Wang Ling (132 ~ 159) was a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty. Every word has its source. Originally from Yuancheng (now Daming in Hebei). At the age of 5, he lost his parents and lived in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) with his great-uncle Wang Yi. When I grow up, I make a living by teaching in Tianchang, Gaoyou and other places, and I have the ambition to govern the country and the people. In the second year of Zhihe (153), Wang Anshi was called to Beijing by the verdict of Shuzhou, passing Gaoyou, and he asked for the poem "Field of Nanshan". Wang Anshi was overjoyed, and he was praised as "being worthy of the world and making contributions to the world" (Epitaph of Wang Fengyuan), and married his wife and sister to him. 28 years old. Wang Anshi's poem "Thinking of the Source" has a saying that "the wonderful quality is not won by ordinary people, but only the old friend knows it", expressing regret that his talent is high and his life is short, and he has not been reused.
Wang Ling's poems are deeply influenced by Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Lu Tong and Li He, with novel ideas, brilliant words, great momentum and artistic conception. For example, sentences such as "If the long star is a coma, it is necessary to sweep the Central Plains" ("I have a feeling about it") and "Finally, we should try our best to roll up the surging water and make it a ten-day rain on earth" ("Dragon Pool") are all magnificent and magnificent. "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat" is particularly prominent: "The breeze can't kill the heat, and the sunset flies up the mountain with wings. People are already afraid of the exhaustion of rivers and seas, and the sky does not hesitate to dry up the rivers and rivers. There is snow at the height of Kunlun, and the distance of Penglai is often cold; "If you can't carry your hand around the world, why not swim in it?" Liu Kezhuang called his poems "old-fashioned, with lofty knowledge" (Previous Collection of Houcun Poems). Others, such as No Rain, Good Farmers, Hungry People Walk, Harmony with Flood and Power to Escape from the People, and the five-character poem Dream Locust, sympathize with the sufferings of the people and deeply expose the dark politics. Poems such as "Song", "Da Song" and "The Second Rhyme and Man Gu Song" express the indignation that lofty ideals cannot be realized. The lyric poems about scenery, such as Courtyard Grass, Riverside and Jinshan Temple, are fresh, natural and unique. However, some works have the disease of being blunt and crude, and the art is not mature enough.
Wang Ling's poems and poems were compiled into Guangling Collection by his grandson Wu Shuo, but they were not published. Jiayetang block-printed edition only appeared in modern times. Wang Lingji, a new edition published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House in 198, consists of 21 volumes of poems and essays according to Jiayetang School. There are also "Supplements", "Appendix" and "Chronicle". Wang Ling's poetic style, or fresh, such as Boat Times; Or uninhibited, such as "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat" and "Dragon Pool". Most of his ancient poems are classical in style and wonderfully poetic in language, which is deeply influenced by the poetic styles of Tang poets Han Yu and Meng Jiao. Wang Ling's poem is commented in the Summary of the General Catalogue of the Four Treasures: "It is majestic and profound, with Han Yu as the Sect, and it goes between Lu Tong, Li He and Meng Jiao. Although it won't last forever, it can't exercise its old skills, or it can't help but be too vertical and horizontal, and it will be too far away to see how you promote the flow of plagiarists." This can be said to be right. Wang Ling's Zhang Xun resembles Korean poems, while Qiu Ju is obviously influenced by Meng's poems.
Wan Li is often lonely and angry for his guests-the life of Wang Ling, a young poet in the Northern Song Dynasty
Wang Anshi, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, once wrote this poem with tears: "The clothes and buildings move in groups, and only when you are outstanding can you see the king alone." Qi Zi Yu Zhang Pan absolutely ravines, Qi Xi Yan Yan across the clouds. The loose-packed bag has been promised for life, and life and death are half-way. I am afraid that there is no wonderful quality in the world, and my nose will stop swinging. " In the poem, Wang Ling, a young poet famous in Jianghuai area in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the one who is outstanding as a commoner in cloth and highly valued by Wang Anshi.
