as prime minister and asked Su Zong to personally lead the army to fight traitors. The emperor allowed him. In October this year, Fang's army was defeated.
The following spring, Yan was dismissed as prime minister. Du Fu said that Gui Fang is still talented and should not be deleted.
Su Zong was furious, and he was sent down to the secretariat, driving Du Fu out of Beijing and joining the army as a senior official in Zhongzhou. At that time, Beijing was in turmoil, and food suddenly became very expensive. Du Fu lived in Tonggu County, Chengzhou, and had to carry firewood to collect oak chestnuts. Several children starved to death.
After a while, he was recalled as a Gongcao of Jingzhao House. In the winter of the second year of Shang Yuan, assistant minister Huang Men and Yanwu Zheng Guogong guarded Chengdu, told the emperor that Du Fu was appointed as the staff officer of our time and Yuan Wailang of Shangshu Industry Department, and gave him a fish bag.
Yanwu and Du Fu are family friends, and they are very kind to Du Fu. However, Du Fu was narrow-minded and impetuous, with little tolerance, and indulged himself with kindness.
Once I got drunk and boarded the sofa in Yanwu, staring at Yanwu and saying, "Your father Yan Ting has a son like you!" Although Yanwu is impatient and violent, he doesn't think he is disobedient. Du Fu planted bamboo in Huanhua Village, Chengdu, built a house with the Yangtze River under his pillow, drank and sang, and hung out in the fields with some rude husbands.
Yanwu went to visit him, and sometimes he didn't wear an official hat. He is so arrogant and careless. In the summer of the first year of Yongtai, Yanwu died and Du Fu was helpless.
When he arrived in Guo Yingai to guard Chengdu instead of Yanwu, Yingying was a soldier. He was very rude. Du Fu couldn't visit him, so he went to Shu Dong to be with Gao Shi. When he arrived, Gao Shi died.
This year, Cui Ning killed Yingwa, Yang Zilin captured surprisingly, and Shu was in chaos. Du Fu took his family to Jingchu area to escape the war and went down to the Three Gorges by boat, but Jiangling was in turmoil before landing, so he went upstream along the Xiangjiang River, traveled to Hengshan and lived in Leiyang.
Du Fu once played in Yuemiao Temple in Leiyang, but he was blocked by the flood and could not eat for more than ten days. Nie Ling of Leiyang learned the news and rowed a boat to welcome Du Fu back.
In the second year of Yongtai, Du Fu ate beef liquor and died overnight in Leiyang at the age of 59. Du Fu, a Book of the New Tang Dynasty, is the original text, with beautiful words, little poverty and no self-vibration. It is a tour of wuyue and Zhao Qi.
Li Yong's wonderful material, go and have a look first. I was admitted to the Jinshi, but I missed the first place and was trapped in Chang 'an.
In the thirteenth year of Tianbao, Xuanzong presented the Taiqing Palace, temples and suburbs, and just wrote three poems. The emperor was surprised, so he made Jixian Academy as an envoy, ordered the Prime Minister to try writing, refused to worship, and changed his right back to lead Cao Cao to join the army.
On the number of tributes, he claimed to be Tao because of his high position, saying, "I forgive my predecessors, and I have been a Confucian official for the eleventh time since then. I have tried my best to judge my words and show the Han Sect with my words." Minister Lai Xuye was resigned at the age of seven and was naked for forty years. He often delivers meals to people, fearing that he will turn to death and will be pitied by the emperor.
If we stick to the story of the first minister for a long time, the story of the minister is not enough to advocate the Six Classics, but when Shen Yu is frustrated, he can always give it to Yang Xiong and Gao Mei. If there is such a minister, will your majesty bear it? "Lushan mountain chaos, the son of heaven into shu, to avoid sanchuan.
Sue, since she left Zhangzhou, wanted to run away and was earned by thieves. In the second year of Zhide, Fengxiang died and went to worship, worship power and pick up bones.
Make friends with the house, take Dong as the guest, and stop being the prime minister. He just said, "There is no punishment for sin, and it is not appropriate to exempt ministers."
