What are the rhetorical devices commonly used in writing?

1. What are the rhetorical devices commonly used in narrative writing and their expressive functions? 1. Knowledge sorting, metaphor, parallelism, exaggeration, personification, repetition, duality, quotation, contrast, rhetorical question and rhetorical question and their expressive functions: 1, [metaphor] (definition): describing things or. Use other similar things or reasons for analogy. (Function): Using metaphors to describe or render the characteristics of things can make things vivid, concrete and sensible, giving people a vivid and profound impression. Using simple and common things to express profound truth can help people understand it deeply, and using metaphors to clarify the truth can make the truth easy to understand and visualize the language. For example, leaves have high water content. Like a slim skirt. 2. [personification] (definition): write things as adults and give things human actions or thoughts and feelings. (Function): Personalize specific things and visualize the language. [Example] For example, oil flies sing here and crickets play the piano here. 3. [exaggeration] (definition) expresses some strong thoughts and feelings. (Function): Reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power, and cause the association effect. (For example) Like white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is as long as long. 4. (Duality) (Definition): Arrange two phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, equal words and related meanings in pairs. (Function): The form is neat. Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach. 5. [Parallelism] (Definition): It is a rhetorical way to compare three or more phrases or sentences with the same or similar structure, related content and consistent tone to enhance language potential and deepen feelings. (Function): Parallelism often gives people a sense of unity, strong sense of rhythm, enhanced language momentum, enhanced expression effect, and is often used for reasoning. The use of parallelism and lyricism can express emotions to the fullest. [Example] For example, their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad. 6. [Repetition] (Definition): In order to emphasize a certain meaning and highlight a certain feeling, some words or sentences are intentionally used repeatedly. (Classification): Repeat continuously and at intervals. (Function): Highlight thoughts, emphasize feelings, distinguish levels, and strengthen the sense of rhythm. The use of repetition in reasoning and narration can strengthen arguments and distinguish order; Repetition in literary and artistic works, especially in poetry, can express strong and profound thoughts and feelings, and play a role in emphasizing the theme and enhancing the aesthetic feeling of melody. For example, silence, silence, does not break out in silence, but dies in silence. 7. [Question] (Definition): Ask yourself and answer yourself to attract readers' attention and thinking. (Function): Remind attention and guide thinking. It's us working people. 8. [rhetorical question] (definition): express a certain meaning in the form of a question, only ask without answering. (Function): Emphasize the tone. [Example] For example, the water in the pool is rippling and flowers are flying all over the sky. Who can say it is not beautiful? 9. [Contrast] (Definition): Also called contrast, it is to compare two things or two aspects of a thing. (Function): One of the outstanding things or features. (The object that the author wants to express. Contrast plays an important role in writing skills and can be understood in combination with writing. Nine commonly used rhetorical methods: ① Metaphor-making the language vivid and adding color to the language. Make the language lively. 3 exaggeration-highlighting something or emphasizing a certain feeling. ④ Parallelism-enhance the language momentum and enhance the expression effect. ⑤ Duality-make the language concise and neat. ⑤ Citation-enhance the language persuasiveness. ⑤ Ask questions-attract readers' attention and thinking. ⑧ Ask questions-play an important role in enhancing the positive (negative) tone. The meaning of general narrative is a generalization relative to detailed narrative (or detailed narrative). A brief narrative means a heavy narrative that summarizes a person, an event, a scene, an appearance, a variety, an emotion, etc. Some people also call it "similar parallel narration". This narrative should revolve around a center. The wider and simpler it is, the more effective it will be. What's good? Detail narrative method is a detailed and concrete narrative of character events, which is also called detail narrative method compared with general narrative method. Its function is to make readers know more about the complex situation and tortuous process of things through detailed and concrete narration, thus causing concern, sympathy or * * *. Secondly, in the order of narration, it can be said that narration can be divided into three types: sequential narration, flashback, interpolation and plain narration. (1) Chronological narration is a very common narrative method, which reflects the storyline of characters' events in chronological order, and is easy to determine the center and pattern of the article, arrange materials, write smoothly, have clear eyes and clear levels, and easily penetrate the momentum of the article. It also conforms to the law of people's understanding of things. Many famous works in the history of literature, such as The Peach Blossom Garden, have adopted this narrative method. (2) flashback method refers to the striking * * * or ending of a character event at the beginning of the article, which produces a sense of surprise. Then, reveal the reason and process of this * * or ending step by step. So flashback is not a reverse narrative, not a reverse reasoning. In fact, flashback is a variation of order. For example, Lu Xun's "Blessing", "Regret for the Past" and other works are generally written in flashbacks, while Xianglinsao's tragic life, Zijun's love tragedy and Juansheng's works all tell readers the final ending of the characters at the beginning, and then unfold the experiences of the characters layer by layer, so that readers can see the social roots of these tragedies and the ideological reasons of the characters themselves, thus inspiring people to pursue a reasonable life.