1
Wang Ling (132—159) was born in Guangling (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). His great-grandfather and great-grandfather both held important positions in the imperial court, while his father only served as the main book of Guancheng County in Zhengzhou for several years. When Wang Ling was five years old, his mother and father had passed away one after another, and his only sister had been married. Wang Ling became an orphan and had nothing to rely on, so he had to come to Yangzhou alone with his great-uncle Wang Yi, who was a low-level military attache in Huainan Donglu Zhen and Yangzhou at that time, and grew up under his great-uncle's door. Therefore, Wang Ling claimed to be a Guangling person.
at the age of seven or eight, Wang Ling entered the bookstore to study. He often plays with the school children during the day, goes home to study alone at night, and sometimes stays up all night. When he was a teenager, Wang Ling was helpful and indulgent, and he criticized others' unjust behavior without scruple. Everyone respected him.
In 148, the eighth year of Song Renzong's Qingli, sixteen-year-old Wang Ling followed his great-uncle's eldest son across the stone to Guazhou (now south of Yangzhou, Jiangsu). The following year, Wang Ling left his great-uncle who had lived for ten years and set up another portal to take back his widowed sister and nephew. From then on, Wang Ling began a ten-year life of living alone with her sister, living in a lonely and poor home.
2
Economically, I lost my dependence on my great-uncle, and the burden of life for a family of three fell on the 17-year-old Wang Ling. Shortly after settling down in Guazhou, Wang Ling went to a school in Shanyang County alone as a teacher. In the second year, I was invited to a family school with a surname in Tianchang County. Here, Wang Lingyi spent five spring and autumn periods. Shu's family is one of the deepest confidants in Wang Ling's life. He gave economic support and emotional comfort to the lonely Wang Ling. In fact, the second son of Shu's family is about the same age as Wang Ling, and also has some knowledge. Wang Ling's "Answering the filial piety" says: "Your brothers and sages, I was surprised when I saw the gang, and the article was shining, and there were many hidden things. Shut the door and be self-sufficient. Why treat me more when you are free? Knowing the benevolence of the people and caring for the poor and hungry. " Wang Ling's name is Mr. bandu, and he never pretends to be Mr.. With the help of Shu's family, Wang Ling maintained his life with his family.
In the fourth year of Emperor You of Song Renzong (152), the imperial examination was held in the imperial court, and the 21-year-old Wang Ling gave up the opportunity of making progress and fame, regardless of the persuasion of everyone. He had hoped to "live a peaceful life, study the ancient times, and strive for self-improvement since his youth, so as to make up for the emergencies of the present", but now "unfortunately, poverty is reversed, and it can't be better than the usual flow" (< P > ("On March 21st, Renchen read the inscription on Li Hanlin's tomb, Ren Xia was the reason for the lack of hormones to show Du Zichang"). In the following years, Wang Ling never took the imperial examination. The dark social reality and the lonely and poor life living under the fence of others make him have the ambition to save the world and the people, but he is unwilling to "make a six-foot body, which is easy to be cheap and easy to be five-skinned" ("Answer to the Yellow River and Rich Road"). He thinks that life is just a temporary place. "When you are a hundred years old, you can only fly by, and you can promote your strength and look up to Dan Guizhi." On the New Year's Eve of this year, amid the laughter of thousands of people, Wang Ling cried and wrote "Send the Poor" to describe his miserable life, so as to vent his anguish: "I was born today, but I lost my life and fell deep. Raise your head and hinder the sky, stretch your feet without land, and focus on the small ones, so don't settle down! Carved barren is not fat, bones show the skin, it is often cold in winter, and the days are short and hungry ... "
As the children of the Shu family are getting older, Wang Ling feels guilty about not resigning and receiving gifts, so he says goodbye to the Shu family and goes to Gaoyou to study. In the first year of Song Renzong Zhihe (154), Wang Anshi was summoned to Beijing by Shuzhou, passing Gaoyou, and Wang Ling sent a book and presented a poem "Field of Nanshan" to Wang Anshi, thus starting his communication with Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi was eleven years old. Before that, Wang Ling was familiar with Wang Yi's father and son, and Wang Ling had long admired his character and articles. Wang Ling once said in "Calligraphy with Shu Boren": "Since Yang Xiong, Gai has never learned Linchuan." Wang Anshi also attached great importance to Wang Ling's personality and talent. In his reply, he praised Wang Ling for "the first step is rich and abundant, which is beyond the reach of a certain person" and "the first step is to learn to be a gentleman." Since then, the two have exchanged letters frequently, and they have become friends who never turn their backs. On the recommendation of Wang Anshi, many reputable scholars began to sing with Wang Ling at that time, and Wang Ling's poems were copied and circulated. The king's reputation was impressive, and many people who liked to cling to it looked at it and paid tribute to it, which greatly annoyed the lofty and stubborn king. He wrote a book on the door, "What do you want from me?" It bothers me to come, but I don't think about "refusing guests" when I go.