The emperor was angry and asked the third division. Prime Minister Zhang Gao said, "If you just make amends, you will make a slip of the tongue."
The emperor is the solution. Just after thanking him, he said, "I am the prime minister, and I seldom pretend to be an alcoholic and a Confucian. I have the figure of a minister. When it comes to Yan Xu, I can be as good as a public assistant. Your majesty is responsible for this.
Looking at it deeply, it means color, but naturally it is lost in simplicity. Cool guqin lovers.
5. In Du Fu's poems, Du Fu, a classical stone trench official in China, threw himself into the stone trench village at dusk, and officials arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. Why are officials angry? Why do women cry? After listening to his wife, he said, "Three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although the old woman is weak, please come back at night.
If you are in a hurry to serve Shirley in the river and Yang, you might as well prepare the meal in the morning. "Night long voice, such as the smell of crying.
Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone. In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (759), six hundred thousand troops from nine provinces including Guo Ziyi surrounded Yecheng Anqingxu. Due to the disunity of command, the whole army was defeated by Shi Siming reinforcements.
In order to supplement the troops, the Tang Dynasty forcibly arrested people from Luoyang West to Tongguan as soldiers, and the people were miserable. At this time, Du Fu is returning to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan.
From what I saw and heard along the way, I wrote "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Li Shihao is one of the three officials.
The theme of the whole poem is to expose the brutality of officials and reflect the sufferings of the people through the image description of "officials arresting people at night". The first four sentences can be regarded as the first paragraph.
The first sentence "cast stone ditch village at dusk", come straight to the point and tell the story directly. The words "dusk", "vote" and "village" need to be pondered, so don't let them go easily.
In feudal society, due to social disorder and desolate journey, tourists "stay while there is still time", not to mention in the era of war and disaster! Du Fu, on the other hand, hurried to a small village for the night at dusk. This unusual scene is very enlightening. It is conceivable that he either didn't dare to go this way at all; Or the nearby towns are empty and have nowhere to rest; Or ..... In short, a few words not only pointed out the time and place of stay, but also told the whole story about the panic, restlessness and everything out of the normal track, which provided a typical environment for the performance of tragedy.
Pu Qilong pointed out that this poem "A tiger catches people" ("Reading Du Xin Jie") is not only about "arresting people at the official night", but also about the environment of the first sentence. The sentence "arresting people at the night of being an official" is the outline of the whole article, and the following plots all come from here.
Saying "arresting people" instead of "recruiting soldiers", "counting soldiers" and "recruiting soldiers" is exposed and criticized in the truthful description. Coupled with the word "night", the meaning is even richer.
First, it shows that the government's "arresting people" often happens, and people hide or resist during the day and cannot "catch" them; Second, it shows that the means of "arresting people" by county officials is vicious, and they make a sudden attack at night when the people have fallen asleep. At the same time, the poet threw himself into Shihao Village at dusk. Several hours have passed from dusk to night, and of course he has fallen asleep by this time. So he didn't take part in the later activities, but heard them through the door.
The phrase "the old man crosses the wall and the old woman goes out" shows that the people have suffered from Ding for a long time and have no peace day and night; Even in the middle of the night, I still fidgeted. As soon as I heard the noise outside the door, I knew that the county officials had come to "arrest people" again. The old man immediately fled over the wall, and the old woman opened the door to deal with it. These sixteen sentences can be regarded as the second paragraph, from "why do officials get angry when they shout" to "it is better to prepare for cooking in the morning"
"History is called a what anger! Why do women cry! " In two sentences, the sharp contradiction between "official" and "female" is summarized extremely incisively and vividly, and written vividly. A "shout", a "cry", an "anger" and a "bitterness" form a strong contrast; The two adverbials "Yihe" add a sense of * * *, effectively rendering the violent momentum of the county magistrate, clamoring for sudden death, and creating an angry atmosphere for the old woman's complaint below.
The two sides of the contradiction have a master-slave and causal relationship. "Why do women cry" is forced by "why do officials cry and get angry".
Below, the poet no longer writes "official call", but writes "women cry" and "official call" to see himself. "Listen to your wife first" is a link between the preceding and the following.