2. What are the common rhetorical devices in the article? There are the following eight rhetorical devices:

1. Metaphor: A rhetorical method of comparing abstract and unfamiliar things, situations or reasons with concrete and common things, situations or reasons.

Function: It can make the language vivid and make abstract things concrete and vivid.

Example: The bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow.

Function analysis: Comparing the shape of the bridge hole of the stone arch bridge with that of the rainbow, it vividly describes the formal beauty characteristics of the stone arch bridge and arouses people's beautiful association.

2. Personification: personify things, personify things, and write a rhetorical method that has the same feelings and behaviors as people.

Function: enhance the intimacy and vividness of language, make readers feel lifelike, and often have a very distinct emotional color.

Example: peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, I won't let you if you don't let me. They are all in full bloom.

Functional analysis: The lively scenes of blooming spring flowers and contending for spring with peaches and plums are written in anthropomorphic ways, which makes readers feel cordial and vivid.

3. Exaggeration: a rhetorical method that vividly describes the image, characteristics, function and degree of things with rich imagination, so as to outline the outline of things more prominently and vividly.

Function: It can enhance the image of language, highlight the characteristics of things or play a positive role in enhancing readers' subjective feelings, attitudes and understanding of the author.

Example: When the river rises and falls, it loses its momentum.

Functional analysis: vividly wrote how fast the Yellow River freezes, highlighting the severe cold in the north.

4. Parallelism: A rhetorical method of arranging three or more sentences or phrases with closely related contents, basically the same structure or similar tone to express similar or related meanings.

Function: It is convenient to express complex content more intensively, thoroughly and with stronger feelings, so that the momentum is coherent and smooth, the form is neat and the syllables are loud.

Ex.: He can't look up, open his eyes, breathe or walk.

Functional analysis: It depicts Xiangzi's feeling of pulling a cart in a storm, and renders Xiangzi's pain and helplessness in a harsh environment, so that readers have an immersive feeling.

5. Duality: a rhetorical method of expressing two opposite or similar meanings with a pair of phrases or sentences with the same structure, equal words and related contents.

Function: From the formal point of view, the sentence pattern is neat, which enhances the formal beauty of the language; From the content point of view, it is concise, concentrated and general, which strengthens the meaning of opposition and complementarity, and also makes the phonology harmonious, the rhythm clear, catchy and rigorous.

Example: (Looking) Inside and outside the Great Wall, only the rest is boundless; When the river rises and falls, it loses momentum.

Functional analysis: Describing the magnificent scenery with cold winter climate and snow cover in northern China, with sonorous tone and lively rhythm, which enhances the expressive force.

6. Repetition: A rhetorical method that makes the same word or sentence appear repeatedly according to the needs of expression. Include continuous iteration and interval iteration.

Function: you can emphasize something, express continuous feelings or emphasize tone and highlight feelings.

Ex.: Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is approaching.

Functional analysis: the word "expectation" is repeated constantly, showing the love for spring and the eagerness to look forward to the early arrival of spring.

7. Question: A rhetorical method of asking questions first and then expressing your own views.

Function: it can highlight the key points of the article, enhance the language momentum, attract readers' attention, make people think deeply and contribute to better lyric reasoning; At the same time, it can make the writing have waves and achieve a vivid and dull effect.

Example: Who are the two riders? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.

Functional analysis: This question highlights that the eunuchs who came to Miyagi wrote their arrogant demeanor.

8. rhetorical question: express the definite meaning in the form of a question to strengthen the tone. It is characterized by expressing negative content in a positive tone; Express positive content in a negative tone.

Function: enhancing the language momentum can enhance the definite meaning, which is beyond doubt, with strong sense of language and appeal.

Don't you think our soldiers are cute? Aren't you proud that our motherland has such a hero?

Functional analysis: After describing the heroic deeds of volunteer soldiers, use these two rhetorical questions to express your feelings and praise the heroic behavior of volunteer soldiers. Express positive content in a negative tone and inspire readers to think deeply.

The figures of speech in the article all have those figures of speech (\ "antithesis \" \ "metaphor \" \ "personification \" \ "metonymy \" \ "exaggeration \" \ "parallelism \" \ "repetition \" symbol \ "sustenance). 59660.68668686666

Used in poetry creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed is obviously prominent. It can be the contrast between people, for example, in Qin Luofu, the amazing beauty of Qin Luofu is set off by the reactions of the walkers and teenagers, or it can be the contrast between things, such as "cicadas make the forest quieter, the palace hill more secluded", "monks knock on the moon door" and "birds sing at the full moon".

More things are compared with people, such as writing the moon in the river three times in Pipa, which compares the beautiful and charming timbre of Pipa and the sad, lonely and sad mood of the characters respectively. 2. Association and imagination: mostly adopted by romantic poets.