This year, there was a plague of locusts in Jianghuai, where people were hungry and desolate everywhere. When Wang Ling saw the scene, he wrote a poem "Dream Locust" angrily. The following year, Wang Ling was invited by Shao Biqiang, a member of Gaoyou Zhijun, to be an academic officer in Gaoyou. Soon, he wrote to Shao Bi: "Everyone has his own aspirations, and he wants to be poor and humble. I hope you will pity him for his aspirations, but he is not strong at all." Long beam's resignation to heaven. Wang Ling returned to the home of Shu's family. "If you go and come back, you will have to eat for a long time", "If you are generously given by others, you will not be rewarded enough" and "If you are hungry, you will not be able to lead yourself away, and you will never forget it." The belief in life without seeking fame and poverty in life made Wang Ling in an embarrassing situation and difficult to extricate himself.
Wang Ling knows that he can't spend his whole life with Shu's pity. So in the autumn when he was twenty-five, he said goodbye to Shu's family and went to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) to gather disciples to make a living. However, things have not been done in Runzhou for a long time, and I have to return to Guazhou.
since the age of seventeen or eighteen, Wang Ling has been running around alone to support his family, suffering from the coldness of the world and the warmth of human feelings. He often refers to himself as a lonely goose: "Wan Li is always a guest, how can he fly freely?"? Knowing that rice is in a hurry, don't get close to it. ..... The mourners cut themselves, who calls you sad. " ("Wild Goose") He lamented the sinister people's heart of "Laughing at the face and hating the liver and spleen" ("It's hard to give Du Xian"); He longs for one day, "buy fields and return to Lu, plant trees around the house, live in silkworm classes, I whip cattle, teach my wife to make a basket, and make my children pay for the east, and when they forget their age, they will get together and become a white head" ("Shanyang homesick book sends a female brother").
3
The trip to Runzhou yielded no economic gains and wasted a year, which made Wang Ling even more embarrassed. Although Wang Lingfeng is a widowed sister like strict father, and teaches orphans and nephews like loving children, he has to decide to remarry his elder sister who has lived alone with him for many years so as not to die of hunger and cold. According to the feudal ethics, after the death of her husband, a woman should keep a chastity for life and cannot remarry. In order not to make himself and his sister feel ashamed in front of acquaintances, Wang Ling moved his family to Jiangyin and Jiyang soon after returning from Runzhou.
"The broken eaves and columns are not connected, the tiles fall and the ground beams are empty, the doors are not closed, and the dogs are always arrogant." From this description in Wang Ling's Four Poems of Jiyangju, we can know that his house is in ruins. The owner felt sorry for him for not being able to repair it himself, so he found a mason for him. The mason saw that Wang Ling was too poor to entertain him, so he took the opportunity to run away. "The family has no land to eat and store, the sparrow and the mouse are not my enemies, and the poems and books are taught before they are repaired" ("Four Poems in Jiyang"), Wang Ling is still poor, still living by Professor Jutu, and at the same time borrowing from all sides, it is difficult to raise the necessary funds for his sister to remarry.
When my sister got married, Wang Ling became alone again. Loneliness, poverty and ever-increasing beriberi haunt him, making him depressed and difficult to cheer up. In the middle of the night, he often looks at the flickering candlelight alone, sighing at the shadows and tears dripping down his cheeks. He lamented that he was "obsessed, lost the city and fell into a deep ditch, and the illness was not treated, and it was unbearable." Homeless, out of the kitchen "("sitting at night "). He hopes to die with his relatives as soon as possible and end the fate of suffering. In the miserable life after that, the only thing that brought him comfort was that with Wang Anshi's care and efforts, he finally got married and got married. At the age of eighteen, Wang Ling once told his sister that "I will also marry a woman, and I will try my best to be a stone mortar". However, the life of being a widowed sister, raising orphans and nephews made it difficult for him to do so. When Wang Ling was in Runzhou at the age of twenty-six, Wang Anshi wrote many books to his uncle Wu Yan, and strongly recommended Wang Ling, so that Wu Yan's daughter could marry Wang Ling. In the third year of Jiayou, Wang Ling went to Qichun County, Qizhou (now Qichun County, Hubei Province), where Wu Yan was appointed, and returned to Jiyang in November. In December, he was invited by people to give lectures in Changzhou.