That "listening" is the poet's "listening" and that "delivering a speech" is the old woman's "bitter cry" in response to the county magistrate's "angry cry". Thirteen poems with the content of "making a speech" have changed their rhymes many times, with obvious turning points, suggesting that county officials "shouted angrily" and pressed the topic many times.
When reading these thirteen poems, don't think that the "old woman" said them all at once, while the county officials are all ears. In fact, "Why are officials angry?" Why do women cry? "Not only at the beginning of the activity, but also until the end of the activity.
It is the first turning point from "three people guarding Yecheng" to "the dead are gone". As you can imagine, this is the first time that county officials have forced questions and complaints.
Before this, the poet once wrote about the county officials catching tigers and arresting people with the phrase "officials catch people at night". When the old woman went out to see it, she jumped in. The thief looked everywhere, but couldn't find a man. She closed her eyes.
Then he shouted, "Where are all the men in your family? Hand it over! " The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons are soldiers guarding Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! ..... "Tears, maybe the county officials don't believe it, but also take out the letter to the county officials.
In short, "the living drag out an ignoble existence, and the dead are long gone!" " The situation is sympathetic enough, and she hopes to win the sympathy of county officials and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " She had to complain about this: "There is no one in the room, only the nursing children."
These two sentences may not be said at once, because there is an obvious contradiction between "no one" and the following answer. The reasonable explanation is: the old woman said first: "There is no one at home!" " "At this time, hiding somewhere in the daughter-in-law's arms, my grandson was scared to cry by the roar, but it didn't help to cover his mouth.
So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened: "How dare you lie! Isn't there a child crying? " The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " "Who eats milk? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " What the old lady was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " ("Grandma didn't go, the skirt didn't end", and some notebooks read "Grandma is not easy to get out, and the official didn't end the skirt", which shows that the county official wants her to come out.
6. History of Poetry Du Fu's Classical Chinese Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and later moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. [1][2] Shao Ling Ye Lao, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also called "Du Li" with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. [ 1]
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu. [
7. Ancient poems about friendship, or sentences in ancient Chinese are also acceptable. Tang sent Du to Shu, across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river, and said goodbye. The two officials ran counter to each other. However, there was an inseparable friendship between heaven and earth. There's nothing wrong with it. Children touch towels. In "Parting" by Lu Guimeng in the Tang Dynasty, the husband did not shed tears to alienate each other. Zhang Jian toasted, ashamed of the prodigal son. A poisonous snake is a kind of snake. How sighing it is to leave. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was about to leave by boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun's Farewell to Meng Haoran on the Way to Yangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. The old friend is far from the Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks will go down to Yangzhou in March, and the sail is far away, only the Yangtze River is in the sky. In "Farewell" by Li Bai in Tang Dynasty, there is a blue mountain line in the north and a white water line in the east. Here you have to leave me and float away, like a loose grass floating for hundreds of miles. I will think of you in the clouds, so I think of me in the sunset and wave my hand. Lying high in the sand dune city, there are ancient trees on the edge of the city, and autumn sounds are heard every day. Lu wine can't be drunk, you can sing for nothing. If you think of a gentleman, you can only travel to the south. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling's "Farewell to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji" entered Wu on a cold rainy night to bid farewell to Chushan. Relatives and friends in Luoyang asked each other, and there was ice in the jade pot. To Li Bai at the End of the Sky by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, a cold wind blew in the distant sky. What are you thinking, old friend? The geese never answer me. Rivers, lakes and seas are flooded by rain. Poets should beware of prosperity. However, the devil will haunt the wanderer and throw poems at him. He threw himself into the river there. Du Fu bid farewell to General Yan of the Tang Dynasty at the station. This is where your comrades must leave you and turn at the foot of these purple mountains. I wonder when we can lift our cups again, just like we walked on the moon last night. , the region is mumbling farewell, to one who was honoured through three reigns, living alone in Jiangcun, lonely and disabled. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei Acropolis looked down on rainy Shanghai, and the guest houses were green and willow-colored. I advise you to have another glass of wine, because there is no reason for people to go abroad. In the Tang dynasty, Wang Wei's red beans were born in the south and spring came.