For example, Li Bai often integrates reality with dreams, fairyland, nature with human society. His "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is full of poems that let go of thoughts, and the poet's imagination is like a wild imagination. The dreamland and fairyland depicted by him are the bright and beautiful ideal world he yearns for. "I don't know the moon when I am young, but I cry white." "I am worried about the bright moon, and I will go to the west at night." "I sing. The moon encourages me and I dance around "is a clever combination of whimsy and natural truth."

3. Allusions: that is, quoting historical facts and using allusions in poetry. Ancient poetry attaches great importance to the use of allusions, which can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implicitness of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works.

Such as Xin Qiji's "Never Meet Happiness"? There are five successful allusions in Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou: Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong and so on. With the help of these historical facts, the poet expressed his thoughts and feelings implicitly, naturally and fully. 4. Figurative symbol: This is a rhetorical device to compare one thing with another. Used in poetry is also called Bi Xing.

This technique is often used in poetry to achieve the artistic effect of vivid image and turning reality into emptiness. For example, Zhu Qingyu's "To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of the Examination" in the Tang Dynasty skillfully used the bride's nervous and hopeful psychology before meeting her in-laws, and wrote her nervous and eager to be appreciated before the exam.

He Zhangzhi's "Liu Fu": "Jasper is dressed as a tree, and thousands of green silk tapestries hang down. I don't know who cut off the thin leaves, and the spring breeze in February is like scissors. "

When the new leaves sprouted in spring, the poet suddenly had a whim in a surprise. It was Miss Chun who fiddled with spiritual scissors with her dexterous hands and cut out thin leaves! Metaphor makes description virtual, image more dynamic and emotion more intense. If this concrete image runs through the whole story, it is a symbol.

For example, Li Bai often places his ideals and symbolizes his talents with magnificent and extraordinary things, such as Dapeng, Tianma, Xiong Jian and mountains and rivers. I like to choose noble and beautiful things, such as bright moon, phoenix, pine and cypress, beauty and so on. , to symbolize the integrity of the newspaper; He often chooses the events of people who were destroyed and imprisoned to compare his experience and situation. 5. Exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing things to express the poet's unusual feelings.

Reasonable exaggeration is unreasonable, but reasonable. In romantic poetry, exaggeration can be seen everywhere.

For example, "the roof is18,000 feet, and at this point, it begins to turn southeast." (Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream") "White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is like a long beard" (Li Bai's "Song of Autumn Pu").

Another example is that "three cups spit infinite, five mountains are light" (Li Bai's "Chivalrous Journey") takes five mountains as light, exaggerating the weight of chivalrous journey; "Speak softly, trust friends, and face the Jiuning wind." (Li Bai's Song of Praise) Use mountain peaks to exaggerate the estrangement and suspicion between friends.

Contrast, metonymy, intertextuality (such as "My master has dismounted and my guest has boarded the boat" in Wang Changling's The Great Wall, The Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip), pun and metaphor are also commonly used in ancient poetry, and their characteristics and functions are similar to those used in general articles, so I won't repeat them here. In addition, we should also pay attention to some common "artistic dialectics" techniques in ancient poetry.

For example, when we describe things or scenery, we often combine far and near, motion and stillness, sound and color, reality and emptiness, and have achieved good artistic results. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ On the other hand, rhetoric has strong application and plays an important role in sentence imitation and sentence expansion.

● Difficult magnetic field [test questions 1] () Explain the rhetorical methods and expressive functions of the following sentences. Incorrect is A, what is the road? It was stepped out from a place where there was no road, and it was opened up from a place where there were only thorns. -Which way? The author has a preconceived idea in his mind. He just deliberately asks questions to attract others' attention, and then gives answers, which gives people a vivid and profound impression.

B. As far as lyricism is concerned, some people are proud of the spring breeze, strong and fierce, some people are bitter and sad when they leave, some people are cynical, worried about their country and people, and some people lament the death of old .......................................................................................................... C. Heilongjiang people often say.

The soil here will germinate with a chopstick. -Use the saying that "chopsticks will sprout as soon as they are inserted" to compare the "fertility" of the land and show the love of Heilongjiang people for their hometown. The image is vivid and vivid.

D. "bow your head and be a willing ox" should be our motto. In the sentence, the words "cold eyebrows", "bow down and be willing to be a willing ox", "cold hands and be willing to be a willing ox" are all relative, and the whole sentence is well-proportioned, harmonious and beautiful.

[Question 2] () Make sentences with "no" and "like" according to the following sentences. Commitment is not white clouds in the blue sky, but carefree and elegant.

Commitment is not (2) commitment is like a pearl, it is the price of the pain and glory of the mussel. Commitment is like a box.

4. What rhetorical devices in writing belong to artistic expression (that is, artistic expression and expression, as well as expression (skill))? The common ones are: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, concern, association, imagination, combination inhibition, combination of point and surface, combination of dynamic and static, narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding and support.

Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression).

Rhetoric is a common metaphor, contrast, analogy, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, repetition, irony and quotation.