Going home after the wedding, and his wife was pregnant the following year, which brought a little comfort and sweetness to Wang Ling's lonely and poor life. However, at this time, his beriberi became more and more dramatic. Illness forced him to stay in bed, "after his foot disease, he was forgetful and bored" (Book with Wang Jiefu). On the second day of June in the fourth year of Jiayou (159), Wang Ling, who was only 28 years old, passed away in poverty and illness.
4
Wang Ling is a talented young poet. He has only written for ten years, but he has written more than 7 essays and more than 48 poems. His poems represent the main achievements of his literary creation.
Most of his poems are written in response to friends, mainly describing his life, ambition and attitude towards life, and the miserable life of running around for food and clothing. Wang Ling had a hard life, and his mood was always depressed, and the tone of such poems was also relatively low. Wang Ling lived at the bottom of society, close to the poor and far away from the ruling class, so many of his poems profoundly reflected the sufferings brought to the people by years of famine and cruel oppression and exploitation of the rulers. What's more valuable is that the poet can clearly point out that this kind of suffering comes from the oppression and exploitation of the people by the rulers, and show his willingness to save the people from suffering. The poem "Dream Locust" is his masterpiece:
............. Yong Yong can be an official, elegant, benevolent and Confucian. Take off the skin of tigers and leopards, under the guise of Yao and Shun. Tooth hidden needle cone, abdominal intestinal hydatid maggot. Open your mouth with happiness and prestige, and turn your finger to reward; The four seas should breathe, and thousands of miles will be comfortable. Cut off the naked body and drink blood to fatten the skin. Bite the good people's party, chew and refuse to vomit. Even the bed is full, and the other room is idle. A million rafters, a thousand warehouses. ..... The poor have no room, and the father and son live together. The base person is hungry and has no food, and the wife is relatively eager. Although the nobility is different, its kind is the same. This solid man eats people, and he is responsible for it! ......
Like poets, with sharp brushstrokes, they stripped off the coats of "benevolence, righteousness, Confucianism" and "Yao and Shun tendency" of dignitaries, revealing their true colors of "tiger and leopard body" and "worm and maggot belly", and pointed out that the exploiting classes were more cruel and hateful poems than locusts, which were rare in ancient literary works. It is not difficult to see that because of his special life experience, Wang Ling's observation and understanding of the society at that time was extremely profound. It is no wonder that after reading Wang Ling's poems, Wang Anshi repeatedly praised Wang Ling's saying that "the poem has a sigh and tears". Other poems, such as "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat", "Hungry People Walk" and "Thinking about the Wind in Summer Heat", are also praised by later generations.
Ling (132-159), with the same word, was originally from Yuancheng, Wei County (now Daming, Hebei Province). At the age of five, his parents died and he moved to Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu) with his great-uncle Wang Yi. At the age of 16 or 17, he started his own business and made a living as a disciple in Tianchang (now Anhui), Gaoyou (now Jiangsu) and Jiangyin (now Jiangsu). In the first year of Zhihe (154), he met Wang Anshi in Gaoyou and was appreciated by him. Since then, he has become a close friend. Because of Wang Anshi's reputation, Wang Ling's poems began to be known, especially in Jianghuai area, Wang Ling gradually became a famous poet. In the third year of Jiayou (158), Wang Anshi married his wife's cousin, and the next year he died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) at the age of 28. Wang Anshi's poem "Thinking of the Original" has the sentence that "the wonderful quality is not won by ordinary people, and the whispers are only known by old friends", expressing regret that his talent is high and his life is short, and he does not serve the world.
Wang Ling spent his short life in poverty and poverty. He claimed to be poor and unwilling to stoop to the imperial examination, sometimes he had no life and was often in extreme distress. I once described my situation by imitating Han Yu's "Seeing the Poor": "After I was arrested, I lost my life and fell deep. I looked up and blocked the sky, and I stretched my feet without land ... I carved barren bones, and my bones were exposed. It was often cold in winter, and my days were short and I was still hungry." Living at the bottom of society makes him suffer the hardships of life, and his stubborn and meticulous nature inspires his anger and arrogance in poverty. His poems lament the poverty of self-life, the darkness of society and the desolation of people's livelihood, and show his will and integrity to remain poor. In art, Wang Ling's poems were deeply influenced by Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Lu Tong and others in the middle Tang Dynasty, and they were full of vigor and imagination.